国家屏障区生态系统服务权衡与协同
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摘要
对不同服务间存在的此消彼长的权衡关系和相互增益的协同关系的正确认知,是开展多种生态系统服务可持续管理决策的前提。2018年国家重点专项"典型脆弱生态修复与保护研究"中明确指出要优化"两屏三带"生态系统服务格局,而服务的优化离不开对权衡与协同关系的准确认知。因此,在国家尺度上开展国家屏障区生态系统服务权衡与协同研究具有重要性和迫切性。本文采用RUSLE模型、CASA模型和InVEST产水模型分别评估国家屏障区2000—2015年土壤保持、固碳和产水服务的空间分布格局,并分析三种服务的变化趋势,采用相关分析法和均方根偏差法量化不同服务在各子屏障带整体和空间上的权衡与协同关系。结论如下:①国家屏障区的三项服务在空间上均呈现由东南向西北减少的格局,而在时间上,土壤保持与产水显著增加(p<0.05),增加量分别为20.64 t/(km~2·a)和4.13mm/a,而固碳呈现微弱的上升趋势(p=0.96),服务的提升有利于保障国家生态安全。②在各子屏障带整体上,土壤保持、固碳及产水间相关系数基本大于0(p<0.05),表明三者以协同为主;而在空间上,两两服务间的权衡与协同关系存在着极强的空间异质性,如东北森林带固碳与产水、固碳与土壤保持的权衡关系像元比例分别达49%和27%,且均集中在北部。因此,在进行生态环境建设时,需要同时考虑到整体与局部空间的服务权衡与协同关系的不同,以制定更为合理的生态保护政策。
The better understanding of the trade-off and synergy relationship between different services is the foundation for the sustainable management of decision-making of various ecosystem services. In 2018, the national key special project titled as "Typical fragile ecological restoration and protection research"clearly pointed out that it was necessary to optimize the ecosystem services pattern of"Two ecological barriers and three shelters", and the optimization of services is inseparable from the accurate understanding of trade-offs and synergies. Therefore, it is important and urgent to carry out trade-offs and synergies research in National Barrier Zone ecosystem services on a national scale. In this paper, the RUSLE model,CASA model and InVEST water yield model were used to evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of soil conservation, carbon sequestration and water yield services in the National Barrier Zone during 2000-2015, and to analyze the trends of the three ecosystem services.Correlation analysis and root mean square deviation were used to quantify the trade-offs and synergies between different services in the overall aspect and spatial aspect of each sub-barrier zone. The conclusions are as follows:(1) The spatial pattern of three ecosystem services of National Barrier Zone decreased from southeast to northwest and temporally, soil retention and water yield increased significantly with slope of 20.64 t/(km~2· a) and 4.13 mm/a, respectively.Carbon sequestration showed a slight upward trend(p=0.96). The promotion of services is significantly helpful to the protection of national ecological security.(2) The correlation coefficient among soil retention, carbon sequestration and water production was greater than 0,indicating that the three ecosystem services were synergistic in all sub-barrier zones. Spatially,there is a strong heterogeneity between the trade-offs and synergies, and it is found that the pixel ratio of trade-off between carbon sequestration and water production is 49%, while that between carbon sequestration and soil retention is 27% in the forest barrier of Northeast China.Therefore, it is highly recommended to consider the differences of services in the trade-off relationship among all the sub-barrier zones and spatial areas to make the policy for the construction of sustainable ecological environment.
The better understanding of the trade-off and synergy relationship between different services is the foundation for the sustainable management of decision-making of various ecosystem services. In 2018, the national key special project titled as "Typical fragile ecological restoration and protection research"clearly pointed out that it was necessary to optimize the ecosystem services pattern of"Two ecological barriers and three shelters", and the optimization of services is inseparable from the accurate understanding of trade-offs and synergies. Therefore, it is important and urgent to carry out trade-offs and synergies research in National Barrier Zone ecosystem services on a national scale. In this paper, the RUSLE model,CASA model and InVEST water yield model were used to evaluate the spatial distribution pattern of soil conservation, carbon sequestration and water yield services in the National Barrier Zone during 2000-2015, and to analyze the trends of the three ecosystem services.Correlation analysis and root mean square deviation were used to quantify the trade-offs and synergies between different services in the overall aspect and spatial aspect of each sub-barrier zone. The conclusions are as follows:(1) The spatial pattern of three ecosystem services of National Barrier Zone decreased from southeast to northwest and temporally, soil retention and water yield increased significantly with slope of 20.64 t/(km~2· a) and 4.13 mm/a, respectively.Carbon sequestration showed a slight upward trend(p=0.96). The promotion of services is significantly helpful to the protection of national ecological security.(2) The correlation coefficient among soil retention, carbon sequestration and water production was greater than 0,indicating that the three ecosystem services were synergistic in all sub-barrier zones. Spatially,there is a strong heterogeneity between the trade-offs and synergies, and it is found that the pixel ratio of trade-off between carbon sequestration and water production is 49%, while that between carbon sequestration and soil retention is 27% in the forest barrier of Northeast China.Therefore, it is highly recommended to consider the differences of services in the trade-off relationship among all the sub-barrier zones and spatial areas to make the policy for the construction of sustainable ecological environment.
引文
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[13]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究,2017,36(3):407-4019.[Peng Jian,Zhao Huijuan,Liu Yanxu,et al.Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction.Geographical Research,2017,16(3):407-419.]
[14]王晓峰,尹礼唱,张园.关于生态屏障若干问题的探讨.生态环境学报,2016,25(12):2035-2040.[Wang Xiaofeng,Yin Lichang,Zhang Yuan.Discussion on some issues of ecological barrier.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(12):2035-2040.]
[15]Hijmans RJ,Cameron SE,Parra JL,et al.Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas.International Journal of Climatology,2005,25(2):1965-1978.
[16]Zhang LW,Fu BJ,Lu YH,et al.Balancing multiple ecosystem services in conservation priority setting.Landscape Ecology,2015,30(3):535-46.
[17]Allen RG,Pereira LS,Raes D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration.Guidelines for Computing Crop Water RequirementsFAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56.Rome:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,1998:15-19.
[18]Yin Y,Wu S,Zheng D,et al.Radiation calibration of FAO56 Penman-Monteith model to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration in China.Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(1):77-84.
[19]Peng J,Shen H,Wu WH,et al.Net primary productivity(NPP)dynamics and associated urbanization driving forces in metropolitan areas:A case study in Beijing City,China.Landscape Ecology,2016,31(5):1077-1092.
[20]Jopke C,Kreyling J,Maes J,et al.Interactions among ecosystem services across Europe:Bagplots and cumulative correlation coefficients reveal synergies,trade-offs,and regional patterns.Ecological Indicators,2015,49(49):46-52.
[21]刘焱序,徐光,姜洪源,等.东北林区生态系统服务与健康协同分析.地理科学进展,2015,34(6):761-771.[Liu Yanxu,Xu Guang,Jiang Hongyuan,et al.Synergy between ecosystem services and ecosystem health in the forest area of Northeast China.Progress in Geography,2015,34(6):761-771.]
[22]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男.关中盆地生态服务权衡与协同时空差异.资源科学,2016,38(11):2127-2136.[Sun Yijie,Ren Zhiyuan,Zhao Shengnan.Patial-temporal difference analysis of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy in the Guanzhong Basin of China.Resources Science,2016,38(11):2127-2136.]
[23]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男,等.陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析.地理学报,2017,72(3):521-532.[Sun Yijie,Ren Zhiyuan,Zhao Shengnan,et al.Spatial and temporal changing analysis of synergy and trade-off between ecosystem services in valley basins of Shaanxi Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):521-532.]
[24]傅伯杰,于丹丹.生态系统服务权衡与集成方法.资源科学,2016,38(1):1-9.[Fu Bojie,Yu Dandan.Trade-off analyses and synthetic integrated method of multiple ecosystem services.Resources Science,2016,38(1):1-9.]
[25]Bradford JB,D'Amato AW.Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2012,10(4):210-216.
[2]李双成,张才玉,刘金龙,等.生态系统服务权衡与协同研究进展及地理学研究议题.地理研究,2013,32(8):1379-1390.[Li Shuangcheng,Zhang Caiyu,Liu Jinlong,et al.The tradeoffs and synergies of ecosystem services:Research progress,development trend,and themes of geography.Geographical Research,2013,32(8):1379-1390.]
[3]Rodriguez JP,Beard TD,Bennett EM,et al.Trade-offs across space,time,and ecosystem services.Ecology and Society,2006,11(1):28.
[4]彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,等.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策.地理学报,2017,72(6):960-73.[Peng Jian,Hu Xiaoxu,Zhao Mingyue,et al.Research progress on ecosystem service trade-offs:From cognition to decision-making.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(6):960-973.]
[5]Fu BJ,Wang S,Liu Y,et al.Hydrogeomorphic ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic changes in the Loess Plateau of China.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,2017,45:223-243.
[6]戴尔阜,王晓莉,朱建佳,等.生态系统服务权衡:方法、模型与研究框架.地理研究,2016,35(6):1005-1016.[Dai Erfu,Wang Xiaoli,Zhu Jianjia,et al.Methods,tools and research framework of ecosystem service trade-offs.Geographical Research,2016,35(6):1005-1016.]
[7]Barnett A,Fargione J,Smith M P.Mapping trade-offs in ecosystem services from reforestation in the mississippi alluvial valley.Bioscience,2016,66(3):223-37.
[8]王鹏涛,张立伟,李英杰,等.汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征.地理学报,2017,72(11):2064-2078.[Wang Pengtao,Zhang Liwei,Li Yingjie,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics of the trade-off and synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River Basin.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(11):2064-2078.]
[9]Jia XQ,Fu BJ,Feng XM,et al.The tradeoff and synergy between ecosystem services in the Grain-for-Green areas in Northern Shaanxi,China.Ecological Indicators,2014,43:103-13.
[10]武文欢,彭建,刘焱序,等.鄂尔多斯市生态系统服务权衡与协同分析.地理科学进展,2017,36(12):1571-1581.[Wu Wenhuan,Peng Jian,Liu Yanxu,et al.Tradeoffs and synergies between ecosystem services in Ordos city.Progress in Geography,2017,36(12):1571-1581.]
[11]杨晓楠,李晶,秦克玉,等.关中-天水经济区生态系统服务的权衡关系.地理学报,2015,70(11):1762-1773.[Yang Xiaonan,Li Jing,Qin Keyu,et al.Trade-offs between ecosystem services in Guanzhong-Tianshui economic region.Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(11):1762-1773.]
[12]傅伯杰,王晓峰,冯晓明.国家屏障区生态系统评估.北京:科学出版社,2016:271-345.[Fu Bojie,Wang Xiaofeng,Feng Xiaoming.National Barrier Zone Ecosystem Assessment.Beijing:Science Press,2016:271-345.]
[13]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望.地理研究,2017,36(3):407-4019.[Peng Jian,Zhao Huijuan,Liu Yanxu,et al.Research progress and prospect on regional ecological security pattern construction.Geographical Research,2017,16(3):407-419.]
[14]王晓峰,尹礼唱,张园.关于生态屏障若干问题的探讨.生态环境学报,2016,25(12):2035-2040.[Wang Xiaofeng,Yin Lichang,Zhang Yuan.Discussion on some issues of ecological barrier.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(12):2035-2040.]
[15]Hijmans RJ,Cameron SE,Parra JL,et al.Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas.International Journal of Climatology,2005,25(2):1965-1978.
[16]Zhang LW,Fu BJ,Lu YH,et al.Balancing multiple ecosystem services in conservation priority setting.Landscape Ecology,2015,30(3):535-46.
[17]Allen RG,Pereira LS,Raes D,et al.Crop Evapotranspiration.Guidelines for Computing Crop Water RequirementsFAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56.Rome:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,1998:15-19.
[18]Yin Y,Wu S,Zheng D,et al.Radiation calibration of FAO56 Penman-Monteith model to estimate reference crop evapotranspiration in China.Agricultural Water Management,2008,95(1):77-84.
[19]Peng J,Shen H,Wu WH,et al.Net primary productivity(NPP)dynamics and associated urbanization driving forces in metropolitan areas:A case study in Beijing City,China.Landscape Ecology,2016,31(5):1077-1092.
[20]Jopke C,Kreyling J,Maes J,et al.Interactions among ecosystem services across Europe:Bagplots and cumulative correlation coefficients reveal synergies,trade-offs,and regional patterns.Ecological Indicators,2015,49(49):46-52.
[21]刘焱序,徐光,姜洪源,等.东北林区生态系统服务与健康协同分析.地理科学进展,2015,34(6):761-771.[Liu Yanxu,Xu Guang,Jiang Hongyuan,et al.Synergy between ecosystem services and ecosystem health in the forest area of Northeast China.Progress in Geography,2015,34(6):761-771.]
[22]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男.关中盆地生态服务权衡与协同时空差异.资源科学,2016,38(11):2127-2136.[Sun Yijie,Ren Zhiyuan,Zhao Shengnan.Patial-temporal difference analysis of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy in the Guanzhong Basin of China.Resources Science,2016,38(11):2127-2136.]
[23]孙艺杰,任志远,赵胜男,等.陕西河谷盆地生态系统服务协同与权衡时空差异分析.地理学报,2017,72(3):521-532.[Sun Yijie,Ren Zhiyuan,Zhao Shengnan,et al.Spatial and temporal changing analysis of synergy and trade-off between ecosystem services in valley basins of Shaanxi Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(3):521-532.]
[24]傅伯杰,于丹丹.生态系统服务权衡与集成方法.资源科学,2016,38(1):1-9.[Fu Bojie,Yu Dandan.Trade-off analyses and synthetic integrated method of multiple ecosystem services.Resources Science,2016,38(1):1-9.]
[25]Bradford JB,D'Amato AW.Recognizing trade-offs in multi-objective land management.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2012,10(4):210-216.
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