榆林沙区杂交榛子的引种与栽培技术初探
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摘要
榆林沙区生态环境已逐步好转,但适宜沙区栽培的经济树种资源严重不足。针对这一现象,从辽宁省章古台引进5个杂交榛子优良品系,采用2行主栽树种和2行授粉树种行间混交的栽植方法,开展水肥管理栽培技术试验研究,筛选适宜沙区大面积推广栽培的优良品种。研究结果表明,引进的5个榛子品系从营养生长到生殖生长的相关数据指标分析,均可适应当地气候。栽后第3年开始少量挂果,到栽后第4年挂果量增加,结实率提高,单果质量出仁率与引种地接近,充分说明杂交榛子在榆林引种取得了初步的成功。其中编号为84-254、84-226和82-11的3个品系在试验地相关性状指标表现相对良好,树势生长快、结实量大,且适应性好,如果再经过2～3年进入盛果期,产量比较稳定,就可以在榆林沙大面积推广栽培。
The ecological environment of Yulin sandy area has gradually improved, but the resources of economic tree species suitable for cultivation in sandy area are seriously insufficient. In view of this phenomenon, five excellent hybrid hazelnut strains were introduced from Zhanggutai, Liaoning Province. The experiment of water and fertilizer management and cultivation techniques was carried out by using the method of mixed planting of two main lines and two pollinating lines, and the excellent varieties suitable for largescale popularization and cultivation in sandy areas were screened. The results showed that the five introduced hazelnut strains could adapt to the local climate through the analysis of data indicators from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. In the third year after planting, a small amount of fruit-hanging began, and in the fourth year after planting, the fruit-setting rate increased, and the kernel yield rate of single fruit was close to that of the introduction site, sufficiently indicating that the introduction of hybrid hazelnut in Yulin had achieved preliminary success. Among them, the three lines numbered 84-254, 84-226 and 82-11 showed relatively good performance in the relevant characteristics of the test site. They grew fast, had a large number of seeds, and had good adaptability. If they entered the full fruit stage after another 2～3 years, their yields were relatively stable, they could be widely cultivated in Yulin Sand.
The ecological environment of Yulin sandy area has gradually improved, but the resources of economic tree species suitable for cultivation in sandy area are seriously insufficient. In view of this phenomenon, five excellent hybrid hazelnut strains were introduced from Zhanggutai, Liaoning Province. The experiment of water and fertilizer management and cultivation techniques was carried out by using the method of mixed planting of two main lines and two pollinating lines, and the excellent varieties suitable for largescale popularization and cultivation in sandy areas were screened. The results showed that the five introduced hazelnut strains could adapt to the local climate through the analysis of data indicators from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. In the third year after planting, a small amount of fruit-hanging began, and in the fourth year after planting, the fruit-setting rate increased, and the kernel yield rate of single fruit was close to that of the introduction site, sufficiently indicating that the introduction of hybrid hazelnut in Yulin had achieved preliminary success. Among them, the three lines numbered 84-254, 84-226 and 82-11 showed relatively good performance in the relevant characteristics of the test site. They grew fast, had a large number of seeds, and had good adaptability. If they entered the full fruit stage after another 2～3 years, their yields were relatively stable, they could be widely cultivated in Yulin Sand.
引文
[1]梁维坚,王贵禧.大果榛子栽培实用技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[2]万建华,陈炜青.杂交榛子在甘肃的引种表现[J].甘肃林业科技,2010,35(1):74-76.
[3]王贵禧.中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅰ)——榛种质资源研究[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):105-112.
[4]王贵禧.中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅲ)——育种、育苗与栽培[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):122-129.
[5]梁维坚.中国果树科学与实践·榛[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2015:6-7.
[6]宋锋惠,史彦江.大果杂交榛子引种及优良品种的选育[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):87-89.
[7]刘明占,穆忠学.经济林树种大果榛子引种试验研究[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(4):365-367.
[8]苏喜挺,张桂芹.高寒地区平欧杂交榛子引种试验初报[J].林业实用技术,2009(11):26-28.
[9]聂洪超.大果榛子栽培技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2013.
[10]霍洪亮,马庆华,李京璟,赵天田,王贵禧.中国榛属植物种质资源分布格局及其适生区气候评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(5):801-808.
[2]万建华,陈炜青.杂交榛子在甘肃的引种表现[J].甘肃林业科技,2010,35(1):74-76.
[3]王贵禧.中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅰ)——榛种质资源研究[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):105-112.
[4]王贵禧.中国榛属植物资源培育与利用研究(Ⅲ)——育种、育苗与栽培[J].林业科学研究,2018,31(1):122-129.
[5]梁维坚.中国果树科学与实践·榛[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2015:6-7.
[6]宋锋惠,史彦江.大果杂交榛子引种及优良品种的选育[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):87-89.
[7]刘明占,穆忠学.经济林树种大果榛子引种试验研究[J].辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),2012,39(4):365-367.
[8]苏喜挺,张桂芹.高寒地区平欧杂交榛子引种试验初报[J].林业实用技术,2009(11):26-28.
[9]聂洪超.大果榛子栽培技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,2013.
[10]霍洪亮,马庆华,李京璟,赵天田,王贵禧.中国榛属植物种质资源分布格局及其适生区气候评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2016,17(5):801-808.
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