土壤压实胁迫下丛枝菌根真菌对高羊茅生理生态的影响
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摘要
该试验设计4种土壤压实处理[土壤容重分别为1.2(CK_1)、1.3、1.4和1.5 g·cm~(-3)],并与压实处理前分别接种2种丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)——摩西斗管囊霉(Funneliformis mosseae,Fm)和根内根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus intraradices,Ri)组成的4个接种处理[Fm、Ri、Fm+Ri和不接种(CK_2)],共组成16个处理,分析不同处理对高羊茅(Festuca elata)品种‘艾瑞3号’的生理生态指标的影响,为AMF在压实土壤中的应用提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)高羊茅根系的菌根侵染率和菌丝密度均随土壤容重的增加而逐渐降低;与CK_1相比,在土壤容重1.5 g·cm~(-3)处理下接种Fm、Ri、Fm+Ri的高羊茅根系菌根侵染率分别显著降低了27.8%、39.8%和30.0%,菌丝密度分别显著降低43.8%、42.1%和43.8%,且在1.5 g·cm~(-3)土壤容重下,接种Fm+Ri处理的菌根侵染率和菌丝密度比单接种Fm分别提高17.3%和25.2%,比单接种Ri处理分别提高53.0%和36.3%。(2)接种AMF能有效增加土壤压实胁迫下高羊茅植株的株高、分蘖数和干物质质量,显著提高高羊茅耐受力,接种Fm+Ri处理的株高、分蘖数及干物质质量在1.5 g·cm~(-3)土壤容重下分别比未接种(CK_2)显著增加36.1%、39.5%和144.0%。(3)接种AMF能显著提高土壤压实胁迫下高羊茅根系活力以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,接种Fm+Ri处理的根系活力以及CAT活性在1.5 g·cm~(-3)土壤容重下分别是对照(CK_2)的1.4和1.5倍。(4)接种AMF能显著提高土壤压实胁迫下高羊茅叶绿素a、b以及总叶绿素含量,接种Fm+Ri处理在1.5 g·cm~(-3)土壤容重下比对照(CK_2)的上升幅度分别提高43.1%、100.0%和59.3%。(5)接种AMF能显著提高土壤压实胁迫下高羊茅叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)以及气孔导度(G_s),显著降低其叶片胞间CO_2浓度(C_i),接种Fm+Ri处理在1.5 g·cm~(-3)土壤容重下比对照(CK_2)的升降幅度分别为52.5%、33.3%、181.1%和-32.9%。综上所述,土壤压实胁迫显著抑制AMF的侵染,而共同接种Fm+Ri能显著促进AMF对根系的侵染,且共同接种处理的效果明显优于单一接种;AMF可通过增强高羊茅根系活力、降低氧化胁迫造成的伤害、提高植物叶绿素含量与光合作用来增强自身的抗土壤压实能力。
The experiment designed four kinds of soil compaction treatment [soil bulk density of 1.2(CK_1), 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 g·cm~(-3)], and four inoculation treatments [Fm, Ri, Fm+Ri, and non-inoculation(CK_2)] with inoculating two kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(including Funneliformis mosseae,Fm and Rhizophagus intraradices,Ri) before compaction treatment, and a total of 16 treatments. We analyzed the effects of different treatments on the physiological and ecological indexes of Festuca elata variety ‘Ai Rui 3’, and provided a theoretical basis for the application of AMF in compacted soil. The results showed that:(1) the mycorrhizal infection rate and mycelial density of the roots of tall fescue decreased gradually with the increase of soil bulk density. Compared with CK_1, the infection rate of roots of high fescue roots inoculated with Fm, Ri and Fm+Ri under treatment with soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3) was significantly reduced by 27.8%, 39.8% and 30.0%, respectively. The mycelial density decreased significantly by 43.8%, 42.1% and 43.8%, respectively. Moreover, under 1.5 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density, the mycorrhizal infection rate and mycelial density of Fm+Ri treatment increased by 17.3% and 25.2%, respectively, which was 53.0% and 36.3% higher than that of single inoculation, respectively.(2) Inoculation with AMF can effectively increase the plant height, tiller number and dry matter quality of tall fescue plants under soil compaction stress, and significantly improve the tolerance of tall fescue. Plant height, tiller number and dry matter quality of Fm+Ri treatment were significantly increased by 36.1%, 39.5% and 144.0%, respectively, under 1.5 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density compared with CK_2.(3) Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the root activity and catalase(CAT) activity of tall fescue under soil compaction stress. The root vigor and CAT activity of Fm+Ri inoculated with 1.4 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density were 1.4 times and 1.5 times than that of CK_2, respectively.(4) Inoculation with AMF can significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in tall fescue under soil compaction stress. Inoculation with Fm+Ri treatment in the soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3) was 43.1%, 100.0% and 59.3% higher than that of the CK_2.(5) Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r) and stomatal conductance(G_s) of tall fescue under soil compaction stress, and significantly decreased the intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) of leaves. Inoculation with Fm+Ri treatment was 52.5%, 33.3%, 181.1% and-32.9% higher than that of the CK_2 under the soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3). In summary, soil compaction stress significantly inhibited the infection of AMF, and co-inoculation significantly promoted the infection of AMF on roots, and the effect of co-inoculation with Fm+Ri was significantly better than single inoculation. AMF can enhance its own resistance to soil compaction by enhancing the activity of tall fescue roots, reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress, increasing plant chlorophyll content and photosynthesis.
The experiment designed four kinds of soil compaction treatment [soil bulk density of 1.2(CK_1), 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 g·cm~(-3)], and four inoculation treatments [Fm, Ri, Fm+Ri, and non-inoculation(CK_2)] with inoculating two kinds of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(including Funneliformis mosseae,Fm and Rhizophagus intraradices,Ri) before compaction treatment, and a total of 16 treatments. We analyzed the effects of different treatments on the physiological and ecological indexes of Festuca elata variety ‘Ai Rui 3’, and provided a theoretical basis for the application of AMF in compacted soil. The results showed that:(1) the mycorrhizal infection rate and mycelial density of the roots of tall fescue decreased gradually with the increase of soil bulk density. Compared with CK_1, the infection rate of roots of high fescue roots inoculated with Fm, Ri and Fm+Ri under treatment with soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3) was significantly reduced by 27.8%, 39.8% and 30.0%, respectively. The mycelial density decreased significantly by 43.8%, 42.1% and 43.8%, respectively. Moreover, under 1.5 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density, the mycorrhizal infection rate and mycelial density of Fm+Ri treatment increased by 17.3% and 25.2%, respectively, which was 53.0% and 36.3% higher than that of single inoculation, respectively.(2) Inoculation with AMF can effectively increase the plant height, tiller number and dry matter quality of tall fescue plants under soil compaction stress, and significantly improve the tolerance of tall fescue. Plant height, tiller number and dry matter quality of Fm+Ri treatment were significantly increased by 36.1%, 39.5% and 144.0%, respectively, under 1.5 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density compared with CK_2.(3) Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the root activity and catalase(CAT) activity of tall fescue under soil compaction stress. The root vigor and CAT activity of Fm+Ri inoculated with 1.4 g·cm~(-3) soil bulk density were 1.4 times and 1.5 times than that of CK_2, respectively.(4) Inoculation with AMF can significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll in tall fescue under soil compaction stress. Inoculation with Fm+Ri treatment in the soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3) was 43.1%, 100.0% and 59.3% higher than that of the CK_2.(5) Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate(P_n), transpiration rate(T_r) and stomatal conductance(G_s) of tall fescue under soil compaction stress, and significantly decreased the intercellular CO_2 concentration(C_i) of leaves. Inoculation with Fm+Ri treatment was 52.5%, 33.3%, 181.1% and-32.9% higher than that of the CK_2 under the soil bulk density of 1.5 g·cm~(-3). In summary, soil compaction stress significantly inhibited the infection of AMF, and co-inoculation significantly promoted the infection of AMF on roots, and the effect of co-inoculation with Fm+Ri was significantly better than single inoculation. AMF can enhance its own resistance to soil compaction by enhancing the activity of tall fescue roots, reducing the damage caused by oxidative stress, increasing plant chlorophyll content and photosynthesis.
引文
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[8] 李文彬,宁楚涵,徐孟,等.丛枝菌根真菌和高羊茅对压实土壤的改良效应[J].草业学报,2018,27(11):134-144.LI W B,NING C H,XU M,et al.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Festuca elata can improve fertility of compacted soi[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2018,27(11):134-144.
[9] ROSOLEM C A,PIVETTA L A,GOSS M.Mechanical and biological approaches to alleviate soil compaction in tropical soils:assessed by root growth and activity (Rb uptake) of soybean and maize grown in rotation with cover crops[J].Soil Use and Management,2017,33(1):141-152.
[10] JOBIM K,VISTA X M,GOTO B T.Updates on the knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina) in the atlantic forest biome-an example of very high species richness in the Brazilian landscape[J].Mycotaxon,2018,133(1):209-209.
[11] WAHL A L,SPIEGELBERGER T.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in changing mountain grassland ecosystems:a challenge for research[J].Botany-botanique,2016,94(6):435-458.
[12] 蔡晓布,彭岳林.西藏高原不同海拔区域丛枝菌根真菌群落的变化[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(9):2 803-2 810.CAI X B,PENG Y L.Change of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community in response to elevational gradients on the Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(9):2 803-2 810.
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