5种稻田除草剂对羊角月芽藻的生长抑制研究
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摘要
[目的]评价5种稻田除草剂(37.5%二甲四氯钠·灭草松水剂、20%嘧啶肟草醚·氰氟草酯可分散油悬浮剂、30%五氟磺草胺·吡嘧磺隆·丙草胺可分散油悬浮剂、5%丙炔噁草酮乳油、80%丙炔噁草酮可湿性粉剂)对羊角月芽藻生长的抑制作用。[方法]参照《农化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》,分别测定5种供试药剂对羊角月芽藻生物量增长的抑制率和生长率的抑制率,计算半效应浓度EyC_(50)和ErC_(50)。[结果]37.5%二甲四氯钠·灭草松水剂对羊角月芽藻表现为低毒;20%嘧啶肟草醚·氰氟草酯、30%五·吡·丙草胺可分散油悬浮剂、5%丙炔噁草酮乳油、80%丙炔噁草酮可湿性粉剂对羊角月芽藻均表现中高毒性,对绿藻存在较大风险。[结论]稻田高毒除草剂在实际生产应用中应严格控制用量,尽量减小其对绿藻及水生态系统造成危害。
[Objective] To evaluate the growth inhibition of five paddy herbicides on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. [Method] The inhibition rate of the yield and average growth rate of five paddy herbicides on P. subcapitata were determined, and the median effective concentration EyC_(50) and ErC_(50) were calculated referring to Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides. [Result] The acute toxicity of MCPA-Na·bentazone on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was low toxic;the acute toxicity of penoxsulam·pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·pretilachlor, pyribenzoxim·cyhalofop-butyl and oxadiargyl were mid-high toxic, and they were higher risk to green algae. [Conclusion] The dosage of these paddy high-toxic herbicides should be strictly controlled to minimize their harm to the green algae and water ecosystem.
[Objective] To evaluate the growth inhibition of five paddy herbicides on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. [Method] The inhibition rate of the yield and average growth rate of five paddy herbicides on P. subcapitata were determined, and the median effective concentration EyC_(50) and ErC_(50) were calculated referring to Test Guidelines on Environmental Safety Assessment for Chemical Pesticides. [Result] The acute toxicity of MCPA-Na·bentazone on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was low toxic;the acute toxicity of penoxsulam·pyrazosulfuron-ethyl·pretilachlor, pyribenzoxim·cyhalofop-butyl and oxadiargyl were mid-high toxic, and they were higher risk to green algae. [Conclusion] The dosage of these paddy high-toxic herbicides should be strictly controlled to minimize their harm to the green algae and water ecosystem.
引文
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[15] 潘波,方佳,林勇,等.丁硫克百威原药和制剂对蚯蚓的毒性及其降解产物克百威的动态变化[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(11):2272-2277.
[16] 韩志华,周军英,程燕,等.不同剂型二嗪磷制剂及原药对鸟类的毒性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(5):2033-2038.
[17] 姬小雪,王菲菲,刘政军,等.8种稻田常用杀虫剂原药和制剂对家蚕的急性毒性与安全性评价[J].农药,2018,57(9):654-657.
[18] 辉胜农药.2018年我国水稻田除草剂的最新登记情况[J].农药市场信息,2018(29):30.
[19] 沈俭龙,纪明山,田宏哲.农药的水环境化学行为研究进展[J].农药,2015,54(4):248-250.
[20] 何健,孔德洋,李菊颖,等.苯氧羧酸类除草剂在水-沉积物系统中降解特性[J].农药,2015,54(7):487-489.
[2] CAPEL P D,LARSON S J,WINTERSTEIN T A.The behavior of thirty-nine pesticides in surface waters as a function of scale[J].Hedrological processes,2001,15:1251-1269.
[3] 倪妍,王毛兰,赖劲虎,等.除草剂对藻类的生态毒理学研究述评[J].江西农业大学学报,2014,36(3):536-541.
[4] 钱海丰,陈思,金瑜剑.藻类在除草剂生物毒性安全评估中的应用[J].浙江工业大学学报,2017,45(1):32-36.
[5] 孔玄庆,郭军,金晨钟,等.农药与藻类互作的研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2016(5):222-224,228.
[6] 叶丹,陈洁,袁琳,等.除草剂对3种绿藻的毒性测试研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(18):82-86.
[7] 谭建仪,卢泽镔,李祥英,等.吡嘧磺隆对3种藻的生长抑制及安全性评价[J].农业工程技术,2018,38(8):18.
[8] 杜丽娜,曹宇,穆玉峰,等.羊角月牙藻在制药废水毒性评价中的应用[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(12):1525-1531.
[9] 张燕宁,张兰,毛连纲,等.26种除草剂对斜生栅藻的生长抑制活性[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(23):132-133,173.
[10] 沈艳,陈亮,孙如意,等.噻呋酰胺对3 种水生物的急性毒性与安全性评价[J].农药,2016,55(11):817-820.
[11] 陈兆杰,宋世明,雷雨豪,等.3种水稻除草剂对2种水生生物的急性毒性及安全性评价[J].农药,2017,56(11):819-823.
[12] 张敏敏,慕卫,刘峰.不同作用机制除草剂对斜生栅藻的急性毒性评价[J].农药,2012,51(10):745-747.
[13] 曲甍甍,杨亚哲,瞿唯钢,等.化学农药环境安全评价试验准则第14部分:藻类生长抑制试验:GB/T 31270.14—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[14] AHLGREN G,LUNDSTEDT L,BRETT M,et al.Lipid composition and food quality of some freshwater phytoplankton for cladoceran zooplankters[J].Journal of plankton research,1990,12(4):809-818.
[15] 潘波,方佳,林勇,等.丁硫克百威原药和制剂对蚯蚓的毒性及其降解产物克百威的动态变化[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(11):2272-2277.
[16] 韩志华,周军英,程燕,等.不同剂型二嗪磷制剂及原药对鸟类的毒性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(5):2033-2038.
[17] 姬小雪,王菲菲,刘政军,等.8种稻田常用杀虫剂原药和制剂对家蚕的急性毒性与安全性评价[J].农药,2018,57(9):654-657.
[18] 辉胜农药.2018年我国水稻田除草剂的最新登记情况[J].农药市场信息,2018(29):30.
[19] 沈俭龙,纪明山,田宏哲.农药的水环境化学行为研究进展[J].农药,2015,54(4):248-250.
[20] 何健,孔德洋,李菊颖,等.苯氧羧酸类除草剂在水-沉积物系统中降解特性[J].农药,2015,54(7):487-489.
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