矩形网格道路多模式公交线网布局优化研究
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摘要
针对公交线网覆盖不合理、运行成本高等一系列问题,对快速公交与地面常规公交两种公共交通出行方式进行分类讨论,认为对城市道路网络多模式公交线网进行优化势在必行。通过对矩形城市空间形状进行分析,兼顾道路网络结构特征,构建了以公交运行成本最小、居民平均出行时间最少为优化目标的多目标公交线网优化模型;选取中山市主城区作为研究对象,结合实际调研数据得到乘车时间、换乘损失时间、候车时间等关键参数,运用MATLAB仿真软件对优化模型进行求解,给出不同居民平均出行距离下中山市公交站点的横向线路、纵向线路间距的建议值。研究表明:通过模型优化使得居民平均出行时间由39 min减少至36.5 min,减少了6%,公交运行成本降低了12.7%;该优化模型可以为矩型道路网城市的公交线网优化提供参考与依据。
In order to solve a series of problems such as unreasonable coverage and high operation cost of public transportation network,two modes of public transport,namely,rapid transit and ground conventional transit were classified and discussed. Therefore,it was imperative to optimize the multi-mode bus network of urban road network. By analyzing the spatial shape of rectangular city and considering the structural characteristics of road network structure,a multi-objective optimization model of public traffic network was constructed,which aimed at minimizing the operation cost of public transport and the average travel time of residents. Taking the main urban area of Zhongshan city as the research object,the key parameters,such as travel time,transfer loss time and waiting time,were obtained based on the actual survey data. The proposed optimization model was solved by using MATLAB simulation software. Suggested values of horizontal and longitudinal distance between bus stops in Zhongshan City under different average travel distances of different residents were given. The study shows that through the model optimization,the average travel time of residents is reduced from 39 minutes to 36.5 minutes,which reduces by 6%,and the cost of bus operation is reduced by 12.7%. The proposed optimization model can provide reference and basis for the optimization of public transport network in rectangular road network cities.
In order to solve a series of problems such as unreasonable coverage and high operation cost of public transportation network,two modes of public transport,namely,rapid transit and ground conventional transit were classified and discussed. Therefore,it was imperative to optimize the multi-mode bus network of urban road network. By analyzing the spatial shape of rectangular city and considering the structural characteristics of road network structure,a multi-objective optimization model of public traffic network was constructed,which aimed at minimizing the operation cost of public transport and the average travel time of residents. Taking the main urban area of Zhongshan city as the research object,the key parameters,such as travel time,transfer loss time and waiting time,were obtained based on the actual survey data. The proposed optimization model was solved by using MATLAB simulation software. Suggested values of horizontal and longitudinal distance between bus stops in Zhongshan City under different average travel distances of different residents were given. The study shows that through the model optimization,the average travel time of residents is reduced from 39 minutes to 36.5 minutes,which reduces by 6%,and the cost of bus operation is reduced by 12.7%. The proposed optimization model can provide reference and basis for the optimization of public transport network in rectangular road network cities.
引文
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[11]周高卫,罗霞.多式综合公交系统线网布局优化模型及仿真[J].计算机应用研究,2013,30(4):1035-1037.ZHOU Gaowei,LUO Xia,Network layout optimization model of multi-modal comprehensive public transit system and simulation[J].Application Research of Computers,2013,30(4):1035-1037.
[12]CHAKOUR V,ELURU N. Examining the influence of urban form and land use on bus ridership in montreal[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,104:875-884.
[13]王思忠.浅谈城市路网规划布局设计[J].现代城市研究,2003(增刊2):10-13.WANG Sizhong. Overall arrangement and design of urban road network[J].Modern Urban Research,2003(Sup2):10-13.
[14]王振报,陈艳艳,杨旌.多模式公共交通线网整合规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.WANG Zhenbao,CHEN Yanyan,YANG Jing. Integration Planning for Multimodal Public Transport Network[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.
[2]GUTIRREZ-JARPA G,OBREQUE C,LAPORTE G,et al. Rapid transit network design for optimal cost and origin-destination demand capture[J].Computers&Operations Research,2013,40(12):3000-3009.
[3]胡继华,高立晓,梁嘉贤.一种多目标的公交线网规划模型[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2017,36(12):102-109.HU Jihua,GAO Lixiao,LIANG Jiaxian. A multi-objective public transit network planning model[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2017,36(12):102-109.
[4]靳文舟,韩博文,郝小妮,等.基于小波神经网络的定制公交目标乘客出行意愿预测[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2018,37(8):81-87.JIN Wenzhou,HAN Bowen,HAO Xiaoni,et al. Prediction of target passengers'travel intention of customized public transport based on wavelet neural network[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2018,37(8):81-87.
[5]蔡文学,陈广文,罗伟海.基于多源数据的精确公交出行时间自动计算[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(3):122-126.CAI Wenxue,CHEN Guangwen,LUO Weihai. Accurate bus travel time automatic calculation based on multi-source data[J]. Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Science),2015,34(3):122-126.
[6]YAO B,HU P,LU X,et al. Transit network design based on travel time reliability[J].Transportation Research Part C,2014,43:233-248.
[7]寇伟彬,陈旭梅.面向城市布局形态的公交线网设计及其发展[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2016,48(9):1-6.KOU Weibin,CHEN Xumei. Transit network design based on the city layout and its development[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2016,48(9):1-6.
[8]王振报,陈艳艳.方格型城市多模式公交线网关键设计参数优化[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2014,14(6):176-181.WANG Zhenbao, CHEN Yanyan, Optimization for key design parameters of multi-modal public transport network on grid urban structure[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology,2014,14(6):176-181.
[9] ESTRADA M,ROCA-RIU M,BADIA H,et al. Design and implementation of efficient transit networks:procedure,case study and validity test[J].Transportation Research Part A,2011,45(9):935-950.
[10] BADIA H, ESTRADA M, ROBUSTF. Competitive transit network design in cities with radial street patterns[J].Transportation Research Part B,2014,59(1):161-181.
[11]周高卫,罗霞.多式综合公交系统线网布局优化模型及仿真[J].计算机应用研究,2013,30(4):1035-1037.ZHOU Gaowei,LUO Xia,Network layout optimization model of multi-modal comprehensive public transit system and simulation[J].Application Research of Computers,2013,30(4):1035-1037.
[12]CHAKOUR V,ELURU N. Examining the influence of urban form and land use on bus ridership in montreal[J]. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,104:875-884.
[13]王思忠.浅谈城市路网规划布局设计[J].现代城市研究,2003(增刊2):10-13.WANG Sizhong. Overall arrangement and design of urban road network[J].Modern Urban Research,2003(Sup2):10-13.
[14]王振报,陈艳艳,杨旌.多模式公共交通线网整合规划[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2016.WANG Zhenbao,CHEN Yanyan,YANG Jing. Integration Planning for Multimodal Public Transport Network[M]. Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2016.
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