太阳辐射对稻田甲烷排放的影响
|
摘要
太阳辐射减弱是气候变化的主要特征之一,而太阳辐射减弱对稻田甲烷(CH_4)排放的影响尚不明确,且缺少高光谱遥感用于估算稻田CH_4排放的研究.通过田间模拟试验,研究了不同遮阴强度对稻田CH_4排放和水稻冠层光谱特征的影响,并基于冠层高光谱数据估算了CH_4排放通量.采用单因子试验设计,遮阴强度设3个水平,即对照(不遮阴,CK)、轻度遮阴(S_1,单层遮阴,遮阴率为60%)和重度遮阴(S_2,双层遮阴,遮阴率为84%).结果表明:与对照相比,遮阴明显降低了稻田CH_4排放,但重度遮阴下CH_4排放高于轻度遮阴;近红外波段水稻冠层反射率表现为CK>S_2>S_1;水稻冠层光谱反射率(699～1349 nm)与CH_4排放通量呈极显著正相关,最高相关系数达0.64,6种植被指数与CH_4排放通量也呈极显著相关,其中比值植被指数(RVI)与CH_4排放通量的相关系数最大,达0.84;建立了以RVI、归一化植被指数(NDVI)和507 nm原始反射率(ρ_(507))为参数估算CH_4排放通量的逐步回归模型,决定系数R~2分别为0.86和0.85,利用该模型可为开展区域稻田温室气体排放的遥感监测提供试验依据.
Decrease in solar radiation is one of the main components of climate change. Studies aimed at examining the effects of decreased solar radiation on CH_4 emission and estimation of CH_4 emission based on hyperspectral data in paddy fields are still scarce. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of shading intensity on CH_4 emission in a paddy field and rice canopy hyperspectral properties. CH_4 emission flux was estimated with rice canopy hyperspectral data. The shading intensities were set at three levels, i.e. control(CK, no shading), light shading(S_1, 60% of shading rate), and heavy shading(S_2, 84% of shading rate). The results showed that shading significantly reduced CH_4 emission. However, CH_4 emission under heavy shading(S_2) was higher than that under light shading(S_1). The reflectance of the near-infrared spectrum on rice canopy from the jointing stage to grain filling stage was in the sequence of CK>S_2>S_1. The spectral reflectance on rice canopy was significantly and positively correlated with CH_4 flux in the near-infrared band(699-1349 nm), with a correlation coefficient of 0.64(P<0.01). The six vegetation indices were significantly correlated with CH_4 flux. The correlation coefficient between Ratio Vegetation Index(RVI) and CH_4 flux was the largest, with R~2=0.84(P<0.01). The stepwise regression model with RVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), and 507 nm original reflectance(ρ_(507)) parameters was the best one(fitting model R~2=0.86, prediction model R~2=0.85) for estimating CH_4 emission.
Decrease in solar radiation is one of the main components of climate change. Studies aimed at examining the effects of decreased solar radiation on CH_4 emission and estimation of CH_4 emission based on hyperspectral data in paddy fields are still scarce. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of shading intensity on CH_4 emission in a paddy field and rice canopy hyperspectral properties. CH_4 emission flux was estimated with rice canopy hyperspectral data. The shading intensities were set at three levels, i.e. control(CK, no shading), light shading(S_1, 60% of shading rate), and heavy shading(S_2, 84% of shading rate). The results showed that shading significantly reduced CH_4 emission. However, CH_4 emission under heavy shading(S_2) was higher than that under light shading(S_1). The reflectance of the near-infrared spectrum on rice canopy from the jointing stage to grain filling stage was in the sequence of CK>S_2>S_1. The spectral reflectance on rice canopy was significantly and positively correlated with CH_4 flux in the near-infrared band(699-1349 nm), with a correlation coefficient of 0.64(P<0.01). The six vegetation indices were significantly correlated with CH_4 flux. The correlation coefficient between Ratio Vegetation Index(RVI) and CH_4 flux was the largest, with R~2=0.84(P<0.01). The stepwise regression model with RVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), and 507 nm original reflectance(ρ_(507)) parameters was the best one(fitting model R~2=0.86, prediction model R~2=0.85) for estimating CH_4 emission.
引文
[1] Qi Y (齐月),Fang S-B (房世波),Zhou W-Z (周文佐).Variation and spatial distribution of surface solar radiation in China over recent 50 years.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2014,34(24):7444-7453 (in Chinese)
[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014
[3] Wang K (汪凯),Ye H (叶红),Chen F (陈峰),et al.Long-term change of solar radiation in southeastern China:Variation,factors,and climate forcing.Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报),2010,19(5):1119-1124 (in Chinese)
[4] Chen Y,Wang P,Zhang Z,et al.Rice yield development and the shrinking yield gaps in China,1981-2008.Regional Environmental Change,2017,17:2397-2408
[5] Wang Y,Lu Y,Chang Z,et al.Transcriptomic analysis of field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveals responses to shade stress in reproductive stage.Plant Growth Regulation,2018,84:1-10
[6] Pan S,Liu H,Mo Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen and shading on root morphologies,nutrient accumulation,and photosynthetic parameters in different rice genotypes.Scientific Reports,2016,6:32148
[7] Zhu P (朱萍),Yang S-M (杨世民),Ma J (马均),et al.Effect of shading on the photosynthetic chara-cteristics and yield at later growth stage of hybrid rice combination.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2008,34(11):2003-2009 (in Chinese)
[8] Guo C-H (郭翠花),Gao Z-Q (高志强),Miao G-Y (苗果园).Effect of shading at post flowering on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and response of grain yield and quality to shading in wheat.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2010,36(4):673-679 (in Chinese)
[9] Diaz-Perez JC.Bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) crop as affected by shade level:Microenvironment,plant growth,leaf gas exchange,and leaf mineral nutrient concentration.HortScience,2013,48:175-182
[10] Wang L,Deng F,Ren WJ.Shading tolerance in rice is related to better light harvesting and use efficiency and grain filling rate during grain filling period.Field Crops Research,2015,180:54-62
[11] Du Y-X (杜彦修),Ji X (季新),Zhang J (张静),et al.Research progress on the impacts of low light intensity on rice growth and development.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2013,21(11):1307-1317 (in Chinese)
[12] Solomon S,Qin D,Manning M,et al.Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Wor-king Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Summary for Policymakers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:95-123
[13] Du P-J (杜培军),Xia J-S (夏俊士),Xue Z-H (薛朝辉),et al.Review of hyperspectral remote sensing image classification.Journal of Remote Sensing (遥感学报),2016,20(2):236-256 (in Chinese)
[14] Tokida T,Cheng W,Adachi M,et al.The contribution of entrapped gas bubbles to the soil methane pool and their role in methane emission from rice paddy soil in free-air [CO2] enrichment and soil warming experiments.Plant and Soil,2012,364:131-143
[15] Fu Z-Q (傅志强),Huang H (黄璜),He B-L (何保良),et al.Correlation between rice plant aerenchyma system and methane emission from paddy field.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2007,33(9):1458-1467 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhang G,Yu H,Fan X,et al.Carbon isotope fractionation reveals distinct process of CH4 emission from diffe-rent compartments of paddy ecosystem.Scientific Reports,2016,6:27065
[17] Yang F (杨峰),Fan Y-M (范亚民),Li J-L (李建龙),et al.Estimating LAI and CCD of rice and wheat using hyperspectral remote sensing data.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2010,26(2):237-243 (in Chinese)
[18] Tang H,Brolly M,Zhao F,et al.Deriving and validating leaf area index (LAI) at multiple spatial scales through lidar remote sensing:A case study in Sierra National Forest,CA.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,143:131-141
[19] Heege HJ,Reusch S,Thiessen E.Prospects and results for optical systems for site-specific on-the-go control of nitrogen-top-dressing in Germany.Precision Agriculture,2008,9:115-131
[20] Guo Y (郭颖),Guo Z-X (郭治兴),Liu J (刘佳),et al.Hyperspectral inversion of paddy soil iron oxide in a typical subtropical area with Pearl River Delta,China as illustration.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(11):3675-3683 (in Chinese)
[21] Meng L (孟雷),Wu Y-F (武永峰),Hu X (胡新),et al.Use hyperspectral data for detecting late frost injury to wheat under different topsoil moistures.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (光谱学与光谱分析),2017,37(5):1482-1488 (in Chinese)
[22] Liu K (刘轲),Zhou Q-B (周清波),Wu W-B (吴文斌),et al.Comparison between multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for LAI estimation.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(3):155-162 (in Chinese)
[23] Yang J (杨杰),Tian Y-C (田永超),Yao X (姚霞),et al.Estimating leaf carotenoid content with hyperspectral parameters in rice.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2010,34(7):845-854 (in Chinese)
[24] Tan C-W (谭昌伟),Zhou Q-B (周清波),Qi L (齐腊),et al.Hyperspectral remote sensing diagnosis model of rice plant nitrogen nutrition status.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2008,19(6):1261-1268 (in Chinese)
[25] Qin Z-F (秦占飞),Chang Q-R (常庆瑞),Xie B-N (谢宝妮),et al.Rice leaf nitrogen content estimation based on hysperspectral imagery of UAV in Yellow River diversion irrigation district.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(23):77-85 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang Y-H (张永贺),Chen W-H (陈文惠),Guo Q-Y (郭乔影),et al.Hyperspectral estimation models for photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves of Eucalyptus.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(3):876-887 (in Chinese)
[27] Zheng Y-Q (郑玉权).Development status of remote sensing instruments for greenhouse gases.Chinese Optics (中国光学),2011,4(6):546-561 (in Chinese)
[28] MoreiraScafutto RD,Filho CRS,Riley DN,et al.Eva-luation of thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery for the detection of onshore methane plumes:Significance for hydrocarbon exploration and monitoring.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2018,64:311-325
[29] Lou Y-S (娄运生),Zhou W-L (周文鳞).Effect of elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on CH4 emission in herbicide resistant transgenic rice from a paddy soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(15):4731-4736 (in Chinese)
[30] Huang J-F (黄敬峰),Wang F-M (王福民),Wang X-Z (王秀珍).Hyperspectral Experiment for Paddy Rice Remote Sensing.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[31] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Effect of pre-flowering light deficiency on biomass accumulation and physiological characteristics of rice.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2011,19(2):347-352 (in Chinese)
[32] Chauhan BS.Effect of shade on growth and yield of weedy rice (L.) biotypes and a rice (L.) cultivar from Asia.Journal of Crop Improvement,2013,27:272-280
[33] Liu Q-H (刘奇华),Zhou X-B (周学标),Yang L-Q (杨连群),et al.Effects of early growth stage shading on rice flag leaf physiological characters and grain growth at grain-filling stage.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2009,20(9):2135-2141 (in Chinese)
[34] Zhen B (甄博),Guo S-L (郭树龙),Zhou X-G (周新国),et al.Effects of different paddy field drainage degrees on rice growth in the farmland vulnerable to waterlogging in the South of China.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报),2014,33(6):47-50 (in Chinese)
[35] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Effect of light deficiency during diffe-rent growth stages on grain yield and quality of super-hybrid rice,Ⅱ Youhang 2.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (福建农业学报),2013,28(2):107-112 (in Chinese)
[36] Gommers CMM,Visser EJW,Onge KRS,et al.Shade tolerance:When growing tall is not an option.Trends in Plant Science,2013,18:65-71
[37] Xu F (徐飞),Guo W-H (郭卫华),Xu W-H (徐伟红),et al.Effects of light intensity on growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2010,30(12):3098-3107 (in Chinese)
[38] Xie L-Y (谢立勇),Xu J (许婧),Guo L-P (郭李萍),et al.Impact of water/fertilizer management on methane emission in paddy fields and on global warming potential.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2017,25(7):958-967 (in Chinese)
[39] Jiang Y (江瑜),Guan D-H (管大海),Zhang W-J (张卫建).The effect of rice plant traits on methane emissions from paddy fields:A review.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2018,26(2):175-181 (in Chinese)
[40] Zhong J (钟娟),Fu Z-Q (傅志强),Liu L (刘莉),et al.Correlation analysis of methane transport capacity and root characteristics in rice.Crops (作物杂志),2017(4):105-112 (in Chinese)
[41] Qin J-Q (秦建权),Li D-Q (李迪秦),Zhang Y-B (张运波),et al.Effects of shading on growth and yield formation of rice.Crop Research (作物研究),2007,21(5):598-603 (in Chinese)
[42] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Ecological effect of pre-flowering light deficit on the rhizosphere soil microbes of rice.Science and Technology Review (科技导报),2011,29(7):26-30 (in Chinese)
[43] Yue K (越昆),Liu S-D (刘寿东),Li X-H (李旭辉),et al.An analysis of plastic film optical property in shading experiment simulating haze effects on crop yield.Science Technology and Engineering (科学技术与工程),2016,16(9):1-6 (in Chinese)
[44] Gauci V,Dise NB,Howell G,et al.Suppression of rice methane emission by sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2015,113:159-169
[45] Su J,Hu C,Yan X,et al.Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice.Nature,2015,523:602-606
[46] Shi C-Y (施成艳),Jiang H (江洪),Wang K (王可).Spectral characteristics and chlorophyll content of hardleaf oatchestnut and Schima superba Gardn et Champ at different levels of shading.Remote Sensing Information (遥感信息),2012,27(4):96-100 (in Chinese)
[47] Yu K (于堃),Song J (宋静),Gao P (高苹).Characteristics of heat damage for rice in Jiangsu Pro-vince.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (气象科学),2010,30(4):530-533 (in Chinese)
[48] Guo J-M (郭建茂),Wang Q (王迁),Tong Y-X (童应详),et al.Effect of solar radiation intensity and observation angle on canopy reflectance hyperspectra for winter wheat.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(10):157-163 (in Chinese)
[49] Zhu H-W (朱怀卫),Lou Y-S (娄运生),Shi Y-F (石一凡),et al.Effects of silicon supply on reflectance spectroscopy characteristics of rice canopy under eleva-ted UV-B radiation.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2017,38(3):172-180 (in Chinese)
[50] Zhang Y-S (张元帅),Feng W (冯伟),Zhang H-Y (张海艳),et al.Effects of shading and nitrogen rate on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield of winter wheat.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2016,24(9):1177-1184 (in Chinese)
[51] Wang Y (王颖),Lou Y-S (娄运生),Shi Y-F (石一凡),et al.Methane emission in response to nighttime warming and its hyperspectral estimation in a paddy field.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2018,38(14):5099-5108 (in Chinese)
[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis.Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2014
[3] Wang K (汪凯),Ye H (叶红),Chen F (陈峰),et al.Long-term change of solar radiation in southeastern China:Variation,factors,and climate forcing.Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报),2010,19(5):1119-1124 (in Chinese)
[4] Chen Y,Wang P,Zhang Z,et al.Rice yield development and the shrinking yield gaps in China,1981-2008.Regional Environmental Change,2017,17:2397-2408
[5] Wang Y,Lu Y,Chang Z,et al.Transcriptomic analysis of field-grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) reveals responses to shade stress in reproductive stage.Plant Growth Regulation,2018,84:1-10
[6] Pan S,Liu H,Mo Z,et al.Effects of nitrogen and shading on root morphologies,nutrient accumulation,and photosynthetic parameters in different rice genotypes.Scientific Reports,2016,6:32148
[7] Zhu P (朱萍),Yang S-M (杨世民),Ma J (马均),et al.Effect of shading on the photosynthetic chara-cteristics and yield at later growth stage of hybrid rice combination.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2008,34(11):2003-2009 (in Chinese)
[8] Guo C-H (郭翠花),Gao Z-Q (高志强),Miao G-Y (苗果园).Effect of shading at post flowering on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and response of grain yield and quality to shading in wheat.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2010,36(4):673-679 (in Chinese)
[9] Diaz-Perez JC.Bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) crop as affected by shade level:Microenvironment,plant growth,leaf gas exchange,and leaf mineral nutrient concentration.HortScience,2013,48:175-182
[10] Wang L,Deng F,Ren WJ.Shading tolerance in rice is related to better light harvesting and use efficiency and grain filling rate during grain filling period.Field Crops Research,2015,180:54-62
[11] Du Y-X (杜彦修),Ji X (季新),Zhang J (张静),et al.Research progress on the impacts of low light intensity on rice growth and development.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2013,21(11):1307-1317 (in Chinese)
[12] Solomon S,Qin D,Manning M,et al.Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Wor-king Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Summary for Policymakers.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:95-123
[13] Du P-J (杜培军),Xia J-S (夏俊士),Xue Z-H (薛朝辉),et al.Review of hyperspectral remote sensing image classification.Journal of Remote Sensing (遥感学报),2016,20(2):236-256 (in Chinese)
[14] Tokida T,Cheng W,Adachi M,et al.The contribution of entrapped gas bubbles to the soil methane pool and their role in methane emission from rice paddy soil in free-air [CO2] enrichment and soil warming experiments.Plant and Soil,2012,364:131-143
[15] Fu Z-Q (傅志强),Huang H (黄璜),He B-L (何保良),et al.Correlation between rice plant aerenchyma system and methane emission from paddy field.Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报),2007,33(9):1458-1467 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhang G,Yu H,Fan X,et al.Carbon isotope fractionation reveals distinct process of CH4 emission from diffe-rent compartments of paddy ecosystem.Scientific Reports,2016,6:27065
[17] Yang F (杨峰),Fan Y-M (范亚民),Li J-L (李建龙),et al.Estimating LAI and CCD of rice and wheat using hyperspectral remote sensing data.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2010,26(2):237-243 (in Chinese)
[18] Tang H,Brolly M,Zhao F,et al.Deriving and validating leaf area index (LAI) at multiple spatial scales through lidar remote sensing:A case study in Sierra National Forest,CA.Remote Sensing of Environment,2014,143:131-141
[19] Heege HJ,Reusch S,Thiessen E.Prospects and results for optical systems for site-specific on-the-go control of nitrogen-top-dressing in Germany.Precision Agriculture,2008,9:115-131
[20] Guo Y (郭颖),Guo Z-X (郭治兴),Liu J (刘佳),et al.Hyperspectral inversion of paddy soil iron oxide in a typical subtropical area with Pearl River Delta,China as illustration.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(11):3675-3683 (in Chinese)
[21] Meng L (孟雷),Wu Y-F (武永峰),Hu X (胡新),et al.Use hyperspectral data for detecting late frost injury to wheat under different topsoil moistures.Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis (光谱学与光谱分析),2017,37(5):1482-1488 (in Chinese)
[22] Liu K (刘轲),Zhou Q-B (周清波),Wu W-B (吴文斌),et al.Comparison between multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for LAI estimation.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(3):155-162 (in Chinese)
[23] Yang J (杨杰),Tian Y-C (田永超),Yao X (姚霞),et al.Estimating leaf carotenoid content with hyperspectral parameters in rice.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2010,34(7):845-854 (in Chinese)
[24] Tan C-W (谭昌伟),Zhou Q-B (周清波),Qi L (齐腊),et al.Hyperspectral remote sensing diagnosis model of rice plant nitrogen nutrition status.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2008,19(6):1261-1268 (in Chinese)
[25] Qin Z-F (秦占飞),Chang Q-R (常庆瑞),Xie B-N (谢宝妮),et al.Rice leaf nitrogen content estimation based on hysperspectral imagery of UAV in Yellow River diversion irrigation district.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(23):77-85 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang Y-H (张永贺),Chen W-H (陈文惠),Guo Q-Y (郭乔影),et al.Hyperspectral estimation models for photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves of Eucalyptus.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2013,33(3):876-887 (in Chinese)
[27] Zheng Y-Q (郑玉权).Development status of remote sensing instruments for greenhouse gases.Chinese Optics (中国光学),2011,4(6):546-561 (in Chinese)
[28] MoreiraScafutto RD,Filho CRS,Riley DN,et al.Eva-luation of thermal infrared hyperspectral imagery for the detection of onshore methane plumes:Significance for hydrocarbon exploration and monitoring.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2018,64:311-325
[29] Lou Y-S (娄运生),Zhou W-L (周文鳞).Effect of elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on CH4 emission in herbicide resistant transgenic rice from a paddy soil.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(15):4731-4736 (in Chinese)
[30] Huang J-F (黄敬峰),Wang F-M (王福民),Wang X-Z (王秀珍).Hyperspectral Experiment for Paddy Rice Remote Sensing.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2010 (in Chinese)
[31] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Effect of pre-flowering light deficiency on biomass accumulation and physiological characteristics of rice.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2011,19(2):347-352 (in Chinese)
[32] Chauhan BS.Effect of shade on growth and yield of weedy rice (L.) biotypes and a rice (L.) cultivar from Asia.Journal of Crop Improvement,2013,27:272-280
[33] Liu Q-H (刘奇华),Zhou X-B (周学标),Yang L-Q (杨连群),et al.Effects of early growth stage shading on rice flag leaf physiological characters and grain growth at grain-filling stage.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2009,20(9):2135-2141 (in Chinese)
[34] Zhen B (甄博),Guo S-L (郭树龙),Zhou X-G (周新国),et al.Effects of different paddy field drainage degrees on rice growth in the farmland vulnerable to waterlogging in the South of China.Journal of Irrigation and Drainage (灌溉排水学报),2014,33(6):47-50 (in Chinese)
[35] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Effect of light deficiency during diffe-rent growth stages on grain yield and quality of super-hybrid rice,Ⅱ Youhang 2.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (福建农业学报),2013,28(2):107-112 (in Chinese)
[36] Gommers CMM,Visser EJW,Onge KRS,et al.Shade tolerance:When growing tall is not an option.Trends in Plant Science,2013,18:65-71
[37] Xu F (徐飞),Guo W-H (郭卫华),Xu W-H (徐伟红),et al.Effects of light intensity on growth and photosynthesis of seedlings of Quercus acutissima and Robinia pseudoacacia.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2010,30(12):3098-3107 (in Chinese)
[38] Xie L-Y (谢立勇),Xu J (许婧),Guo L-P (郭李萍),et al.Impact of water/fertilizer management on methane emission in paddy fields and on global warming potential.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2017,25(7):958-967 (in Chinese)
[39] Jiang Y (江瑜),Guan D-H (管大海),Zhang W-J (张卫建).The effect of rice plant traits on methane emissions from paddy fields:A review.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2018,26(2):175-181 (in Chinese)
[40] Zhong J (钟娟),Fu Z-Q (傅志强),Liu L (刘莉),et al.Correlation analysis of methane transport capacity and root characteristics in rice.Crops (作物杂志),2017(4):105-112 (in Chinese)
[41] Qin J-Q (秦建权),Li D-Q (李迪秦),Zhang Y-B (张运波),et al.Effects of shading on growth and yield formation of rice.Crop Research (作物研究),2007,21(5):598-603 (in Chinese)
[42] Yang D (杨东),Duan L-S (段留生),Xie H-A (谢华安),et al.Ecological effect of pre-flowering light deficit on the rhizosphere soil microbes of rice.Science and Technology Review (科技导报),2011,29(7):26-30 (in Chinese)
[43] Yue K (越昆),Liu S-D (刘寿东),Li X-H (李旭辉),et al.An analysis of plastic film optical property in shading experiment simulating haze effects on crop yield.Science Technology and Engineering (科学技术与工程),2016,16(9):1-6 (in Chinese)
[44] Gauci V,Dise NB,Howell G,et al.Suppression of rice methane emission by sulfate deposition in simulated acid rain.Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences,2015,113:159-169
[45] Su J,Hu C,Yan X,et al.Expression of barley SUSIBA2 transcription factor yields high-starch low-methane rice.Nature,2015,523:602-606
[46] Shi C-Y (施成艳),Jiang H (江洪),Wang K (王可).Spectral characteristics and chlorophyll content of hardleaf oatchestnut and Schima superba Gardn et Champ at different levels of shading.Remote Sensing Information (遥感信息),2012,27(4):96-100 (in Chinese)
[47] Yu K (于堃),Song J (宋静),Gao P (高苹).Characteristics of heat damage for rice in Jiangsu Pro-vince.Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (气象科学),2010,30(4):530-533 (in Chinese)
[48] Guo J-M (郭建茂),Wang Q (王迁),Tong Y-X (童应详),et al.Effect of solar radiation intensity and observation angle on canopy reflectance hyperspectra for winter wheat.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报),2016,32(10):157-163 (in Chinese)
[49] Zhu H-W (朱怀卫),Lou Y-S (娄运生),Shi Y-F (石一凡),et al.Effects of silicon supply on reflectance spectroscopy characteristics of rice canopy under eleva-ted UV-B radiation.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology (中国农业气象),2017,38(3):172-180 (in Chinese)
[50] Zhang Y-S (张元帅),Feng W (冯伟),Zhang H-Y (张海艳),et al.Effects of shading and nitrogen rate on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield of winter wheat.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报),2016,24(9):1177-1184 (in Chinese)
[51] Wang Y (王颖),Lou Y-S (娄运生),Shi Y-F (石一凡),et al.Methane emission in response to nighttime warming and its hyperspectral estimation in a paddy field.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2018,38(14):5099-5108 (in Chinese)
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |