基于多源异构数据的沧州市大气环境管理APP平台的构建与应用
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摘要
大气环境管理平台是目前我国城市大气环境管理的重要手段.利用气象、空气质量、污染源等多源异构数据资料,以模型集成分析的方法,针对沧州市的消峰和污染减排问题,开发了大气环境管理平台(APP),并对沧州市大气污染过程进行综合分析和验证.以沧州市2019年1月27—30日两次大气污染过程为例进行分析,结果表明:①污染过程1(2019年1月27日14:00—1月28日02:00)中ρ(PM_(2. 5))ρ(PM10)平均值为0. 59,ρ(SO_2)、ρ(NO_2)和ρ(CO)平均值分别为37. 0μgm3、66. 7μgm3和1. 5mgm3;污染过程2(1月29日10:00—1月30日09:00)中ρ(PM_(2. 5))ρ(PM10)平均值为0. 61,ρ(SO_2)、ρ(NO_2)和ρ(CO)平均值分别为38. 5μgm3、67. 7μgm3和1. 8 mgm3,说明加强对前体物的控制是削弱重污染时段ρ(PM_(2. 5))的重要途径.②污染过程1的相对湿度在重度污染时段增长显著,污染过程2中相对湿度有10 h在70%以上;同时,在此期间风速较小,近地面逆温层较厚,从而加速了颗粒物吸湿增长和二次转化,说明高湿、低风速等气象条件是形成重污染天气的主要原因之一.③源解析结果表明,外来源的平均贡献率为44. 73%,本地源的平均贡献率为55. 27%,本地工业源、民用源、交通源和电力源贡献率分别为42. 20%、11. 97%、1. 00%和0. 10%,说明重污染期间沧州市受到周边区域传输具有一定的可能性,本地源的贡献主要来自工业源和民用源.
The atmospheric management platform is an important means of urban atmospheric environmental management in China. Using multi-source heterogeneous data such as meteorology,air quality and pollution sources. In response to the peak and pollution reduction problems in Cangzhou City,the APP platform of atmospheric environmental management system was developed by means of model integration analysis,the process of atmospheric pollution in Cangzhou City was comprehensively analyzed and verified. Taking the two atmospheric pollution process from 1. 27 to 1. 30 in Cangzhou City in 2019 as an example. The results showed that:( 1) In pollution process 1( began at 14: 00 on 27 thand reached severe pollution at 02: 00 on 28 th),the average value of ρ( PM_(2. 5)) ρ( PM10) was 0. 59,and the average values of ρ( SO_2),ρ( NO_2) and ρ( CO) were 37. 0 μgm3,66. 7 μgm3 and 1. 5 mgm3. In pollution process 2( began at10: 00 on 29 thand reached severe pollution at 09: 00 on 30 th),the average value of ρ( PM_(2. 5)) ρ( PM10) was 0. 61,and the average values of ρ( SO_2),ρ( NO_2) and ρ( CO) were 38. 5 μgm3,67. 7 μgm3 and 1. 8 mgm3,indicating that it is important to enhance control of the precursors to weaken heavy pollution time ρ( PM_(2. 5)).( 2) The humidity of pollution process 1 increased significantly during heavy pollution time,and the relative humidity in heavy pollution process 2 reached more than 70% for 10 h. At the same time,the wind speed was low during this period. The thickness of the near-ground inversion layer accelerated the growth of moisture absorption and secondary transformation of particles,indicating that meteorological conditions such as high humidity and low wind speed were among the main reasons for the formation of heavy polluted weather.( 3) The results of source apportionment showed that the contribution of outside source occupied an average of 44. 73%,while 55. 27% was from the local area. Local industry,civil use,transport and electricity contributed42. 20%,11. 97%,1. 00% and 0. 10%,respectively. Indicating thatduring the heavy pollution period,Cangzhou City had a certain possibility of transmission from the surrounding area. Coal contribution was mainly from industrial and civilian combustion.
The atmospheric management platform is an important means of urban atmospheric environmental management in China. Using multi-source heterogeneous data such as meteorology,air quality and pollution sources. In response to the peak and pollution reduction problems in Cangzhou City,the APP platform of atmospheric environmental management system was developed by means of model integration analysis,the process of atmospheric pollution in Cangzhou City was comprehensively analyzed and verified. Taking the two atmospheric pollution process from 1. 27 to 1. 30 in Cangzhou City in 2019 as an example. The results showed that:( 1) In pollution process 1( began at 14: 00 on 27 thand reached severe pollution at 02: 00 on 28 th),the average value of ρ( PM_(2. 5)) ρ( PM10) was 0. 59,and the average values of ρ( SO_2),ρ( NO_2) and ρ( CO) were 37. 0 μgm3,66. 7 μgm3 and 1. 5 mgm3. In pollution process 2( began at10: 00 on 29 thand reached severe pollution at 09: 00 on 30 th),the average value of ρ( PM_(2. 5)) ρ( PM10) was 0. 61,and the average values of ρ( SO_2),ρ( NO_2) and ρ( CO) were 38. 5 μgm3,67. 7 μgm3 and 1. 8 mgm3,indicating that it is important to enhance control of the precursors to weaken heavy pollution time ρ( PM_(2. 5)).( 2) The humidity of pollution process 1 increased significantly during heavy pollution time,and the relative humidity in heavy pollution process 2 reached more than 70% for 10 h. At the same time,the wind speed was low during this period. The thickness of the near-ground inversion layer accelerated the growth of moisture absorption and secondary transformation of particles,indicating that meteorological conditions such as high humidity and low wind speed were among the main reasons for the formation of heavy polluted weather.( 3) The results of source apportionment showed that the contribution of outside source occupied an average of 44. 73%,while 55. 27% was from the local area. Local industry,civil use,transport and electricity contributed42. 20%,11. 97%,1. 00% and 0. 10%,respectively. Indicating thatduring the heavy pollution period,Cangzhou City had a certain possibility of transmission from the surrounding area. Coal contribution was mainly from industrial and civilian combustion.
引文
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[16]WANG Hong,LI Jianghao,PENG Yue,et al.The impacts of the meteorology features on PM2.5levels during a severe haze episode in central-east China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2019,197:177-189．
[17]ZHANG Qiang,QUAN Jiannong,TIE Xuexi,et al.Effects of meteorology and secondary particle formation on visibility during heavy haze events in Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502:578-584．
[18]LI Jun,CHEN Hongbin,ZHAN Qingli,et al.Low-level temperature inversions and their effect on aerosol condensation nuclei concentrations under different large-scale synoptic circulations[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2015,32(7):898-908．
[19]SILCOX G D,KELLY K E,CROSMAN E T,et al.Wintertime PM2.5concentrations during persistent,multi-day cold-air pools in a mountain valley[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,46(1):17-24．
[20]LI Xiaolan,WANG Yanfeng,SHEN Lidu,et al.Characteristics of boundary layer structure during a persistent haze event in the Central Liaoning City cluster,northeast China[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2018,32(2):301-312．
[21]ZHENG Mei,SALMON L G,SCHAUER J J,et al.Seasonal trends in PM2.5source contributions in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(22):3967-3976．
[22]SILVA R A,WEST J J,ZHANG Y,et al.Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change[J].Environmental Research Letters,2013,8(3):1-11．
[23]YAO Wanxiang,ZHANG Chunxiao,WANG Xiao,et al.The research of new daily diffuse solar radiation models modified by air quality index(AQI)in the region with heavy fog and haze[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,139:140-150．
[24]伯鑫，王刚，田军，等．AERMOD模型地表参数标准化集成系统研究[J]．中国环境科学，2015,35(9):2570-2575.BO Xin,WANG Gang,TIAN Jun,et al.Standard systems of surface parmeters in AERMOD[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(9):2570-2575．
[25]伯鑫，丁峰，徐鹤，等．大气扩散CALPUFF模型技术综述[J]．环境监测管理与技术，2009,21(3):9-13.BO Xin,DING Feng,XU He,et al.Review of atmospheric diffusion spersion model CALPUFF technology[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2009,21(3):9-13．
[26]MA Jianzhong,XU Xiaobin,ZHAO Chunsheng,et al.A review of atmospheric chemistry research in China:photochemical smog,haze pollution,and gas-aerosol interactions[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2012,29(5):1006-1026．
[27]叶霞，王剑，刘伟，等．沧州市郊大气PM10浓度变化特征分析[J]．环境化学，2013,32(8):1588-1589.YE Xia,WANG Jian,LIU Wei,et al.Characteristic analysis of PM10concentration in the suburbs of Cangzhou[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(8):1588-1589．
[28]李明华，陈芳丽，甘泉，等.2013-2016年惠州市大气颗粒物质量浓度变化特征和典型污染过程分析[J]．气象与环境科学，2019,42(2):90-94.LI Minghua,CHEN Fangli,GAN Quan,et al.Variation characteristics of particular matter concentration and typical pollution processes during 2013-2016 in Huizhou City[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2019,42(2):90-94．
[29]姚青，刘敬乐，蔡子颖，等．天津大气稳定度和逆温特征对PM2.5污染的影响[J]．中国环境科学，2018,38(8):2865-2872.YAO Qing,LIU Jingle,CAI Ziying,et al.Atmospheric stability and inverse temperature characteristics of Tianjin and its effect on PM2.5pollution[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2865-2872．
[30]TAO Jun,ZHANG Leiming,HO K,et al.Impact of PM2.5chemical compositions on aerosol light scattering in Guangzhou:the largest megacity in South China[J].Atmospheric Research,2014,135136:48-58．
[31]LI Xinghua,HE Kebin,LI Chengcai,et al.PM2.5mass,chemical composition,and light extinction before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013,118(21):158-167．
[32]LIN Yanfen,HUANG Kan,ZHUANG Guoshun,et al.A multi-year evolution of aerosol chemistry impacting visibility and haze formation over an eastern Asia megacity,Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,92:76-86．
[33]刘娜，余晔，何建军，等．兰州冬季大气污染来源分析[J]．环境科学研究，2015,28(4):509-515.LIU Na,YU Ye,HE Jianjun,et al.Analysis of air pollutant transport in winter in Lanzhou[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(4):509-515.
[2]TIAN Hezhong,WANG Yan,ZHAO Dan,et al.Formation and causes of NOxpollution on the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(19):2044-2049．
[3]HONDULA D M,SITKA L,DAVIS R E,et al.A back-trajectory and air mass climatology for the northern Shenandoah Valley,USA[J].International Journal of Climatology,2010,30(4):569-581．
[4]刘毓．基于GIS的面向对象大气环境信息系统[D]．西安:西北工业大学，2011:1-2．
[5]王康．区域大气环境信息管理及展示平台设计与实现[D]．广州:华南理工大学，2011:2-3．
[6]张达刚，陈海宁，陈华，等．环境评估大数据管理平台初探及技术综述[J]．计算机系统应用，2019,28(4):205-211.ZHANG Dagang,CHEN Haining,CHEN Hua,et al.Proposal and technology research of big data management platform environmental evaluation[J].Computer Systems&applications,2019,28(4):205-211．
[7]董天奇．保定市大气污染城市智能管理平台设计[D]．杭州:浙江理工大学，2016:4-5．
[8]伯鑫，甄瑞卿，屈加豹，等．中国钢铁行业大气污染物排放清单管理系统研究[J]．环境污染与防治，2017,39(5):578-582.BO Xin,ZHEN Ruiqing,QU Jiabao,et al.Study on the management system of atmospheric pollutant emission inventory for steel industry of China[J].Environmental Pollution and Prevention and Control,2017,39(5):578-582．
[9]伯鑫，何友江，商国栋，等．基于CEMS全国污染源清单数据库系统开发与应用[J]．环境工程，2014,32(8):105-108.BO Xin,HE Youjiang,SHANG Guodong,et al.Development and application of the national pollutant emission in ventory database system with CEMS[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2014,32(8):105-108．
[10]张云海，马雁军，杨洪斌，等．辽宁省大气环境信息管理系统[J]．环境科学与技术，2005,28(5):25-27．
[11]鄢学贫，罗宇，李彬，等．郑州市环境监控应急指挥中心系统的设计与实现[J]．郑州轻工业学院学报:自然科学版，2001,21(3):48-50.YAN Xuepin,LUO Yu,LI Bin,et al.Design and implementation of the commanding center of environmental supervision system about Zhengzhou City[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Natural Science),2001,21(3):48-50．
[12]李东东．基于GIS的区域大气环境信息系统[D]．济南:山东师范大学，2009:3-5．
[13]FOUDA Y E.A GIS for environmental assessment of air pollution impacts on urban clusters and natural landscape at Rosetta City and region,Egypt[J].Urban Ecosystems,2001,5(1):5-25．
[14]JENSEN S S,BERKOWICZ R,HANSEN H S,et al.A Danish decision-support GIS tool for management of urban air quality and human exposures[J].Transportation Research,Part D(Transport and Environment),2001,6(4):229-241．
[15]MONGI S,MOHAMED O,MAUD L,et al.Integrated environmental and socio-economic modeling using LEIS for desertification monitoring and assessment in Menzel Habib Observatory(South Tunisia)[M].Medenine:Tunisia The Future of Drylands,2008:311-321．
[16]WANG Hong,LI Jianghao,PENG Yue,et al.The impacts of the meteorology features on PM2.5levels during a severe haze episode in central-east China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2019,197:177-189．
[17]ZHANG Qiang,QUAN Jiannong,TIE Xuexi,et al.Effects of meteorology and secondary particle formation on visibility during heavy haze events in Beijing,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,502:578-584．
[18]LI Jun,CHEN Hongbin,ZHAN Qingli,et al.Low-level temperature inversions and their effect on aerosol condensation nuclei concentrations under different large-scale synoptic circulations[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2015,32(7):898-908．
[19]SILCOX G D,KELLY K E,CROSMAN E T,et al.Wintertime PM2.5concentrations during persistent,multi-day cold-air pools in a mountain valley[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,46(1):17-24．
[20]LI Xiaolan,WANG Yanfeng,SHEN Lidu,et al.Characteristics of boundary layer structure during a persistent haze event in the Central Liaoning City cluster,northeast China[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,2018,32(2):301-312．
[21]ZHENG Mei,SALMON L G,SCHAUER J J,et al.Seasonal trends in PM2.5source contributions in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(22):3967-3976．
[22]SILVA R A,WEST J J,ZHANG Y,et al.Global premature mortality due to anthropogenic outdoor air pollution and the contribution of past climate change[J].Environmental Research Letters,2013,8(3):1-11．
[23]YAO Wanxiang,ZHANG Chunxiao,WANG Xiao,et al.The research of new daily diffuse solar radiation models modified by air quality index(AQI)in the region with heavy fog and haze[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2017,139:140-150．
[24]伯鑫，王刚，田军，等．AERMOD模型地表参数标准化集成系统研究[J]．中国环境科学，2015,35(9):2570-2575.BO Xin,WANG Gang,TIAN Jun,et al.Standard systems of surface parmeters in AERMOD[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(9):2570-2575．
[25]伯鑫，丁峰，徐鹤，等．大气扩散CALPUFF模型技术综述[J]．环境监测管理与技术，2009,21(3):9-13.BO Xin,DING Feng,XU He,et al.Review of atmospheric diffusion spersion model CALPUFF technology[J].The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2009,21(3):9-13．
[26]MA Jianzhong,XU Xiaobin,ZHAO Chunsheng,et al.A review of atmospheric chemistry research in China:photochemical smog,haze pollution,and gas-aerosol interactions[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2012,29(5):1006-1026．
[27]叶霞，王剑，刘伟，等．沧州市郊大气PM10浓度变化特征分析[J]．环境化学，2013,32(8):1588-1589.YE Xia,WANG Jian,LIU Wei,et al.Characteristic analysis of PM10concentration in the suburbs of Cangzhou[J].Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(8):1588-1589．
[28]李明华，陈芳丽，甘泉，等.2013-2016年惠州市大气颗粒物质量浓度变化特征和典型污染过程分析[J]．气象与环境科学，2019,42(2):90-94.LI Minghua,CHEN Fangli,GAN Quan,et al.Variation characteristics of particular matter concentration and typical pollution processes during 2013-2016 in Huizhou City[J].Meteorological and Environmental Sciences,2019,42(2):90-94．
[29]姚青，刘敬乐，蔡子颖，等．天津大气稳定度和逆温特征对PM2.5污染的影响[J]．中国环境科学，2018,38(8):2865-2872.YAO Qing,LIU Jingle,CAI Ziying,et al.Atmospheric stability and inverse temperature characteristics of Tianjin and its effect on PM2.5pollution[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(8):2865-2872．
[30]TAO Jun,ZHANG Leiming,HO K,et al.Impact of PM2.5chemical compositions on aerosol light scattering in Guangzhou:the largest megacity in South China[J].Atmospheric Research,2014,135136:48-58．
[31]LI Xinghua,HE Kebin,LI Chengcai,et al.PM2.5mass,chemical composition,and light extinction before and during the 2008 Beijing Olympics[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2013,118(21):158-167．
[32]LIN Yanfen,HUANG Kan,ZHUANG Guoshun,et al.A multi-year evolution of aerosol chemistry impacting visibility and haze formation over an eastern Asia megacity,Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Environment,2014,92:76-86．
[33]刘娜，余晔，何建军，等．兰州冬季大气污染来源分析[J]．环境科学研究，2015,28(4):509-515.LIU Na,YU Ye,HE Jianjun,et al.Analysis of air pollutant transport in winter in Lanzhou[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2015,28(4):509-515.
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