水分梯度下川西高寒湿地土壤酶活性变化特征
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摘要
【目的】研究水分梯度下湿地土壤4种酶活性动态特征,为全球变化背景下川西高寒湿地土壤响应特征及科学管理提供理论支撑。【方法】在若尔盖湿地按水分梯度连续变化选取滞水湿地(WT)、湿地中露出水面的泥炭丘(PH)和湿地干旱化后形成的高寒草甸(DG)3类不同的水分生境进行土壤采样,采用微孔板荧光法分析了不同生境下高寒湿地土壤纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖酶(NAG)和磷酸单酯酶(PME)等4种酶活性的特征。【结果】水分变化对高寒湿地土壤酶活性影响显著,亚层土壤(10～20 cm)酶活性均低于表层土壤(0～10 cm);在湿地干旱化过程中,不同土壤的酶活性表现出一定的差异性,表层土壤中NAG活性在湿地土壤最高,CBH、BG、PME活性均在干旱化草甸土中最高,亚层土壤NAG活性在干旱化草甸土壤最高,CBH、BG、PME活性在泥炭丘中活性最高;在WT、PH和DG表层土壤平均C/N/P比分别为2∶1∶3、3∶1∶10和2∶1∶3,在PH和DG的亚层土壤中分别为3∶0.7∶10和3∶1∶10。【结论】土壤有关C、N、P循环的酶CBH、BG、NAG和PME的活性在湿地干旱化进程中升高,土壤氮有效性退化成为湿地干旱化的显著性特征。
【Objective】To explore the dynamic characteristics of four enzyme activities in wetland soil under moisture gradient,which provide theoretical support for soil response characteristics and scientific management of alpine wetland in western Sichuan under the background of global change. 【Method】The stagnant water wetland(WT),the peat hills(PH) exposed in the wetland,and the alpine meadow(DG) formed after the aridification of the wetland in Zoige Wetland along continuous change of water ecosystem were selected,using microplate fluorimetry,characteristics of four enzymes activity including soil cellobiohydrolase(CBH),β-glucosidase(BG),β-N-acetylglucosaminase(NAG) and phosphomonoesterase(PME) were analyzed.【Result】Moisture change had significant effects on soil enzyme activities in alpine wetlands,the sub-layer soil(10-20 cm) enzymes activity were lower than the surface soil(0-10 cm);in the process of aridification of wetlands,the enzyme activity of different soils showed certain differences,the NAG activity in the topsoil was the highest in the wetland soil,and the activity of CBH,BG and PME were the highest in the arid meadow soil,the sub-layer soil NAG activity was highest in arid meadows,and the activity of CBH,BG and PME were highest in peat mounds. The average C/N/P ratio in the WT,PH,and DG top soil were 2∶1∶3,3∶1∶10,and 2∶1∶3,respectively,and in the sub-layer soil of PH and DG were 3∶0.7∶10 and 3∶1∶10,respectively.【Conclusion】The activity of CBH,BG,NAG and PME in the soil related to C,N and P cycles are elevated during the wetland aridification process,degradation of soil nitrogen availability became a significant feature of wetland aridification.
【Objective】To explore the dynamic characteristics of four enzyme activities in wetland soil under moisture gradient,which provide theoretical support for soil response characteristics and scientific management of alpine wetland in western Sichuan under the background of global change. 【Method】The stagnant water wetland(WT),the peat hills(PH) exposed in the wetland,and the alpine meadow(DG) formed after the aridification of the wetland in Zoige Wetland along continuous change of water ecosystem were selected,using microplate fluorimetry,characteristics of four enzymes activity including soil cellobiohydrolase(CBH),β-glucosidase(BG),β-N-acetylglucosaminase(NAG) and phosphomonoesterase(PME) were analyzed.【Result】Moisture change had significant effects on soil enzyme activities in alpine wetlands,the sub-layer soil(10-20 cm) enzymes activity were lower than the surface soil(0-10 cm);in the process of aridification of wetlands,the enzyme activity of different soils showed certain differences,the NAG activity in the topsoil was the highest in the wetland soil,and the activity of CBH,BG and PME were the highest in the arid meadow soil,the sub-layer soil NAG activity was highest in arid meadows,and the activity of CBH,BG and PME were highest in peat mounds. The average C/N/P ratio in the WT,PH,and DG top soil were 2∶1∶3,3∶1∶10,and 2∶1∶3,respectively,and in the sub-layer soil of PH and DG were 3∶0.7∶10 and 3∶1∶10,respectively.【Conclusion】The activity of CBH,BG,NAG and PME in the soil related to C,N and P cycles are elevated during the wetland aridification process,degradation of soil nitrogen availability became a significant feature of wetland aridification.
引文
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[8]李志威，王兆印，张晨笛，等.若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制[J].水科学进展，2014,25(2):172-180.
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[12]WANG W L,DONG Z B,HU G Y,et al.Analyses on change trend of sandy land in Zoige Plateau in last 30 years[J].Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(4):617-621.
[13]JIANG W,LV J,WANG C,et al.Marsh wetland degradation risk assessment and change analysis:a case study in the Zoige Plateau,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,82:316-326.
[14]SHI F,CHEN H,CHEN H,et al.The combined effects of warming and drying suppress CO2 and N2O emission rates in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Ecological Research,2012,27(4):725-733.
[15]HUO L,CHEN Z,ZOU Y,et al.Effect of Zoige alpine wetland degradation on the density and fractions of soil organic carbon[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51:287-295.
[16]LUAN J,CUI L,XIANG C,et al.Soil carbon stocks and quality across intact and degraded alpine wetlands in Zoige,east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2014,22(4):427-438.
[17]万忠梅，宋长春，郭跃东，等.毛台草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].环境科学，2010,31(2):444-449.
[18]DICK R P.Methods of soil enzymology[M].Msdison,Wisconsin:Soil Science Society of America,2011.
[19]吴俐莎，唐杰，罗强，等.若尔盖湿地土壤酶活性和理化性质与微生物关系的研究[J].土壤通报，2012,43(1):52-59.
[20]陶宝先，张金池，崔志华，等.苏南丘陵区林地土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性[J].生态与农村环境学报，2009,25(2):44-48.
[21]田幼华，吕光辉，杨晓东，等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2012,26(3):156-163.
[22]李海云，张建贵，姚拓，等.退化高寒草地养分、酶活性及生态化学计量特征[J].水土保持学报，2018,32(5):287-295.
[23]BROCKETT B F T,PRESCOTT C E,GRAYSTON S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[24]MOORHEAD D L,SINSABAUGH R L.A theoretical model of litter decay and microbial interaction[J].Ecological Monographs,2006,76(2):151-174.
[25]WEEDON J T,AERTS R,KOWALCHUK G A,et al.Temperature sensitivity of peatland C and N cycling:Does substrate supply play a role[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,61:109-120.
[26]STEVENS P A,WANNOP C P.Dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrate in an acid forest soil[J].Plant&Soil,1987,102(1):137-139.
[2]曹慧，孙辉，杨浩，等.土壤酶活性及其对土壤质量的指示研究进展[J].应用与环境生物学报，2003,9(1):105-109.
[3]沈丹杰，陈玥希，孙辉，等.川西高寒土壤酶的动力学及热力学特征研究[J].土壤，2017,49(6):1146-1152.
[4]LEI T,SI G,WANG J,et al.Microbial communities and associated enzyme activities in alpine wetlands with increasing altitude on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Wetlands,2017,37(3):401-412.
[5]边雪廉，岳中辉，焦浩，等.土壤酶对土壤环境质量指示作用的研究进展[J].土壤，2015,47(4):634-640.
[6]YU H,LUEDELING E,XU J.Winter and spring warming result in delayed spring phonology on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States if America,2010,107(51):22151-22156.
[7]何奕忻，吴宁，朱求安，等.青藏高原东北部5000年来气候变化与若尔盖湿地历史生态学研究进展[J].生态学报，2014,34(7):1615-1625.
[8]李志威，王兆印，张晨笛，等.若尔盖沼泽湿地的萎缩机制[J].水科学进展，2014,25(2):172-180.
[9]FELLER G,GERDAY C.Psychrophilic enzymes:hot topics in cold adaptation[J].Nature reviews.Microbiology,2003,1(3):200-208.
[10]KOCH O,TSCHERKO D,KANDELER E.Temperature sensitivity of microbial respiration,nitrogen mineralization,and potential soil enzyme activities in organic alpine soils[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(4),GB4017.
[11]GORHAM E.Northern peatlands:role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic warming[J].Ecological Applications,1991,1(2):182-195.
[12]WANG W L,DONG Z B,HU G Y,et al.Analyses on change trend of sandy land in Zoige Plateau in last 30 years[J].Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(4):617-621.
[13]JIANG W,LV J,WANG C,et al.Marsh wetland degradation risk assessment and change analysis:a case study in the Zoige Plateau,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,82:316-326.
[14]SHI F,CHEN H,CHEN H,et al.The combined effects of warming and drying suppress CO2 and N2O emission rates in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau[J].Ecological Research,2012,27(4):725-733.
[15]HUO L,CHEN Z,ZOU Y,et al.Effect of Zoige alpine wetland degradation on the density and fractions of soil organic carbon[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,51:287-295.
[16]LUAN J,CUI L,XIANG C,et al.Soil carbon stocks and quality across intact and degraded alpine wetlands in Zoige,east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,2014,22(4):427-438.
[17]万忠梅，宋长春，郭跃东，等.毛台草湿地土壤酶活性及活性有机碳组分对水分梯度的响应[J].环境科学，2010,31(2):444-449.
[18]DICK R P.Methods of soil enzymology[M].Msdison,Wisconsin:Soil Science Society of America,2011.
[19]吴俐莎，唐杰，罗强，等.若尔盖湿地土壤酶活性和理化性质与微生物关系的研究[J].土壤通报，2012,43(1):52-59.
[20]陶宝先，张金池，崔志华，等.苏南丘陵区林地土壤酶活性及其与土壤理化性质的相关性[J].生态与农村环境学报，2009,25(2):44-48.
[21]田幼华，吕光辉，杨晓东，等.水盐胁迫对干旱区植物根际土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境，2012,26(3):156-163.
[22]李海云，张建贵，姚拓，等.退化高寒草地养分、酶活性及生态化学计量特征[J].水土保持学报，2018,32(5):287-295.
[23]BROCKETT B F T,PRESCOTT C E,GRAYSTON S J.Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,44(1):9-20.
[24]MOORHEAD D L,SINSABAUGH R L.A theoretical model of litter decay and microbial interaction[J].Ecological Monographs,2006,76(2):151-174.
[25]WEEDON J T,AERTS R,KOWALCHUK G A,et al.Temperature sensitivity of peatland C and N cycling:Does substrate supply play a role[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,61:109-120.
[26]STEVENS P A,WANNOP C P.Dissolved organic nitrogen and nitrate in an acid forest soil[J].Plant&Soil,1987,102(1):137-139.
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