南昌市灰尘中可淋溶态DOM的光谱特性
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摘要
灰尘中可淋溶态DOM(LDOM)是城市雨水径流中有机质及污染物的重要来源.本文采集南昌市不同功能区及公交站台灰尘样品,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法及三维荧光光谱法分析了灰尘中LDOM的光谱特性,以期为城市雨水径流污染防治提供数据支持.研究表明:南昌市灰尘总有机碳浓度及有色溶解性有机质(CDOM)浓度均值分别为30.3 g·kg~(-1)和17.67 m~(-1),二者以东西向主干道及赣江沿岸为高值中心向两侧递减.荧光溶解性有机物中的类腐殖物质、紫外-可见吸收光谱参数中的UV_(254)、S_R、UV_(250)/UV_(365)、UV_(240)/UV_(420)均以昌南(近高速路附近)地区较高,说明这些地区灰尘LDOM的分子量小、有机质腐殖化程度高.而类蛋白物质及UV_(253)/UV_(203)均以市区值较高,说明市区灰尘LDOM的自生源特性较高、芳环结构复杂.荧光指数分析结果表明,公园绿地灰尘LDOM的内源及自生源可能性大、腐殖化程度低,而文教区灰尘LDOM的陆源来源可能性大、腐殖化程度高.主成分分析结果表明,以陆源来源为主LDOM的腐殖化程度高、有机质结构复杂、分子量小(如文教区空调灰尘LDOM),以内源自生源为主LDOM的腐殖化程度低、结构中脂肪碳多、分子量大(如公园绿地灰尘LDOM).
The bus station is one of the significant sinks of urban dust and contaminants. Leaching dissolved organic materials(LDOM) in dust is the important source of the organic matter and contaminants in urban stormwater runoff. This study investigates the spectral characteristics of LDOM in dust, which is sampled from the different functional areas and bus stations in Nanchang City. The aim of this study is to provide vital data for pollution control in urban stormwater runoff. For this purpose, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEM) were used. Results show that the concentration of the total organic carbon(TOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in dust are 30.3 g·kg~(-1) and 17.67 m~(-1)(average value), respectively. The maximal TOC and CDOM are located in the east-west main road and the area along the Gan River, and then decrease in the surrounding area. In addition, the relatively high concentration of the humic-like substances and the relatively high value of UV_(254), S_R, UV_(250)/UV_(365), and UV_(240)/UV_(420) are detected in southern(dust near the highway) area of Nanchang City. These results indicate that LDOM from these areas is characterized by small molecular and high humification. In contrast, the relatively high value of the protein-like substances and UV_(253)/UV_(203) is found in the downtown area, which shows similar spatial distribution to that of CDOM. These results reveal that LDOM from the downtown area is mainly autochthonous DOM with more complex aromatic-ring structure. Fluorescence indices analysis indicates that LDOM from the dust in the park mainly derived from the autochthonous origin with low humified DOM. While LDOM from the dust in college mainly derived from the terrestrial sources with a high degree of maturation. Principal component analysis shows that terrestrial LDOM is dominant with higher humification, more complex structure and smaller molecular OM(e.g. LDOM in dust from the air conditioner in college). In contrast, microbial and autochthonous LDOM is characterized by lower humification, more aliphatic carbon in the structure and larger molecular OM(e.g. LDOM in dust from the park).
The bus station is one of the significant sinks of urban dust and contaminants. Leaching dissolved organic materials(LDOM) in dust is the important source of the organic matter and contaminants in urban stormwater runoff. This study investigates the spectral characteristics of LDOM in dust, which is sampled from the different functional areas and bus stations in Nanchang City. The aim of this study is to provide vital data for pollution control in urban stormwater runoff. For this purpose, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis) and three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEM) were used. Results show that the concentration of the total organic carbon(TOC) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in dust are 30.3 g·kg~(-1) and 17.67 m~(-1)(average value), respectively. The maximal TOC and CDOM are located in the east-west main road and the area along the Gan River, and then decrease in the surrounding area. In addition, the relatively high concentration of the humic-like substances and the relatively high value of UV_(254), S_R, UV_(250)/UV_(365), and UV_(240)/UV_(420) are detected in southern(dust near the highway) area of Nanchang City. These results indicate that LDOM from these areas is characterized by small molecular and high humification. In contrast, the relatively high value of the protein-like substances and UV_(253)/UV_(203) is found in the downtown area, which shows similar spatial distribution to that of CDOM. These results reveal that LDOM from the downtown area is mainly autochthonous DOM with more complex aromatic-ring structure. Fluorescence indices analysis indicates that LDOM from the dust in the park mainly derived from the autochthonous origin with low humified DOM. While LDOM from the dust in college mainly derived from the terrestrial sources with a high degree of maturation. Principal component analysis shows that terrestrial LDOM is dominant with higher humification, more complex structure and smaller molecular OM(e.g. LDOM in dust from the air conditioner in college). In contrast, microbial and autochthonous LDOM is characterized by lower humification, more aliphatic carbon in the structure and larger molecular OM(e.g. LDOM in dust from the park).
引文
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Catalá T S,Mladenov N,Echevarría F,et al.2013.Positive trends between salinity and chromophoric and fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a seasonally inverse estuary [J].Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,133:206-216
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陈雪霜,江韬,卢松,等.2016.典型水库型湖泊中CDOM吸收及荧光光谱变化特征:基于沿岸生态系统分析[J].环境科学,37(11):4168-4178
丁明军,王敏,张华.2017.南昌快速城市化过程对环境多介质有机碳含量的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(6):2307-2314
Duarte R M B O,Piňeiro-Iglesias M,López-Mahía P,et al.2019.Comparative study of atmospheric water-soluble organic aerosols composition in contrasting suburban environments in the Iberian Peninsula Coast[J].Science of The Total Environment,648:430-441
Findlay S E G,Sinsabaugh R L.2002.Aquatic ecosystems:Interactivity of dissolved organic matter [J].Journal of North American Benthological Society,23(3):662-663
傅平青,刘丛强,吴丰昌.2005.溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特征研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,25(12):2024-2028
甘淑钗,吴莹,鲍红艳,等.2013.长江溶解有机质三维荧光光谱的平行因子分析[J].中国环境科学,33(6):1045-1052
Gao P,Liu S,Feng Y,et al.2015.Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in resuspendable fraction of settled bus dust and its implications for human exposure[J].Environmental Pollution,198:1-7
高莹.2008.南昌市区路面沉积物污染分布及评价[D].南昌:南昌大学
龚香宜,徐威,何炎志.2017.溶解性有机质的光谱特征及其对土壤吸附β-HCH的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(1):318-325
黄廷林,方开凯,张春华,等.2016.利用UV-vis及EEMs对比冬季完全混合下两个不同特征水库溶解性有机物的光学特性[J].环境科学,37(12):4577-4585
Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al.2008.Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source,and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter [J].Limnology and Oceanography,53(3):955-969
Huang W,Xie Z,Yan W,et al.2016.Occurrence and distribution of synthetic musks and organic UV filters from riverine and coastal sediments in the Pearl River estuary of China [J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,111(1/2):153-159
Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al.2009.Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary [J].Organic Geochemistry,40(6):706-719
Jaffe R,Boyer J N,Lu X,et al.2004.Source characterization of dissolved organic matter in a subtropical mangrove-dominated estuary by fluorescence analysis [J].Marine Chemistry,84(3/4):195-210
江英辉,张华,丁明军,等.2018.南昌市街道灰尘重金属时空分布特征及健康风险评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,27(4):849-861
Jung C H,Lee J Y,Um J,et al.2018.Chemical composition based aerosol optical properties according to size distribution and mixture types during smog and Asian dust events in Seoul,Korea[J].Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,54(1):19-32
Lawaetz A J,Stedmon C A.2009.Fluorescence intensity calibration using the Raman scatter peak of water [J].Applied spectroscopy,63(8):936-940
Leenheer J A,Croue J.2003.Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter [J].Environmental Science and Technology,37(1):18A-26A
Li S,Chen Y,Zhang J,et al.2018.The relationship of chromophoric dissolved organic matter parallel factor analysis fluorescence and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural surface waters [J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,25(2):1428-1438
李丹,何小松,高如泰,等.2016.紫外-可见光谱研究堆肥水溶性有机物不同组分演化特征[J].中国环境科学,36(11):3412-3421
李璐璐,江韬,闫金龙,等.2014.三峡库区典型消落带土壤及沉积物中溶解性有机质(DOM)的紫外-可见光谱特征[J].环境科学,35(3):933-941
刘明亮,张运林,秦伯强.2009.太湖入湖河口和开敞区CDOM吸收和三维荧光特征[J].湖泊科学,21(2):234-241
刘晓明,余震,周普雄,等.2018.污泥超高温堆肥过程中DOM结构的光谱分析[J].环境科学,39(8):3807-3815
刘堰杨,秦纪洪,孙辉.2018.川西高海拔河流中溶解性有机质(DOM)紫外-可见光吸收光谱特征[J].环境科学学报,38(9):3662-3671
McElmurry S P,Long D T,Voice T C.2013.Stormwater dissolved organic matter:influence of land cover and environmental factors[J].Environmental Science & Technology,48(1):45-53
聂明华,刘慧慧,熊小英,等.2018.南昌市湖泊水体中不同粒径胶体的三维荧光光谱特征研究[J].环境科学学报,38(5):1929-1938
Nishijima W,Gerald E,Speitle J.2004.Fate of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon produced by ozonation on biological activated carbon [J].Chemosphere,56(2):113-119
Ohno T.2002.Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the humification index of dissolved organic matter [J].Environmental Science and Technology,36(4):742-746
Peng H,Yang Y,Liu M,et al.2012.PAHs in indoor dust samples in Shanghai′s universities:levels,sources and human exposure [J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,34(5):587-596
Peuravuori J,Pihlaja K.1997.Isolation and characterization of natural organic matter from lake water:comparison of isolation with solid adsorption and tangential membrane filtration [J].Environment International,23(4):441-451
Salve R,Lohkare H,Gobre T,et al.2012.Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in rainwater using fluorescence spectrophotometry [J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,88(2):215-218
陶澍,崔军,张朝生.1990.水生腐殖酸的可见-紫外光谱特征[J].地理学报,(4):484-489
Tang J Y M,Aryal R,Deletic A,et al.2013.Toxicity characterization of urban stormwater with bioanalytical tools [J].Water Research,47(15):5594-5606
Tipping E,Woof C,Rigg E,et al.1999.Climatic influences on the leaching of dissolved organic matter from upland UK moorland soils,investigated by a field manipulation experiment [J].Environment International,25(1):83-95
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