成都冬季“干”气溶胶等效复折射率变化特征研究
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摘要
基于成都市2017年12月逐时的"干"气溶胶散射系数和吸收系数观测数据,结合该时段同时次GRIMM180环境颗粒物分析仪的监测资料,利用免疫进化算法一体化反演550nm波长处"干"气溶胶等效复折射率的实部和虚部,并对其冬季变化特征进行了研究,结果表明:"干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部分别为(1.547±0.0552)和(0.0197±0.00604)."干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部和虚部的日变化形态基本一致,主要表现为"单谷型"特征,二者的谷值出现时段位于15:00～18:00.在日时间尺度上而言,"干"气溶胶等效复折射率实部与质量浓度统计上对其散射消光的演化存在协同作用,"干"气溶胶虚部与质量浓度对其吸收消光的演化也存在类似影响."干"气溶胶等效复折射率虚部是单位质量浓度"干"气溶胶吸收消光能力的重要表征.
By utilizing the hourly observational data of "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient and "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient, as well as the coincidental data obtained from GRIMM180 in Chengdu during December 2017, "dry" aerosol equivalent complex refractive index at 550 nm, including both real part and imaginary part as a whole, were integrally retrieved by immune evolutionary algorithm, and then their characteristics in winter were analyzsed. The results showed that: Real part and imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive indices were(1.547±0.0552) and(0.0197±0.00604) respectively. The diurnal variations of real part and imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent complex refractive index generally depicted a consistent pattern, with the feature of "single valley", and the valley occurred between 15:00 and 18:00. To the diurnal time scale, real part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index and mass concentration statistically produced cooperative effect on the evolution of "dry" aerosol scattering extinction, and there existed similar influence of imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index and mass concentration on the evolution of "dry" aerosol absorption extinction. Imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index could well symbolize the "dry" aerosol absorption extinction capacity per mass concentration.
By utilizing the hourly observational data of "dry" aerosol scattering coefficient and "dry" aerosol absorption coefficient, as well as the coincidental data obtained from GRIMM180 in Chengdu during December 2017, "dry" aerosol equivalent complex refractive index at 550 nm, including both real part and imaginary part as a whole, were integrally retrieved by immune evolutionary algorithm, and then their characteristics in winter were analyzsed. The results showed that: Real part and imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive indices were(1.547±0.0552) and(0.0197±0.00604) respectively. The diurnal variations of real part and imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent complex refractive index generally depicted a consistent pattern, with the feature of "single valley", and the valley occurred between 15:00 and 18:00. To the diurnal time scale, real part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index and mass concentration statistically produced cooperative effect on the evolution of "dry" aerosol scattering extinction, and there existed similar influence of imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index and mass concentration on the evolution of "dry" aerosol absorption extinction. Imaginary part of "dry" aerosol equivalent refractive index could well symbolize the "dry" aerosol absorption extinction capacity per mass concentration.
引文
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[18]崔蕾,倪长健,孙欢欢,等.成都颗粒物吸湿增长特征及订正方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(11):3938-3943.Cui Lei,Ni Chang-jian,Sun huan-huan,et al.Hygroscopic growth properties of particles in Chengdu and its correction methodology[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(11):3938-3943.
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[21]沈建琪,刘蕾.经典Mie散射的数值计算方法改进[J].中国粉体技术,2005,11(4):1-5.Shen Jian-qi,Liu Lei.An improved algorithm of classical Mie scattering calculation[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2005,11(4):1-5.
[22]耿蒙,李学彬,秦武斌,等.典型地区大气气溶胶谱分布和复折射率特征研究[J].红外与激光工程,2018,47(3):191-197.Geng Meng,Li Xue-bin,Qin Wu-bin,et al.Research on the characteristics of aerosol size distribution and complex refractive index in typical areas of China[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2018,47(3):191-197.
[23]Ebert M,Weinbruch S,Hoffmann P,et al.The chemical composition and complex refractive index of rural and urban influenced aerosols determined by individual particle analysis[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(38):6531-6545.
[24]Hand J,Kreidenweis S.A new method for retrieving particle refractive index and effective density from aerosol size distribution data[J].Aerosol Science&Technology,2002,36(10):1012-1026.
[25]Raut J C,Chazette P.Vertical profiles of urban aerosol complex refractive index in the frame of ESQUIF airborne measurements[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2008,8(4):901-919.
[26]Zhang Y M,Sun J Y,Zhang X Y,et al.Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,56(5):890-900.
[27]陶金花,张美根,陈良富,等.一种基于卫星遥感AOT估算近地面颗粒物的方法[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(1):143-154.Tao Jin-hua,Zhang Mei-gen,Chen Liang-fu,et al.Method to estimate concentration of surface-level particulate matter from satellite-based aerosol optical thickness.[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(1):143-154.
[28]韩道文,刘文清,刘建国,等.气溶胶质量浓度空间垂直分布的反演方法[J].中国激光,2006,33(11):1567-1573.Han Dao-wen,Liu Wen-qing,Liu Jian-guo,et al.Retrieval method for aerosol mass concentration vertical distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2006,33(11):1567-1573.
[29]陶宗明,张寅超,张改霞,等.气溶胶粒子消光效率因子的特性研究及尺度谱的拟合[J].量子电子学报,2004,21(1):103-109.Tao Zong-ming,Zhang Yin-chao,Zhang Gai-xia,et al.Studies on extinction efficiency factor properties of aerosol particle and the fit of size distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2004,21(1):103-109.
[30]张智察,倪长健,汤津赢,等.“干”气溶胶等效复折射率与其质量浓度指标的相关性研究[J].光学学报,2019,39(5):17-24.Zhang Zhi-cha,Ni Chang-jian,Tang Jin-ying,et al.Correlation study between“dry”aerosol equivalent complex refraction index and its mass concentration indexes[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2019,39(5):17-24.
[2]Stevens B,Boucher O.Climate science:The aerosol effect[J].Nature,2012,490(7418):40-41.
[3]张小曳,孙俊英,王亚强,等.我国雾-霾成因及其治理的思考[J].科学通报,2013,58(13):1178-1187.Zhang Xiao-ye,Sun Jun-ying,Wang Ya-qiang,et al.Factors contributing to haze and fog in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(13):1178-1187.
[4]张晗宇,温维,程水源,等.京津冀区域典型重污染过程与反馈效应研究[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(4):1209-1220.Zhang Han-yu,Wen Wei,Cheng Shui-yuan,et al.Study on typical heavy pollution process and feedback effect in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(4):1209-1220.
[5]刘新罡,张远航,曾立民,等.广州市大气能见度影响因子的贡献研究[J].气候与环境研究,2006,11(6):733-738.Liu Xin-gang,Zhang Yuan-hang,Zeng Li-min,et al.Research on the influential factor of visibility reduction in Guangzhou[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2006,11(6):733-738.
[6]刘新民,邵敏.北京市夏季大气消光系数的来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(2):185-189.Liu Xin-min,Shao Min.The analysis of sources of ambient light extinction coefficient in summer time of Beijing city[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2004,24(2):185-189.
[7]杨寅山,倪长健,邓也,等.成都市冬季大气消光系数及其组成的特征研究[J].环境科学学报,2019,39(5):1425-1432.Yang Yin-shan,Ni Chang-jian,Deng Ye,et al.Characteristics of atmospheric extinction coefficient and its components in winter in Chengdu[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2019,39(5):1425-1432.
[8]Chan Y C,Simpson R W,Mctainsh G H,et al.Source apportionment of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane(Australia)using the multiple linear regression techniques[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(19):3237-3250.
[9]Kandler K,Benker N,Bundke U,et al.Chemical composition and complex refractive index of Saharan Mineral Dust at Iza?a,Tenerife(Spain)derived by electron microscopy[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(37):8058-8074.
[10]姚青,韩素芹,毕晓辉.天津2009年3月气溶胶化学组成及其消光特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(2):214-220.YAO Qing,HAN Su-qin,BI Xiao-hui.Main components and extinction characteristic of aerosol during March 2009 at Tianjin.[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(2):214-220.
[11]李学彬,黄印博,徐赤东,等.厦门地区气溶胶折射率的测量[J].光学精密工程,2008,16(10):1831-1835.Li Xue-bin,Huang Yin-bo,Xu Chi-dong,et al.Measurement of refractive index for aerosol particle in Xiamen[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2008,16(10):1831-1835.
[12]Ebert M,Weinbruch S,Rausch A,et al.Complex refractive index of aerosols during LACE 98 as derived from the analysis of individual particles[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2002,107(D21):8121.
[13]Wolff G T,Stroup C M,Stroup D P.The coefficient of haze as a measure of particulate elemental carbon[J].Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association,1983,33(8):746-750.
[14]Lin C I,Baker M,Charlson R J.Absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosol:A method for measurement[J].Applied Optics,1973,12(6):1356-1363.
[15]韩道文,刘文清,陆亦怀,等.基于Madaline网络的气溶胶消光系数反演算法[J].光学学报,2007,27(3):384-390.Han Dao-wen,Liu Wen-qing,Lu Yi-huai,et al.A retrieve method for aerosol extinction coefficient based on madaline networks[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2007,27(3):384-390.
[16]张智察,倪长健,邓也,等.气溶胶等效复折射率反演的免疫进化算法[J].中国环境科学,2019,39(2):554-559.Zhang Zhi-cha,Ni Chang-jian,Deng Ye,et al.Retrieval of equivalent complex refractive index of aerosol particles based on immune evolution algorithm[J].China Environmental Science,2019,39(2):554-559.
[17]杨军,李子华,黄世鸿.相对湿度对大气气溶胶粒子短波辐射特性的影响[J].大气科学,1999,23(2):239-247.Yang Jun,Li Zi-hua,Huang Shi-hong.Influence of relative humidity on shortwave radiative properties of atmospheric aerosol particles[J].Chinese Journal of Atmosphere Sciences,1999,23(2):239-247.
[18]崔蕾,倪长健,孙欢欢,等.成都颗粒物吸湿增长特征及订正方法研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(11):3938-3943.Cui Lei,Ni Chang-jian,Sun huan-huan,et al.Hygroscopic growth properties of particles in Chengdu and its correction methodology[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(11):3938-3943.
[19]Japar S M,Brachaczek W W,Jr R A G,et al.The contribution of elemental carbon to the optical properties of rural atmospheric aerosols[J].Atmospheric Environment,1986,20(6):1281-1289.
[20]Wu D,Mao J T,Deng X J,et al.Black carbon aerosols and their radiative properties in the Pearl River Delta region[J].Science in China,2009,52(8):1152-1163.
[21]沈建琪,刘蕾.经典Mie散射的数值计算方法改进[J].中国粉体技术,2005,11(4):1-5.Shen Jian-qi,Liu Lei.An improved algorithm of classical Mie scattering calculation[J].China Powder Science and Technology,2005,11(4):1-5.
[22]耿蒙,李学彬,秦武斌,等.典型地区大气气溶胶谱分布和复折射率特征研究[J].红外与激光工程,2018,47(3):191-197.Geng Meng,Li Xue-bin,Qin Wu-bin,et al.Research on the characteristics of aerosol size distribution and complex refractive index in typical areas of China[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2018,47(3):191-197.
[23]Ebert M,Weinbruch S,Hoffmann P,et al.The chemical composition and complex refractive index of rural and urban influenced aerosols determined by individual particle analysis[J].Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(38):6531-6545.
[24]Hand J,Kreidenweis S.A new method for retrieving particle refractive index and effective density from aerosol size distribution data[J].Aerosol Science&Technology,2002,36(10):1012-1026.
[25]Raut J C,Chazette P.Vertical profiles of urban aerosol complex refractive index in the frame of ESQUIF airborne measurements[J].Atmos Chem Phys,2008,8(4):901-919.
[26]Zhang Y M,Sun J Y,Zhang X Y,et al.Seasonal characterization of components and size distributions for submicron aerosols in Beijing[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,56(5):890-900.
[27]陶金花,张美根,陈良富,等.一种基于卫星遥感AOT估算近地面颗粒物的方法[J].中国科学:地球科学,2013,43(1):143-154.Tao Jin-hua,Zhang Mei-gen,Chen Liang-fu,et al.Method to estimate concentration of surface-level particulate matter from satellite-based aerosol optical thickness.[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2013,43(1):143-154.
[28]韩道文,刘文清,刘建国,等.气溶胶质量浓度空间垂直分布的反演方法[J].中国激光,2006,33(11):1567-1573.Han Dao-wen,Liu Wen-qing,Liu Jian-guo,et al.Retrieval method for aerosol mass concentration vertical distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2006,33(11):1567-1573.
[29]陶宗明,张寅超,张改霞,等.气溶胶粒子消光效率因子的特性研究及尺度谱的拟合[J].量子电子学报,2004,21(1):103-109.Tao Zong-ming,Zhang Yin-chao,Zhang Gai-xia,et al.Studies on extinction efficiency factor properties of aerosol particle and the fit of size distribution[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2004,21(1):103-109.
[30]张智察,倪长健,汤津赢,等.“干”气溶胶等效复折射率与其质量浓度指标的相关性研究[J].光学学报,2019,39(5):17-24.Zhang Zhi-cha,Ni Chang-jian,Tang Jin-ying,et al.Correlation study between“dry”aerosol equivalent complex refraction index and its mass concentration indexes[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2019,39(5):17-24.
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