气候变化对人体健康影响评估
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摘要
气候变化是21世纪人类面临的最大挑战之一,已对公众健康产生了各种直接或间接的影响。气候变化、环境与健康之间有着复杂的逻辑关系。基于联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)、联合国环境规划署(UNEP)、世界气象组织(WMO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织以及国内外学者就全球气候变化对健康影响研究的最新进展,重点论述分析了当前和未来气候变化对人类健康影响的途径、温度和湿度对健康的协同作用、室内外空气质量在气候变化大背景下对健康风险的影响。公众健康领域正在从科学研究走向应对策略,述评了IPCC、联合国气候变化峰会(UNFCCC COP 24)、减缓和适应全球气候变化对健康影响的有效措施以及欧洲高温天气-健康行动预案和"健康中国2030"等应对策略,旨在为我国进一步科学应对气候变化、提升公共健康和降低健康风险提供依据。
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind in the 21 st century. It has a great impact on all aspects of human life, and both directly and indirectly threatens human health. Globally, the complex relationships among climate change, environmental quality, and human health are core research issues. This paper reviews the latest research on health risks in the context of climate change, including synergistic effects of temperature and humidity on public health, the effects of climate change on indoor and outdoor air quality as they impact health, and current and future approaches to meeting climate change challenges to health. The review is based on the latest work published by international organizations: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), World Meteorological Organization(WMO), World Health Organization(WHO), as well as scholars at home and abroad. Effective measures and strategies to cope with and mitigate the impact of global climate change on public health are suggested. The suggested strategies to address anticipated impacts of climate change are from the IPCC, the 24 th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC COP 24), European heat wave-health action plans and national policies developed in China such as the "Healthy China 2030" plan. These can provide guidance for public health policy and action as China's pro-actively responds to climate change so as to mitigate its health risks.
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges facing mankind in the 21 st century. It has a great impact on all aspects of human life, and both directly and indirectly threatens human health. Globally, the complex relationships among climate change, environmental quality, and human health are core research issues. This paper reviews the latest research on health risks in the context of climate change, including synergistic effects of temperature and humidity on public health, the effects of climate change on indoor and outdoor air quality as they impact health, and current and future approaches to meeting climate change challenges to health. The review is based on the latest work published by international organizations: the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP), World Meteorological Organization(WMO), World Health Organization(WHO), as well as scholars at home and abroad. Effective measures and strategies to cope with and mitigate the impact of global climate change on public health are suggested. The suggested strategies to address anticipated impacts of climate change are from the IPCC, the 24 th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC COP 24), European heat wave-health action plans and national policies developed in China such as the "Healthy China 2030" plan. These can provide guidance for public health policy and action as China's pro-actively responds to climate change so as to mitigate its health risks.
引文
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