燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发技术进展与应用
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摘要
自"水污染防治行动计划(水十条)"颁布以来,燃煤电厂脱硫废水零排放已逐渐成为电厂深度减排、污染物深度治理的必然要求。脱硫废水烟气蒸发技术具有工艺简单、安全可靠、投资及运行成本低等优势,逐渐成为主流技术。燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发技术主要分为3类:低温烟道蒸发、高温旁路烟气蒸发、低温烟气余热浓缩减量,其中高温烟气蒸发又可分为旁路蒸发塔蒸发和旁路烟道蒸发2种技术路线。同时,对电厂烟气蒸发能力进行了核算,论述了脱硫废水烟气蒸发技术的研究进展与应用现状,并深入分析了各烟气蒸发技术的工艺特性、优缺点及其适用范围。研究表明,燃煤电厂的烟气蒸发能力极强,可以作为脱硫废水零排放的热源。另外,低温烟道蒸发因其易受锅炉负荷影响,适用度不高,未来烟气蒸发技术的研究重点是低温烟气余热浓缩结合高温旁路蒸发或低温烟气余热浓缩结合水泥化固定。
Since the "Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" was promulgated,the zero-liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants has become an inevitable requirement for the deep wastewater treatment in power plants.Due to it simple process,higher safety &reliability and low investment and cost,evaporation technology using flue gas has become a main one in this field.Investigating the existing technologies,the flue gas evaporation technolog can be divided into three types: low-temperature flue evaporation,bypass high-temperature flue gas evaporation,and concentration and decrement using flue gas waste heat.The evaporation capacity of flue gas was calculated,the research progress of desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology was reviewed,and the process characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each evaporation technology were analyzed deeply.It can be seen that flue gas evaporation capacity of coal-fired power plants is extremely strong and can be used as heat source for zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater.What’s more,low temperature flue evaporation is not suitable due to its vulnerability of boiler load,the combination of concentration and decrement using flue gas waste heat with high temperature evaporation or solidification is one of research directions in future.This paper responds to the national policy actively,provides a reference for selection of zero-liquid discharge technologies in coal-fired power plants and has important practical significance and application value.
Since the "Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution" was promulgated,the zero-liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater from coal-fired power plants has become an inevitable requirement for the deep wastewater treatment in power plants.Due to it simple process,higher safety &reliability and low investment and cost,evaporation technology using flue gas has become a main one in this field.Investigating the existing technologies,the flue gas evaporation technolog can be divided into three types: low-temperature flue evaporation,bypass high-temperature flue gas evaporation,and concentration and decrement using flue gas waste heat.The evaporation capacity of flue gas was calculated,the research progress of desulfurization wastewater evaporation technology was reviewed,and the process characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of each evaporation technology were analyzed deeply.It can be seen that flue gas evaporation capacity of coal-fired power plants is extremely strong and can be used as heat source for zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater.What’s more,low temperature flue evaporation is not suitable due to its vulnerability of boiler load,the combination of concentration and decrement using flue gas waste heat with high temperature evaporation or solidification is one of research directions in future.This paper responds to the national policy actively,provides a reference for selection of zero-liquid discharge technologies in coal-fired power plants and has important practical significance and application value.
引文
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[13]马双忱,温佳琪,万忠诚,等.中国燃煤电厂脱硫废水处理技术研究进展及标准修订建议[J].洁净煤技术,2017,23(4):18-28.MA Shuangchen,WEN Jiaqi,WAN Zhongcheng,et al.Treatment progress and standard modification suggestion for FGD wastewater from coal-fire power plants in China[J].Clean Coal Technology,2017,23(4):18-28.
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[18]冉景煜,张志荣.不同物性液滴在低温烟气中的蒸发特性数值研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(26):62-68.RAN Jingyu,ZHANG Zhirong.Numerical study on evaporation characteristics of different substance droplet in low temperature flue gas[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(26):62-68.
[19]张子敬,汪建文,高艺,等.燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发特性流场模拟[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):678-683.ZHANG Zijing,WANG Jianwen,GAO Yi,et al.Flow field simulation of smoke and gas evaporation characteristics of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):678-683.
[20]袁伟中,刘春红,童小忠,等.燃煤锅炉采用烟气旁路干燥技术实现脱硫废水零排放[J].电力科技与环保,2017,33(3):18-21.YUAN weizhong,LIU Chunhong,TONG Xiaozhong,et al.Coalfired boiler flue gas bypass drying technology to achieve zero liquid discharge of desulfurization water[J].Electric Power Environmental Protection,2017,33(3):18-21.
[21]贾绍广,黄凯,吴从越,等.蒸发塔处理脱硫废水的热量衡算[J].热力发电,2017,46(2):61-66.JIA Shaoguang,HUANG Kai,WU Congyue,et al.Heat balance of evaporation tower for FGD wastewater treatment[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(2):61-66.
[22]崔琳,沈鲁光,杨敦峰,等.中温烟气蒸发脱硫废水干燥过程及产物特性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1877-1883.CUI Lin,SHEN Luguang,YANG Dunfeng,et al.Drying properties and product characteristics of desulfutization wastewater evaporation by medium-temperature flue gas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1877-1883.
[23]马双忱,柴晋,贾绍广,等.脱硫废水水质调节对金属腐蚀及高温氯挥发的影响[J].动力工程学报,2018,38(3):231-236.MA Shuangchen,CHAI Jin,JIA Shaoguang,et al.Effects of FGDwaste water conditioning on metal corrosion and high-temperature chlorine valorization[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2018,38(3):231-236.
[24]MA Shuangchen,CHAI Jin,WU Kai,et al.Experimental research on bypass evaporation tower technology for zero liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater[J].Environmental Technology,2018,10:1-32.
[25]洪永强,陈桂芳,马春元,等.湿法脱硫废水液柱蒸发特性[J].化工进展,2017,36(7):2698-2706.HONG Yongqiang,CHEN Guifang,MA Chunyuan,et al.The evaporation characteristics of wet desulfurization wastewater in liquid column form[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36(7):2698-2706.
[2]BROGREN C,KARLSSON H T.The impact of the electrical potential gradient on limestone dissolution under wet flue gas desulfurization conditions[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1997,52(18):3101-3106.
[3]US EPA.Pilot plant tests of chloride ion effects on wet FGD system performance[R].US:USEPA,1984.
[4]CóRDOBA P.Status of flue gas desulfurization(FGD)systems from coal-fired power plants:Overview of the physic-chemical control processes of wet limestone FGDs[J].Fuel,2015,144:274-286.
[5]KIIL S,NYGAARD H,JOHNSSON J E.Simulation studies of the influence of HCl absorption on the performance of a wet flue gas desulfurization pilot plant[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2002,57(3):347-354.
[6]HUANG Y H,PEDDI P K,TANG C,et al.Hybrid zero-valent iron process for removing heavy metals and nitrate from flue-gas-desulfurization wastewater[J].Separation&Purification Technology,2013,118:690-698.
[7]HUANG Y H,PEDDI P K,ZENG H,et al.Pilot-scale demonstration of the hybrid zero-valent iron process for treating flue-gasdesulfurization wastewater:part I[J].Water Science&Technology,2013,67(2):239-246.
[8]CUI L,LI G,LI Y,et al.Electrolysis-electrodialysis process for removing chloride ion in wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater(DW):Influencing factors and energy consumption analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Research&Design,2017,123:240-247.
[9]NA Y,FEI L,ZHONG Z,et al.Integrated membrane process for the treatment of desulfurization wastewater[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2010,49(7):3337-3341.
[10]中华人民共和国环境保护部.国务院关于印发水污染防治行动计划的通知[EB/OL].(2015-04-16).http://zfs.mep.gov.cn/fg/gwyw/201504/t20150416_299146.htm.
[11]HOQUE S,ALEXANDER T,GURIAN P L.Innovative technologies increase evaporation pond efficiency[J].Ida.Journal of Desalination&Water Reuse,2010,2(1):72-78.
[12]任丹丹,冯罗澍,陈颖.大型燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气利用技术研究[J].浙江电力,2018,37(3):82-85.REN Dandan,FENG Luoshu,CHEN Ying.Large coal-fired power plant flue gas desulfurization wastewater utilization technology research[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2018,37(3):82-85.
[13]马双忱,温佳琪,万忠诚,等.中国燃煤电厂脱硫废水处理技术研究进展及标准修订建议[J].洁净煤技术,2017,23(4):18-28.MA Shuangchen,WEN Jiaqi,WAN Zhongcheng,et al.Treatment progress and standard modification suggestion for FGD wastewater from coal-fire power plants in China[J].Clean Coal Technology,2017,23(4):18-28.
[14]HONJO S,UKAI N,KAGAWA S,et al.MHI wet-FGD waste water treatment technologies[C]//Air and Waste Management Association-8th Power Plant Air Pollutant Control,Mega Symposium 2010.Maryland,USA:[s.n.],2010:1395-1429.
[15]MOSTI C,CENCI V.ZLD systems applied to ENEL coal-fired power plants[J].Vgb.Powertech,2012,92:69-73.
[16]MA S,CHAI J,CHEN G,et al.Research on desulfurization wastewater evaporation:Present and future perspectives[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:1143-1151.
[17]中华人民共和国环境保护部.火电厂污染防治最佳可行性技术指南[EB/OL].(2017-06-01).http://kjs.mep.gov.cn/hjbhbz/bzwb/wrfzjszc/201706/t20170609_415755.shtml.
[18]冉景煜,张志荣.不同物性液滴在低温烟气中的蒸发特性数值研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(26):62-68.RAN Jingyu,ZHANG Zhirong.Numerical study on evaporation characteristics of different substance droplet in low temperature flue gas[J].Proceeding of the CSEE,2010,30(26):62-68.
[19]张子敬,汪建文,高艺,等.燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发特性流场模拟[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(3):678-683.ZHANG Zijing,WANG Jianwen,GAO Yi,et al.Flow field simulation of smoke and gas evaporation characteristics of desulfurization wastewater in coal-fired power plant[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(3):678-683.
[20]袁伟中,刘春红,童小忠,等.燃煤锅炉采用烟气旁路干燥技术实现脱硫废水零排放[J].电力科技与环保,2017,33(3):18-21.YUAN weizhong,LIU Chunhong,TONG Xiaozhong,et al.Coalfired boiler flue gas bypass drying technology to achieve zero liquid discharge of desulfurization water[J].Electric Power Environmental Protection,2017,33(3):18-21.
[21]贾绍广,黄凯,吴从越,等.蒸发塔处理脱硫废水的热量衡算[J].热力发电,2017,46(2):61-66.JIA Shaoguang,HUANG Kai,WU Congyue,et al.Heat balance of evaporation tower for FGD wastewater treatment[J].Thermal Power Generation,2017,46(2):61-66.
[22]崔琳,沈鲁光,杨敦峰,等.中温烟气蒸发脱硫废水干燥过程及产物特性分析[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(7):1877-1883.CUI Lin,SHEN Luguang,YANG Dunfeng,et al.Drying properties and product characteristics of desulfutization wastewater evaporation by medium-temperature flue gas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(7):1877-1883.
[23]马双忱,柴晋,贾绍广,等.脱硫废水水质调节对金属腐蚀及高温氯挥发的影响[J].动力工程学报,2018,38(3):231-236.MA Shuangchen,CHAI Jin,JIA Shaoguang,et al.Effects of FGDwaste water conditioning on metal corrosion and high-temperature chlorine valorization[J].Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering,2018,38(3):231-236.
[24]MA Shuangchen,CHAI Jin,WU Kai,et al.Experimental research on bypass evaporation tower technology for zero liquid discharge of desulfurization wastewater[J].Environmental Technology,2018,10:1-32.
[25]洪永强,陈桂芳,马春元,等.湿法脱硫废水液柱蒸发特性[J].化工进展,2017,36(7):2698-2706.HONG Yongqiang,CHEN Guifang,MA Chunyuan,et al.The evaporation characteristics of wet desulfurization wastewater in liquid column form[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2017,36(7):2698-2706.
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