“18.8”粤东暴雨中心极端强降水“列车效应”分析
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摘要
2018年8月30—31日广东出现一次超历史记录的极端强降水过程,惠东高潭24 h雨量达1 056.7 mm,采用广东省区域雷达拼图产品、MICAPS实况、CFSR逐6 h再分析资料(水平分辨率0.5°×0.5°),以及广东省国家级地面气象观测站和区域自动站资料,着重分析了此次过程中"列车效应"的演变特征。结果表明:"列车效应"发生在缓慢移动的季风低压诱发的有利大气环流背景下,最显著的特点是水汽通量散度和假相当位温大值区主要存在于925 hPa及其以下的边界层中,且在强降水发生时段汕尾附近地区边界层风向由西南风逐渐逆时针转为偏南风,在汕尾中部附近地区形成气流辐合上升;MβCS中多单体对流风暴沿西南季风和莲花山山脉走势自西南向东北方向传播;地面中尺度辐合线以及低空西南-偏南暖湿气流的脉冲,以及惠东高潭附近的特殊地形分布触发了此次过程中"列车效应"的发生发展,从而引发了高潭创历史记录的极端强降水过程。
Using data of regional radar mosaic products, MICAPS, 6-hourly reanalysis data of CFSR with horizontal resolution of 0.5°×0.5°,and data of national meteorological observatories and regional automatic stations in Guangdong Province, the train effect features of an extremely severe rainfall event in Guangdong with a record-breaking rainfall of 1 056.7 mm within 24 hours in Gaotan of Huidong from 30 to 31 August 2018 is analyzed. The result is shown as follows. The train effect took place in the environment of a favorable atmospheric circulation induced by slowly moving monsoon depression. The most remarkable characteristic was that the high value of vapor flux divergence and potential pseudo-equivalent temperature mainly appeared in the boundary layer below 925 h Pa. The wind direction in the boundary layer near Shanwei gradually shifts from southwest to south. The air current produced an upward movement of convergence around the central region of Shanwei.The storm cells of the severe rainfall moved along with southwest monsoon and the Lianhua Moutain from southwest to northeast. Surface mesoscale convergence line, the pulses of southwest-south airflows and the special terrain distribution triggered the generation and development of the train effect. The conditions presented above have resulted in the extremely severe precipitation breaking historical records in Gaotan.
Using data of regional radar mosaic products, MICAPS, 6-hourly reanalysis data of CFSR with horizontal resolution of 0.5°×0.5°,and data of national meteorological observatories and regional automatic stations in Guangdong Province, the train effect features of an extremely severe rainfall event in Guangdong with a record-breaking rainfall of 1 056.7 mm within 24 hours in Gaotan of Huidong from 30 to 31 August 2018 is analyzed. The result is shown as follows. The train effect took place in the environment of a favorable atmospheric circulation induced by slowly moving monsoon depression. The most remarkable characteristic was that the high value of vapor flux divergence and potential pseudo-equivalent temperature mainly appeared in the boundary layer below 925 h Pa. The wind direction in the boundary layer near Shanwei gradually shifts from southwest to south. The air current produced an upward movement of convergence around the central region of Shanwei.The storm cells of the severe rainfall moved along with southwest monsoon and the Lianhua Moutain from southwest to northeast. Surface mesoscale convergence line, the pulses of southwest-south airflows and the special terrain distribution triggered the generation and development of the train effect. The conditions presented above have resulted in the extremely severe precipitation breaking historical records in Gaotan.
引文
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王坚红,杨艺亚,苗春生,等.2017.华南沿海暖区辐合线暴雨地形动力机制数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(4):784-796
王啸华,郑媛媛,徐芬,等.2015.2011年江苏南部两场大暴雨对比分析[J].气象科学,35(4):497-505
徐明,黄治勇,高琦.2018.2016年5月20日广东信宜特大暴雨中尺度对流系统特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,37(1):32-40
徐祥德,王寅钧,魏文寿,等.2014.特殊大地形背景下塔里木盆地夏季降水过程及其大气水分循环结构[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,8(2):1-11
叶朗明,苗峻峰.2014.华南一次典型回流暴雨过程的中尺度分析[J].暴雨灾害,33(4):342-350
Charles A,Doswell III,Harold E Brooks,Robert A Maddox.1996.Flash flood forecasting:An ingred-ients-based methodology[J].Wea Forecasting,11:560-581
Luo Y,Gong Y,Zhang D L.2014.Initiation and organizational modes of an extreme-rain-producing mesoscale convective system along a Mei-Yu front in east China[J].Mon Wea Rev,142(1):203-221
Wang H,Luo Y,Jou B J D.2014.Initiation,maintenance,and properties of convective in an extreme rainfall event during SCMREX:Observational analysis[J].J Geophys Res Atmos,119:13206-13232
陈芳丽,李明华,曾丹丹,等.2018.“8.31”广东极端强降水过程边界层触发条件分析[J].广东气象,40(5):1-5
冯建明,纪晓玲,陈晓娟,等.2010.干旱区一次连阴雨过程中暴雨天气的多普勒雷达图像特征[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),46(S1):93-98
何立富,陈涛,孔期.2016.华南暖区暴雨研究进展[J].应用气象学报,27(5):559-569
胡端英,梁域,余家材,等.2013.“9.16”广东旱区罗定特大暴雨灾害天气成因分析[J].广东气象,35(3):6-11
柯文华,俞小鼎,林伟旺,等.2012.一次由“列车效应”造成的致洪暴雨分析研究[J].气象,38(5):552-560
李明华,张子凡,郭琳晶,等.2010.近43a惠州市强降水和洪涝的气候特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,29(4):381-385
廖移山,冯新,石燕,等.2011.2008年“7.22”襄樊特大暴雨的天气学机理分析及地形影响[J].气象学报,69(6):945-955
林良勋,冯业荣,黄忠,等.2006.广东省天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,38-58,106-150
祁秀香,郑永光,伍志方,等.2015.一次导致大暴雨的中尺度对流系统演变和风场垂直结构特征[J].热带气象学报,31(3):345-354
孙继松,戴建华,何立富,等.2016.强对流天气预报的基本原理与技术方法-中国强对流天气预报手册[M].北京:气象出版社,31-48
孙继松,何娜,郭锐,等.2013.多单体雷暴的形变与列车效应传播机制[J].大气科学,37(1):137-148
孙素琴,郑婧,支树林,等.2015.一次由“列车效应”引发的梅雨锋暴雨研究[J].高原气象,34(1):190-201
王坚红,杨艺亚,苗春生,等.2017.华南沿海暖区辐合线暴雨地形动力机制数值模拟研究[J].大气科学,41(4):784-796
王啸华,郑媛媛,徐芬,等.2015.2011年江苏南部两场大暴雨对比分析[J].气象科学,35(4):497-505
徐明,黄治勇,高琦.2018.2016年5月20日广东信宜特大暴雨中尺度对流系统特征分析[J].暴雨灾害,37(1):32-40
徐祥德,王寅钧,魏文寿,等.2014.特殊大地形背景下塔里木盆地夏季降水过程及其大气水分循环结构[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,8(2):1-11
叶朗明,苗峻峰.2014.华南一次典型回流暴雨过程的中尺度分析[J].暴雨灾害,33(4):342-350
Charles A,Doswell III,Harold E Brooks,Robert A Maddox.1996.Flash flood forecasting:An ingred-ients-based methodology[J].Wea Forecasting,11:560-581
Luo Y,Gong Y,Zhang D L.2014.Initiation and organizational modes of an extreme-rain-producing mesoscale convective system along a Mei-Yu front in east China[J].Mon Wea Rev,142(1):203-221
Wang H,Luo Y,Jou B J D.2014.Initiation,maintenance,and properties of convective in an extreme rainfall event during SCMREX:Observational analysis[J].J Geophys Res Atmos,119:13206-13232
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