草型湖区沉积物营养盐分布与污染评价
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摘要
为阐明太湖草型湖区表层沉积物营养盐的空间分布及其污染特征,测定了胥口湾60个表层沉积物样中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和有机质(OM)的含量,分析其污染水平与来源.结果表明,胥口湾表层沉积物中TN、TP、AN、AP和OM平均含量分别为1 027. 5、423. 2、46. 4、15. 3和17 096. 6 mg·kg-1,且在空间分布上均呈现出胥口湾东北部湖区高于其他湖区的特点.胥口湾表层沉积物中TN和TP单项评价指数(STN和STP)平均值分别为1. 75和0. 91,表明TN和TP分别处于中度和轻度污染状态;综合污染指数(FF)的平均值为1. 57,整体上处于中度污染状态.在有机指数和有机氮评价中,整体上处于清洁状态. C/N比值表明胥口湾表层沉积物中生物沉积的有机质主要来源为无纤维束植物和浮游植物.相关性分析表明,胥口湾表层沉积物中有机质与总氮具有同源性,但与总磷不具有同源性.
To clarify the spatial distribution and pollution status of nutrients in the surface sediments from a macrophyte-dominated zone in Lake Taihu,total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP),alkali nitrogen( AN),available phosphorus( AP),and organic matter( OM) were measured at 60 sampling sites in Xukou Bay. A pollution evaluation and source apportionment analysis of these nutrients was also carried out. The average contents of TN,TP,AN,AP,and OM in the surface sediments of Xukou Bay were 1 027. 5,423. 2,46. 4,15. 3,and 17 096. 6 mg·kg-1,respectively,with the OM content being significantly higher in the northeast zone than in other areas of the bay. The average value of STNand STPwas 1. 75 and 0. 91,respectively,indicating that TN and TP represent moderate and mild levels of pollution,respectively. The average comprehensive pollution index( FF) was 1. 57,indicated that the surface sediment was moderately polluted. The observed organic pollution index indicated that the surface sediments in Xukou Bay were generally clean.Based on C/N values, organic matter in the surface sediments is derived from the bio-deposition of non-fibrous plants and phytoplankton. Based on correlation analysis,OM and TN in the surface sediments of Xukou Bay are derived from the same source,while TP is derived from an alternative source.
To clarify the spatial distribution and pollution status of nutrients in the surface sediments from a macrophyte-dominated zone in Lake Taihu,total nitrogen( TN),total phosphorus( TP),alkali nitrogen( AN),available phosphorus( AP),and organic matter( OM) were measured at 60 sampling sites in Xukou Bay. A pollution evaluation and source apportionment analysis of these nutrients was also carried out. The average contents of TN,TP,AN,AP,and OM in the surface sediments of Xukou Bay were 1 027. 5,423. 2,46. 4,15. 3,and 17 096. 6 mg·kg-1,respectively,with the OM content being significantly higher in the northeast zone than in other areas of the bay. The average value of STNand STPwas 1. 75 and 0. 91,respectively,indicating that TN and TP represent moderate and mild levels of pollution,respectively. The average comprehensive pollution index( FF) was 1. 57,indicated that the surface sediment was moderately polluted. The observed organic pollution index indicated that the surface sediments in Xukou Bay were generally clean.Based on C/N values, organic matter in the surface sediments is derived from the bio-deposition of non-fibrous plants and phytoplankton. Based on correlation analysis,OM and TN in the surface sediments of Xukou Bay are derived from the same source,while TP is derived from an alternative source.
引文
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[14] Dong B L,Qin B Q,Li W,et al. Growth and community composition of submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu(China):assessment of changes in response to sediment characteristics[J].Wetlands,2017,37(2):233-243.
[15]杨洋,刘其根,胡忠军,等.太湖流域沉积物碳氮磷分布与污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(12):3057-3064.Yang Y,Liu Q G,Hu Z J,et al. Spatial distribution of sediment carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus and pollution evaluation of sediment in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(12):3057-3064.
[16]王佩,卢少勇,王殿武,等.太湖湖滨带底泥氮、磷、有机质分布与污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):703-709.Wang P,Lu S Y,Wang D W,et al. Nitrogen,phosphorous and organic matter spatial distribution characteristics and their pollution status evaluation of sediments nutrients in lakeside zones of Taihu Lake[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(4):703-709.
[17]邱祖凯,胡小贞,姚程,等.山美水库沉积物氮磷和有机质污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1389-1396.Qiu Z K,Hu X Z,Yao C,et al. Pollution characteristics and evaluation of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in sediments of Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1389-1396.
[18] Squires M M,Lesack L F W. The relation between sediment nutrient content and macrophyte biomass and community structure along a water transparency gradient among lakes of the Mackenzie Delta[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2003,60(3):333-343.
[19]熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):925-934.Xiong C H,Zhang R L,Wu X D,et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of nutrient and heavy metals in surface sediments from Lake Gehu in southern Jiangsu Province,China[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(3):925-934.
[20]李森.查干湖低温期内源磷的释放及其对富营养化的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.
[21]张晓军.乌梁素海富营养化不同程度湖区水体和沉积物微生物群落多样性及进化分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[22]袁和忠,沈吉,刘恩峰,等.太湖水体及表层沉积物磷空间分布特征及差异性分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):954-960.Yuan H Z, Shen J, Liu E F, et al. Space distribution characteristics and diversity analysis of phosphorus from overlying water and surface sediments in Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(4):954-960.
[23]刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1258-1264.Liu C,Shao S G,Fan C X,et al. Distribution and release risk of nutrients in the sediments of heavily polluted confluence bay of Chaohu Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(11):1258-1264.
[24]叶宏萌,袁旭音,李国平,等.闽北建溪流域表层沉积物营养元素分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2018,37(11):2481-2488.Ye H M,Yuan X Y,Li G P,et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of nutrient elements in surface sediments of Jianxi Watershed in northern Fujian[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(11):2481-2488.
[25]王栋,孔繁翔,刘爱菊,等.生态疏浚对太湖五里湖湖区生态环境的影响[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(3):263-268.Wang D,Kong F X,Liu A J,et al. Analysis of the influence of the ecological dredging to ecosystem of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2005,17(3):263-268.
[26]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):385-392.Mao Z G,Gu X H,Lu X M,et al. Ecological effects of dredging on aquatic ecosystem in the different regions of eastern Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(3):385-392.
[2] Varjo E,Liikanen A,Salonen V P,et al. A new gypsum-based technique to reduce methane and phophorus release from sediments of eutrophied lakes::(gypsum treatment to reduce internal loading)[J]. Water Research,2003,37(1):1-10.
[3] Burford M A,Green S A,Cook A J,et al. Sources and fate of nutrients in a subtropical reservoir[J]. Aquatic Sciences,2012,74(1):179-190.
[4]孙宁波.黄河三角洲平原型水库底泥磷特征的研究[D].青岛:青岛农业大学,2006.
[5]黄廷林,刘飞,史建超.水源水库沉积物中营养元素分布特征与污染评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):166-172.Huang T L,Liu F,Shi J C. Distribution characteristics and pollution status evaluation of sediments nutrients in a drinking water reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(1):166-172.
[6]于佳佳,尹洪斌,高永年,等.太湖流域沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征研究[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(6):2287-2294.Yu J J,Yin H B,Gao Y N,et al. Characteristics of nutrient and heavy metals pollution in sediments of Taihu watershed[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(6):2287-2294.
[7]卢少勇,许梦爽,金相灿,等.长寿湖表层沉积物氮磷和有机质污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):393-398.Lu S Y,Xu M S,Jin X C,et al. Pollution characteristics and evaluation of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Changshouhu in Chongqing, China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(2):393-398.
[8]张光贵.洞庭湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(2):25-31.Zhang G G. Characterization and ecological risk assessment of nutrients and heavy metal pollution in the surface sediments of Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2015,36(2):25-31.
[9]余辉,张文斌,卢少勇,等.洪泽湖表层底质营养盐的形态分布特征与评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):961-968.Yu H, Zhang W B, Lu S Y, et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of surface sediments nutrients in Lake Hongze and their pollution status evaluation[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(4):961-968.
[10]李如忠,李峰,周爱佳.巢湖十五里河水花生生长区沉积物及间隙水中营养盐的基本特性[J].环境科学,2012,33(9):3014-3023.Li R Z,Li F,Zhou A J. Sediment and pore water nutrient characteristics in growing zones of Alternanthera philoxeroides in the Shiwuli River,Chaohu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2012,33(9):3014-3023.
[11] Jarvie H P,Jürgens M D,Williams R J,et al. Role of river bed sediments as sources and sinks of phosphorus across two major eutrophic UK river basins:the Hampshire Avon and Herefordshire Wye[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2005,304(1-4):51-74.
[12]王圣瑞,倪栋,焦立新,等.鄱阳湖表层沉积物有机质和营养盐分布特征[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(1):23-28.Wang S R,Ni D,Jiao L X,et al. Space-time variety of organic matter and nutrient in surface sediments from Poyang Lake[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2012,2(1):23-28.
[13]郑小兰,文帅龙,李鑫,等.夏季太湖草/藻型湖区N2O生成与迁移特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2306-2315.Zheng X L,Wen S L,Li X,et al. Characteristics of N2O release and influencing factors in Grass-type and Algae-type zones of Taihu Lake during summer[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2306-2315.
[14] Dong B L,Qin B Q,Li W,et al. Growth and community composition of submerged macrophytes in Lake Taihu(China):assessment of changes in response to sediment characteristics[J].Wetlands,2017,37(2):233-243.
[15]杨洋,刘其根,胡忠军,等.太湖流域沉积物碳氮磷分布与污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(12):3057-3064.Yang Y,Liu Q G,Hu Z J,et al. Spatial distribution of sediment carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus and pollution evaluation of sediment in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(12):3057-3064.
[16]王佩,卢少勇,王殿武,等.太湖湖滨带底泥氮、磷、有机质分布与污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):703-709.Wang P,Lu S Y,Wang D W,et al. Nitrogen,phosphorous and organic matter spatial distribution characteristics and their pollution status evaluation of sediments nutrients in lakeside zones of Taihu Lake[J]. China Environmental Science,2012,32(4):703-709.
[17]邱祖凯,胡小贞,姚程,等.山美水库沉积物氮磷和有机质污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1389-1396.Qiu Z K,Hu X Z,Yao C,et al. Pollution characteristics and evaluation of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in sediments of Shanmei Reservoir in Fujian, China[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(4):1389-1396.
[18] Squires M M,Lesack L F W. The relation between sediment nutrient content and macrophyte biomass and community structure along a water transparency gradient among lakes of the Mackenzie Delta[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2003,60(3):333-343.
[19]熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):925-934.Xiong C H,Zhang R L,Wu X D,et al. Distribution and pollution assessment of nutrient and heavy metals in surface sediments from Lake Gehu in southern Jiangsu Province,China[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(3):925-934.
[20]李森.查干湖低温期内源磷的释放及其对富营养化的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.
[21]张晓军.乌梁素海富营养化不同程度湖区水体和沉积物微生物群落多样性及进化分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2011.
[22]袁和忠,沈吉,刘恩峰,等.太湖水体及表层沉积物磷空间分布特征及差异性分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):954-960.Yuan H Z, Shen J, Liu E F, et al. Space distribution characteristics and diversity analysis of phosphorus from overlying water and surface sediments in Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(4):954-960.
[23]刘成,邵世光,范成新,等.巢湖重污染汇流湾区沉积物营养盐分布与释放风险[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(11):1258-1264.Liu C,Shao S G,Fan C X,et al. Distribution and release risk of nutrients in the sediments of heavily polluted confluence bay of Chaohu Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(11):1258-1264.
[24]叶宏萌,袁旭音,李国平,等.闽北建溪流域表层沉积物营养元素分布特征及生态风险评价[J].环境化学,2018,37(11):2481-2488.Ye H M,Yuan X Y,Li G P,et al. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of nutrient elements in surface sediments of Jianxi Watershed in northern Fujian[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2018,37(11):2481-2488.
[25]王栋,孔繁翔,刘爱菊,等.生态疏浚对太湖五里湖湖区生态环境的影响[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(3):263-268.Wang D,Kong F X,Liu A J,et al. Analysis of the influence of the ecological dredging to ecosystem of Lake Wuli,Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2005,17(3):263-268.
[26]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等.太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):385-392.Mao Z G,Gu X H,Lu X M,et al. Ecological effects of dredging on aquatic ecosystem in the different regions of eastern Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(3):385-392.
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