侏罗系弱胶结砂岩孔隙介质特征及其保水采煤意义
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摘要
我国新疆哈密矿区降雨量少、蒸发强烈,属于严重干旱地区,研究区高强度的煤炭资源开采对主要储水含水层的保护极为重要。由于特殊的成岩环境及地下水赋存运移条件,侏罗系弱胶结砂岩为复杂的非常规含水岩系,给研究区煤矿防治水带来了诸多水文地质问题。本文以新疆哈密矿区侏罗系弱胶结砂岩为研究对象,通过渗流实验、实验室测试、理论分析研究弱胶结砂岩微观孔隙结构演变规律。研究表明,弱胶结砂岩属高孔隙度岩石,具有大孔孔喉及中孔孔喉分布频率高的结构特征和强富水性,渗流实验过程中有大量乳白色悬浮物渗出。水相渗流作用下的弱胶结砂岩样出现渗透性突变增大的现象,其孔隙度有明显增大的趋势。通过水质分析及岩矿鉴定分析手段得出可溶盐溶出对渗流实验前后的孔隙度增加贡献率为45.80%～82.28%,悬浮物渗出量计算对孔隙度增大贡献率为14.78%～54.20%,可溶盐及高岭石的溶(渗)出是砂岩渗透性增强的主要因素。鉴于此,提出了有关孔隙结构储水空间变异性以及渗透突变性的保水采煤理念,弱胶结砂岩含水层水体下保水采煤应当遵循"保护性开采、避免大规模扰动"的思路。研究成果对西部地区弱胶结砂岩含水层的开发利用与保护有重要意义,同时可为西部地区受侏罗系弱胶结砂岩水害影响的矿井保水采煤技术的研究提供借鉴。
Hami mining area of Xinjiang has the characteristic of little rainfall and strong evaporation,which is a serious arid area.With the high-intensity coal resources mined in study area,the protection of aquifers is extremely important for coal mining.Due to the special diagenetic environment and migration conditions,Jurassic weak cemented sandstone is a complex water-bearing rock system,which brings many hydrogeological problems to the water control of coal mine in the study area.Taking the Jurassic weak cemented sandstone in Hami mining area as a research topic,the evolution of micropore structure of weak cemented sandstone was studied through seepage experiment,laboratory test and theoretical analysis.The result shows that the weak cemented sandstone is characterized by its large pore and middle pore throat concentrated distribution and strong watery,belonging to high porosity rock,and a large amount of milky suspension is exuded in the seepage experiment.Due to the seepage action,the weak cemented sandstone shows an increase in permeability because of the dissolution of soluble salts and kaolinite and increases in porosity obviously.Through water quality and rock mineral identification analysis,the effect of soluble salt dissolution on the increase of porosity is 45.80%-82.28%,and the effect of suspended solids exudation on the increase of porosity is 14.78%-54.20% after the seepage experiment.The dissolution of soluble salts and kaolinite are the main factors for the enhancement of sandstone permeability.The concept of water-preserved coal mining was proposed based on the water storage spatial variability of pore structure and permeability mutation,and the idea of "protective mining and avoiding largescale disturbances"for water-preserved coal mining should be followed below the weak cemented sandstone aquifer.The research results have significance for the development,utilization and protection of weak cemented sandstone aquifers in the western region.At the same time,it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the study of water-preserved coal mining technology affected by the Jurassic weak cemented sandstone water damage in the western region in China.
Hami mining area of Xinjiang has the characteristic of little rainfall and strong evaporation,which is a serious arid area.With the high-intensity coal resources mined in study area,the protection of aquifers is extremely important for coal mining.Due to the special diagenetic environment and migration conditions,Jurassic weak cemented sandstone is a complex water-bearing rock system,which brings many hydrogeological problems to the water control of coal mine in the study area.Taking the Jurassic weak cemented sandstone in Hami mining area as a research topic,the evolution of micropore structure of weak cemented sandstone was studied through seepage experiment,laboratory test and theoretical analysis.The result shows that the weak cemented sandstone is characterized by its large pore and middle pore throat concentrated distribution and strong watery,belonging to high porosity rock,and a large amount of milky suspension is exuded in the seepage experiment.Due to the seepage action,the weak cemented sandstone shows an increase in permeability because of the dissolution of soluble salts and kaolinite and increases in porosity obviously.Through water quality and rock mineral identification analysis,the effect of soluble salt dissolution on the increase of porosity is 45.80%-82.28%,and the effect of suspended solids exudation on the increase of porosity is 14.78%-54.20% after the seepage experiment.The dissolution of soluble salts and kaolinite are the main factors for the enhancement of sandstone permeability.The concept of water-preserved coal mining was proposed based on the water storage spatial variability of pore structure and permeability mutation,and the idea of "protective mining and avoiding largescale disturbances"for water-preserved coal mining should be followed below the weak cemented sandstone aquifer.The research results have significance for the development,utilization and protection of weak cemented sandstone aquifers in the western region.At the same time,it can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the study of water-preserved coal mining technology affected by the Jurassic weak cemented sandstone water damage in the western region in China.
引文
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[7]蔡臣.复杂含水弱胶结砂岩隧道围岩稳定性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.CAI Chen.Study on the stability of surrounding rock of complex water-bearing weak Cemented Sandstone tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[8]陈忠胜,吴舜常,薛其加,等.俄霍布拉克煤矿综合防治水技术的研究[J].能源技术与管理,2004(1):4-5.CHEN Zhongsheng,WU Shunchang,XUE Qijia,et al.Research on integrated water control technology in Ohobrak Coal Mine[J].Energy Technology and Management,2004(1):4-5.
[9]徐智敏,高尚,孙亚军,等.西部典型侏罗系富煤区含水介质条件与水动力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):444-451.XU Zhimin,GAO Shang,SUN Yajun,et al.A study of conditions of water bearing media and water dynamics in typical Jurassic coal rich regions in western China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):444-451.
[10]甄战战.大南湖侏罗系弱胶结含水层动态及介质特征研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.ZHEN Zhanzhan.Study on the dynamics and media characteristics of Jurassic weak cemented aquifers in the Great South Lake[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[11]崔思源.大南湖矿区侏罗系弱胶结含水介质及水动力特征研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.CUI Siyuan.Study on jurassic weakly cemented water-bearing media and hydrodynamic characteristics in Dananhu Mining Area[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.
[12]崔思源,孙亚军,甄战战.“降深分配法”在反求水文地质参数中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(4):65-67CUI Siyuan,SUN Yajun,ZHEN Zhanzhan.Application of drawdown distribution method in inverse-deducing of hydrogeological parameters[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(4):65-67.
[13]张小青,黄天雪,刘军,等.吐哈盆地侏罗系砂岩储层中粘土矿物组成和分布的控制因素[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(4):66-69.ZHANG Xiaoqing,HUANG Tianxue,LIU Jun,et al.Controls on the composition and distribution of the clay minerals from the Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Turpan-Hami Basin,Xinjiang[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2001,21(4):66-69.
[14]郭宏,顾少顺,范丽俊.吐哈盆地构造演化特征分析[J].科技创新与应用,2016(13):167-167.GUO Hong,GU Shaoshun,FAN Lijun.Analysis of tectonic evolution characteristics of Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Scientific and Technological Innovation and Application,2016(13):167-167.
[15]李克钢.水岩物理作用下岩石力学特性研究[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2016.
[16]虞鹏鹏.水岩反应及其研究意义[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学.医学版),2012(4):25-33.YU Pengpeng.Water rock reaction and its significance[J].Sun Yat-Sen Univrsity(Natural Sciences,Medicine),2012(4):25-33.
[17]鞠金峰,许家林,李全生,等.我国水体下保水采煤技术研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):12-19.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,LI Quansheng,et al.Progress of water-preserved coal mining under water in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):12-19.
[18]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[19]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
[2]纪洪广,蒋华,宋朝阳,等.弱胶结砂岩遇水软化过程细观结构演化及断口形貌分析[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(4):993-999.JI Hongguang,JIANG Hua,SONG Chaoyang,et al.Analysis on the microstructure evolution and fracture morphology during the softening process of weakly cemented sandstone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(4):993-999.
[3]宋朝阳.弱胶结砂岩细观结构特征与变形破坏机理研究及应用[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017.SONG Chaoyang.The analysis and application of mesoscopic structure characteristics and deformation and failure mechanism of weak cemented sandstone[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Science and Technology,2017.
[4]赵永川,杨天鸿,肖福坤,等.西部弱胶结砂岩循环载荷作用下塑性应变能变化规律[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1813-1819.ZHAO Yongchuan,YANG Tianhong,XIAO Fukun,et al.The variation law of plastic strain energy of western weak cemented sandstone during cyclic loading experiment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1813-1819.
[5]王渭明,孙捷城,吕连勋.弱胶结软岩巷道围岩位移反演地应力研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):646-652.WANG Weiming,SUN Jiecheng,LLianxun.Study of in-situ stress inversion in weakly consolidated soft rock based on damped least square method[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2016,45(3):646-652.
[6]孔令辉.弱胶结软岩巷道围岩稳定性分析及支护优化研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.KONG Linghui.Stability analysis and support optimization of weak cemented soft rock roadway[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2011.
[7]蔡臣.复杂含水弱胶结砂岩隧道围岩稳定性研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.CAI Chen.Study on the stability of surrounding rock of complex water-bearing weak Cemented Sandstone tunnel[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.
[8]陈忠胜,吴舜常,薛其加,等.俄霍布拉克煤矿综合防治水技术的研究[J].能源技术与管理,2004(1):4-5.CHEN Zhongsheng,WU Shunchang,XUE Qijia,et al.Research on integrated water control technology in Ohobrak Coal Mine[J].Energy Technology and Management,2004(1):4-5.
[9]徐智敏,高尚,孙亚军,等.西部典型侏罗系富煤区含水介质条件与水动力学特征[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):444-451.XU Zhimin,GAO Shang,SUN Yajun,et al.A study of conditions of water bearing media and water dynamics in typical Jurassic coal rich regions in western China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):444-451.
[10]甄战战.大南湖侏罗系弱胶结含水层动态及介质特征研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.ZHEN Zhanzhan.Study on the dynamics and media characteristics of Jurassic weak cemented aquifers in the Great South Lake[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2015.
[11]崔思源.大南湖矿区侏罗系弱胶结含水介质及水动力特征研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2017.CUI Siyuan.Study on jurassic weakly cemented water-bearing media and hydrodynamic characteristics in Dananhu Mining Area[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2017.
[12]崔思源,孙亚军,甄战战.“降深分配法”在反求水文地质参数中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(4):65-67CUI Siyuan,SUN Yajun,ZHEN Zhanzhan.Application of drawdown distribution method in inverse-deducing of hydrogeological parameters[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(4):65-67.
[13]张小青,黄天雪,刘军,等.吐哈盆地侏罗系砂岩储层中粘土矿物组成和分布的控制因素[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2001,21(4):66-69.ZHANG Xiaoqing,HUANG Tianxue,LIU Jun,et al.Controls on the composition and distribution of the clay minerals from the Jurassic sandstone reservoirs in the Turpan-Hami Basin,Xinjiang[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2001,21(4):66-69.
[14]郭宏,顾少顺,范丽俊.吐哈盆地构造演化特征分析[J].科技创新与应用,2016(13):167-167.GUO Hong,GU Shaoshun,FAN Lijun.Analysis of tectonic evolution characteristics of Turpan-Hami Basin[J].Scientific and Technological Innovation and Application,2016(13):167-167.
[15]李克钢.水岩物理作用下岩石力学特性研究[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2016.
[16]虞鹏鹏.水岩反应及其研究意义[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学.医学版),2012(4):25-33.YU Pengpeng.Water rock reaction and its significance[J].Sun Yat-Sen Univrsity(Natural Sciences,Medicine),2012(4):25-33.
[17]鞠金峰,许家林,李全生,等.我国水体下保水采煤技术研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(1):12-19.JU Jinfeng,XU Jialin,LI Quansheng,et al.Progress of water-preserved coal mining under water in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(1):12-19.
[18]范立民,马雄德,冀瑞君.西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(8):1711-1717.FAN Limin,MA Xiongde,JI Ruijun.Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(8):1711-1717.
[19]FAN Limin,MA Xiongde.A review on investigation of water-preserved coal mining in western China[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2018,5(4):411-416.
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