春箭筈豌豆生产性能和品质对氮、磷、钾肥响应的研究进展
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摘要
春箭筈豌豆(Vicia sativa)是高产优质的豆科牧草和绿肥兼用作物,氮、磷、钾肥对其产量和品质具有重要影响。因此,认识了解施肥与其生长发育的关系对高寒地区栽培草地建立与可持续性发展十分关键。本文系统综述了国内外近30年春箭筈豌豆对氮、磷、钾肥单施和配施响应的相关研究。分析得知,单施或配施氮、磷、钾肥可以降低箭筈豌豆呼吸作用(24.5%～69.5%),提高植株N、P、K养分含量(1.7%～69.7%),同时促进根瘤生长增加其生物固氮量,从而提高其产量构成因素(4.7%～110.3%)。此外,还可以增加粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性糖等含量(0.9%～51.5%),最终对春箭筈豌豆生产性能与品质发挥重要作用。未来的研究应致力于进一步阐明各肥料元素提高春箭筈豌豆产量的生理生化机制,以及优化不同肥料搭配的施肥管理技术,进一步改善春箭筈豌豆产量品质。
Spring common vetch(Vicia sativa) is a forage legume and green manure crop with high yield and quality.Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers have important effects on its yield and quality. Therefore, understanding the relationship between fertilization and the growth and development of common vetch is critical for the establishment and sustainable development of alpine meadow in this region. This paper summarizes the responses of spring common vetch to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers over the past 30 years worldwide. According to the analyses, application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer separately or in combination reduced respiration by 24.5%～69.5%, increased the content of N, P, and K in plants by 1.7%～69.7%, promoted nodule growth, and increased biological nitrogen fixation.Therefore, the yield of the product increased by 4.7%～110.3% and the content of crude protein, crude fat, and soluble sugar increased by 0.9%～51.5%. Fertilization plays an important role in improving the performance and quality of spring common vetch. Future research should focus on clarifying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of various fertilizer elements and optimizing management of different fertilizers to improve the yield and quality of spring common vetch.
Spring common vetch(Vicia sativa) is a forage legume and green manure crop with high yield and quality.Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers have important effects on its yield and quality. Therefore, understanding the relationship between fertilization and the growth and development of common vetch is critical for the establishment and sustainable development of alpine meadow in this region. This paper summarizes the responses of spring common vetch to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers over the past 30 years worldwide. According to the analyses, application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer separately or in combination reduced respiration by 24.5%～69.5%, increased the content of N, P, and K in plants by 1.7%～69.7%, promoted nodule growth, and increased biological nitrogen fixation.Therefore, the yield of the product increased by 4.7%～110.3% and the content of crude protein, crude fat, and soluble sugar increased by 0.9%～51.5%. Fertilization plays an important role in improving the performance and quality of spring common vetch. Future research should focus on clarifying the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of various fertilizer elements and optimizing management of different fertilizers to improve the yield and quality of spring common vetch.
引文
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