新烟碱类及其他稻田杀虫剂对褐飞虱的室内药效评价
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摘要
【目的】系统评价市场上常用杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的作用特性,为选择对口药剂进行防治提供依据。【方法】采用稻苗浸渍法,在室内条件下测定了9种新烟碱类药剂和10种其他类型杀虫剂对褐飞虱不同虫态的杀虫活性、速效性和持效性。【结果】1)杀虫活性:不同杀虫剂活性存在显著差异。其中,烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、毒死蜱、氟啶虫胺腈、呋虫胺和环氧虫啶活性最好,其次为哒嗪硫磷、乙基多杀菌素、吡蚜酮、异丙威,阿维菌素;其余药剂中噻虫嗪、甲维盐、氟啶虫酰胺对2～3龄若虫有一定活性而对4～5龄虫活性差,噻嗪酮、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、啶虫脒、氯噻啉对两种虫态的活性均较差。2)速效性:毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷的速效性最好,异丙威、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺等次之,吡蚜酮最差。3)持效性:吡蚜酮、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶持效期>15d,其中吡蚜酮最好,药后0、5和10 d连续3批接的试虫死亡率无显著差异。4)成虫:呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、毒死蜱、异丙威、吡蚜酮对雌雄成虫均有效,类似于若虫。5)卵:毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和噻虫胺对卵及孵化的若虫均有效;吡蚜酮、环氧虫啶、异丙威等无明显杀卵活性,但吡蚜酮对孵化若虫有较好的杀虫活性。【结论】19种药剂中,适于褐飞虱防治的有吡蚜酮、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、噻虫胺、环氧虫啶、氟啶虫胺腈、毒死蜱、哒嗪硫磷、异丙威共9种。其中,吡蚜酮持效性最佳且对卵之外各虫态活性较好,但速效性最差。呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、噻虫胺和环氧虫啶等的速效性、持效性均较突出,且前三者对各虫态均有效。氟啶虫胺腈杀虫活性和速效性均好,但持效性差于新烟碱类。毒死蜱和哒嗪硫磷可单独或在防治其他害虫时兼防治褐飞虱,其中毒死蜱速效性最好,适合于大虫量时快速压低虫量。异丙威杀虫活性弱于新烟碱类,但速效性强于新烟碱类药剂,适合与吡蚜酮等混用或复配。此外,用于鳞翅目害虫防治的乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素、甲维盐对褐飞虱有一定活性,适合防治其他害虫时兼治褐飞虱。而其余药剂如吡虫啉、噻嗪酮、噻虫嗪等7种药剂不适用于褐飞虱的防治。
【Objective】 Bioactivity assessment of mainstream insecticides against the brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)] was conducted to choose proper insecticide(s) in field conditions.【Method】We evaluated the bioactivities, short-term effectiveness, persistence of 9 neonicotinoid insecticides and other 10 commonly-used chemicals against BPH at various developmental stages by the rice stem-dipping method. 【Result】 1) Bioactivitiy: the bioactivities of the 19 insecticides differed significantly. Among them, nitenpyram, clothianidin, chlorpyrifos, sulfoxaflor, dinotefuran and cycloxaprid showed the best bioactivities to both 2 nd-3 rd instar and 4 th-5 th instar nymphs followed by pyridaphenthione, spinetoram, pymetrozine, isoprocarb and abamectin. However, insecticides such as thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate, flonicamid only showed some bioactivities against the 2 nd-3 rd instar nymphs but relatively weak bioactivities against the 4 th-5 th instar nymphs. And other insecticides such as buprofezin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, imidaclothiz showed low bioactivities against both nymph stages. 2)Short-term effectiveness: chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthione showed the best performance followed by isoprocarb, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin. Pymetrozine showed the slowest effectiveness. 3)Persistence: high effectiveness levels of pymetrozine, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin, cycloxaprid were maintained over 15 days. Pymetrozine was the best one, and there was no significant difference in the corrected mortalities of BPH reared on rice plants at 0, 5 and 10 days after pymetrozine treatment. 4)Bioactivities against adults: dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb, pymetrozine showed obvious bioactivities against adults as well as nymphs. 5)Ovicidal activity: chlorpyrifos, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and clothianidin had significant ovicidal activities. Pymetrozine, cycloxaprid, isoprocarb showed no ovicidal activity, but pymetrozine had insecticidal activity against newly hatched nymphs.【Conclusion】 As for the tested 19 insecticides, only 9 chemicals(pymetrozine, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, sulfoxaflor, chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthioneand isoprocarb) could be used to control BPH. Among them, pymetrozine had the worst short-term effectiveness and the best persistence and obvious bioactivity against different-stage BPH except eggs. Dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin and cycloxaprid showed good performance in short-term effectiveness and persistence, and the former three were effective to different stages of BPH. Sulfoxaflor had good bioactivity and short-term effectiveness, whose persistence was shorter than that of neonicotinoid insecticides. Either chlorpyrifos or pyridaphenthione could be applied alone or mixed with other insecticides to control BPH. The former one was suitable to cope with the BPH outbreak threat, because it showed the best short-term effectiveness. The bioactivity of isoprocarb was weaker than the neonicotinoids, but its short-term effectiveness was better, which could be used to mix with pymetrozine for pest control. Moreover, three insecticides such as spinetoram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate normally used to control lepidopteran pests also exerted the promising activities against BPH. However, other seven insecticides such as imidacloprid, buprofenzin and thiamethoxam were not appropriate for controlling BPH anymore.
【Objective】 Bioactivity assessment of mainstream insecticides against the brown planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)] was conducted to choose proper insecticide(s) in field conditions.【Method】We evaluated the bioactivities, short-term effectiveness, persistence of 9 neonicotinoid insecticides and other 10 commonly-used chemicals against BPH at various developmental stages by the rice stem-dipping method. 【Result】 1) Bioactivitiy: the bioactivities of the 19 insecticides differed significantly. Among them, nitenpyram, clothianidin, chlorpyrifos, sulfoxaflor, dinotefuran and cycloxaprid showed the best bioactivities to both 2 nd-3 rd instar and 4 th-5 th instar nymphs followed by pyridaphenthione, spinetoram, pymetrozine, isoprocarb and abamectin. However, insecticides such as thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate, flonicamid only showed some bioactivities against the 2 nd-3 rd instar nymphs but relatively weak bioactivities against the 4 th-5 th instar nymphs. And other insecticides such as buprofezin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, imidaclothiz showed low bioactivities against both nymph stages. 2)Short-term effectiveness: chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthione showed the best performance followed by isoprocarb, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin. Pymetrozine showed the slowest effectiveness. 3)Persistence: high effectiveness levels of pymetrozine, dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin, cycloxaprid were maintained over 15 days. Pymetrozine was the best one, and there was no significant difference in the corrected mortalities of BPH reared on rice plants at 0, 5 and 10 days after pymetrozine treatment. 4)Bioactivities against adults: dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, chlorpyrifos, isoprocarb, pymetrozine showed obvious bioactivities against adults as well as nymphs. 5)Ovicidal activity: chlorpyrifos, nitenpyram, dinotefuran and clothianidin had significant ovicidal activities. Pymetrozine, cycloxaprid, isoprocarb showed no ovicidal activity, but pymetrozine had insecticidal activity against newly hatched nymphs.【Conclusion】 As for the tested 19 insecticides, only 9 chemicals(pymetrozine, nitenpyram, dinotefuran, clothianidin, cycloxaprid, sulfoxaflor, chlorpyrifos, pyridaphenthioneand isoprocarb) could be used to control BPH. Among them, pymetrozine had the worst short-term effectiveness and the best persistence and obvious bioactivity against different-stage BPH except eggs. Dinotefuran, nitenpyram, clothianidin and cycloxaprid showed good performance in short-term effectiveness and persistence, and the former three were effective to different stages of BPH. Sulfoxaflor had good bioactivity and short-term effectiveness, whose persistence was shorter than that of neonicotinoid insecticides. Either chlorpyrifos or pyridaphenthione could be applied alone or mixed with other insecticides to control BPH. The former one was suitable to cope with the BPH outbreak threat, because it showed the best short-term effectiveness. The bioactivity of isoprocarb was weaker than the neonicotinoids, but its short-term effectiveness was better, which could be used to mix with pymetrozine for pest control. Moreover, three insecticides such as spinetoram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate normally used to control lepidopteran pests also exerted the promising activities against BPH. However, other seven insecticides such as imidacloprid, buprofenzin and thiamethoxam were not appropriate for controlling BPH anymore.
引文
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[2]Gurr G M,Liu J,Read D M Y,Catindig J L A,Cheng JA,Lan L P,Heong L K.Parasitoids of Asian rice planthopper(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)pests and prospects for enhancing biological control by ecological engineering.Ann Appl Biol,2011,158(2):149-76.
[3]李汝铎,丁锦华,胡国文,苏德明.褐飞虱及其种群管理.上海:复旦大学出版社,1996:239-255.Li R D,Ding J H,Hu G W,Su D M.The Brown Planthopper and Its Population Management.Shanghai:Fudan University Press,1996:239-255.(in Chinese)
[4]Zhang X,Liu X,Zhu F,Li J,You H,Lu P.Field evolution of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper(Nilaparvata lugens St?l)in China.Crop Prot,2014,58:61-6.
[5]廖世纯,韦桥现,黄所生,黄立飞,黎柳锋.16种杀虫剂对稻飞虱的田间防治效果.中国农学通报,2008(9):345-347.Liao S C,Wei Q X,Huang S S,Huang L F,Li L F.The control effect of 16 insecticides against Nilaparvata lugens.Chin Agric Sci Bull,2008(9):345-347.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]刘叙杆,赵兴华,王彦华,韦锦捷,沈晋良,孔健,曹明章,周威君,罗才宏.褐飞虱对氟虫腈和新烟碱类药剂的抗性动态变化.中国水稻科学,2010,24(1):73-80.Liu X G,Zhao X H,Wang Y H,Wei J J,Shen J L,Kong J,Cao M Z,Zhou W J,Luo C H.Dynamic changes of resistance to fipronil and neonicotinoid insecticides in brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Homoptera:Delphacidae).Chin J Rice Sci,2010,24(1):73-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]于福强,黄耀师,苏州,武恩明,王徵,于春睿.新颖杀虫剂氟啶虫胺腈.农药,2013,10:753-755.Yu F Q,Huang Y S,Su Z,Wu E M,Wang H,Yu C R.Anovel insecticides sulfoxaflor.Agrochemicals,2013,10:753-755.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘康成,刘文彬,徐嫣,梁正坤.20%呋虫胺SG防治稻褐飞虱田间药效研究.农业灾害研究,2013(9):18-20.Liu K C,Liu W B,Xu Y,Liang Z S.Research on field efficacy of 20%dinotefuran SG for contrilling brown planthopper.J Agric Catastrophol,2013(9):18-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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