太湖草型湖区沉积物中生物易降解物质组成与分布规律
|
摘要
为研究富营养化条件下草型湖区水生植物碎屑快速沉积对沉积物中有机质组成及营养状态的影响,选取太湖胥口湾为研究区,采集沉积物柱状样,探究沉积物中色素、碳、氮、磷及生物易降解物质的组成和分布规律.结果表明,胥口湾沉积物中色素、碳、氮、磷及生物易降解物质整体表现为表层富集特征,主要集中在沉积物表层15 cm;沉积物中氮负荷高于磷负荷,且存在显著的空间差异性;沉积物TN含量在127. 2～2 092. 8 mg·kg~(-1),沉积物TP含量在222. 1～528. 4 mg·kg~(-1),水生植物分布区(1 033. 6 mg·kg~(-1))氮负荷显著高于无植被区(325. 2 mg·kg~(-1)).沉积物中生物易降解物质以糖类(3. 7 mg·g-1)为主,其次是脂类(2. 8 mg·g-1)和蛋白质(2. 3 mg·g-1);水生植物碎屑残体是沉积物中营养盐和易降解有机质的主要来源,水生植物分布区沉积物中色素、碳、氮、磷及生物易降解有机质含量均显著高于无植被区(P <0. 01);胥口湾沉积物逐渐由中营养状态向富营养状态过渡,整体已经趋向于富营养化状态,在今后的湖泊管理和调控过程中需予以关注.
In shallow eutrophic lakes,benthic bioclastic deposits accumulate abundant organic carbon derived from macrophyte detritus. Taking the typical macrophyte-dominated Xukou Bay as the study area,field investigations were performed using sediment cores to evaluate benthic phytodetritus accumulation. Specifically,nutrient contents,TOC/TN ratios,pigmentation,and biodegradable compounds were measured as descriptive parameters. The results show that the benthic bioclastic deposit had accumulated abundant pigments,nutrients,and biodegradable compounds derived from macrophytes detritus. These were mainly localized in the top 15 cm of sediments. Nitrogen loading in the sediments was significantly higher than phosphorous loading,with a distinct spatial difference; the total nitrogen content ranged from 127. 2-2 092. 8 mg·kg~(-1) and total phosphorous content ranged from 222. 1-528. 4 mg·kg~(-1).Moreover,nitrogen loading( 1 033. 6 mg·kg~(-1)) in the vegetated zones were higher than in the unvegetated zones( 325. 2 mg·kg~(-1)).In addition,carbohydrate( 3. 7 mg·g-1) was the dominant component of sedimentary bioclastic material,with lipids( 2. 8 mg·g-1)being the second most abundant of the biodegradable compounds. The major sources of nutrients and biodegradable compounds in the sediment were massive aggregates of macrophyte detritus. The pigment,nutrient,and biodegradable compound contents in the vegetated zones were significantly higher than in unvegetated zones( P < 0. 01). The benthic eutrophic state showed a trend from mesotrophic to eutrophic in Xukou Bay,which should be given more attention in the future management of freshwater lake ecosystems.
In shallow eutrophic lakes,benthic bioclastic deposits accumulate abundant organic carbon derived from macrophyte detritus. Taking the typical macrophyte-dominated Xukou Bay as the study area,field investigations were performed using sediment cores to evaluate benthic phytodetritus accumulation. Specifically,nutrient contents,TOC/TN ratios,pigmentation,and biodegradable compounds were measured as descriptive parameters. The results show that the benthic bioclastic deposit had accumulated abundant pigments,nutrients,and biodegradable compounds derived from macrophytes detritus. These were mainly localized in the top 15 cm of sediments. Nitrogen loading in the sediments was significantly higher than phosphorous loading,with a distinct spatial difference; the total nitrogen content ranged from 127. 2-2 092. 8 mg·kg~(-1) and total phosphorous content ranged from 222. 1-528. 4 mg·kg~(-1).Moreover,nitrogen loading( 1 033. 6 mg·kg~(-1)) in the vegetated zones were higher than in the unvegetated zones( 325. 2 mg·kg~(-1)).In addition,carbohydrate( 3. 7 mg·g-1) was the dominant component of sedimentary bioclastic material,with lipids( 2. 8 mg·g-1)being the second most abundant of the biodegradable compounds. The major sources of nutrients and biodegradable compounds in the sediment were massive aggregates of macrophyte detritus. The pigment,nutrient,and biodegradable compound contents in the vegetated zones were significantly higher than in unvegetated zones( P < 0. 01). The benthic eutrophic state showed a trend from mesotrophic to eutrophic in Xukou Bay,which should be given more attention in the future management of freshwater lake ecosystems.
引文
[1]吴庆龙,邢鹏,李化炳,等.草藻型稳态转换对湖泊微生物结构及其碳循环功能的影响[J].微生物学通报,2013,40(1):87-97.Wu Q L,Xing P,Li H B,et al. Impacts of regime shift between phytoplankton and macrophyte on the microbial community structure and its carbon cycling in lakes[J]. Microbiology China,2013,40(1):87-97.
[2] Dean W E,Gorham E. Magnitude and significance of carbon burial in lakes,reservoirs,and peatlands[J]. Geology,1998,26(6):535-538.
[3] Tranvik L J,Downing J A,Cotner J B,et al. Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2009,54(6):2298-2314.
[4] Xu F L,Yang C,He W,et al. Bias and association of sediment organic matter source apportionment indicators:a case study in a eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,581-582:874-884.
[5] Chen X C,Feng M H,Fan K,et al. Source and biogeochemical distribution of organic matter in surface sediment in the deep oligotrophic Lake Fuxian,China[J]. Aquatic Geochemistry,2018,24(1):55-77.
[6] Pusceddu A,Dell'Anno A,Fabiano M,et al. Quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic trophic status[J]. Marine Ecology Progress,2009,375:41-52.
[7]李文朝,陈开宁,吴庆龙,等.东太湖水生植物生物质腐烂分解实验[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(4):331-336.Li W C,Chen K N,Wu Q L,et al. Experimental studies on decomposition process of aquatic plant material from East Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2001,13(4):331-336.
[8]李柯,关保华,刘正文.蓝藻碎屑分解速率及氮磷释放形态的实验分析[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):919-925.Li K,Guan B H,Liu Z W. Experiments on decomposition rate and release forms of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposing cyanobacterial detritus[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(6):919-925.
[9] Shilla D,Asaeda T,Fujino T,et al. Decomposition of dominant submerged macrophytes:implications for nutrient release in Myall Lake,NSW,Australia[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management,2006,14(5):427-433.
[10] Zhou X H,Wang G X. Nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(11):1710-1717.
[11]何延召,柯凡,冯慕华,等.巢湖表层沉积物中生物易降解物质成分特征与分布规律[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(1):40-49.He Y Z,Ke F,Feng M H,et al. Characteristics and distribution of biodegradable compounds of surface sediments in Lake Chaohu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(1):40-49.
[12]刘新,黄庆慧,江和龙,等.浅水湖泊沉积物中水生植物残体降解过程及微生物群落变化[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):489-495.Liu X, Huang Q H, Jiang H L, et al. The decomposition processes of aquatic plant residue and the change of microbial community structure in a shallow lake sediment[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(3):489-495.
[13]祁闯,王国祥,吴馨婷,等.太湖湖滨带春季悬浮物沉降特征与水体营养盐响应[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):95-103.Qi C,Wang G X,Wu X T,et al. Deposition characteristics of suspended solids and the response of dissolved nutrients in spring in the western lakeside of Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):95-103.
[14] Qi C,Xu X G,Shi K,et al. In situ resuspension rate monitoring method in the littoral zone with multi-ecotypes of a shallow winddisturbed lake[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2019,26(8):7476-7485.
[15] Qi C, Zhou Y, Xu X G, et al. Dynamic monitoring of resuspension in the multiple eco-types of the littoral zone of a shallow wind-disturbed lake[J]. Aquatic Sciences,2019,81(2):33.
[16]谷孝鸿,张圣照,白秀玲,等.东太湖水生植物群落结构的演变及其沼泽化[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1541-1548.Gu X H,Zhang S Z,Bai X L,et al. Evolution of community structure of aquatic macrophytes in East Taihu Lake and its wetlands[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1541-1548.
[17] Chuai X M,Ding W,Chen X F,et al. Phosphorus release from cyanobacterial blooms in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(6):842-849.
[18]朱梦圆,朱广伟,王永平.太湖蓝藻水华衰亡对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):409-415.Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,Wang Y P. Influence of scum of algal bloom on the release of N and P from sediments of Lake Taihu[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(2):409-415.
[19]尚丽霞,柯凡,李文朝,等.高密度蓝藻厌氧分解过程与污染物释放实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):47-54.Shang L X,Ke F,Li W C,et al. Laboratory research on the contaminants release during the anaerobic decomposition of highdensity cyanobacteria[J]. Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(1):47-54.
[20] Venturini N,Pita A L,Brugnoli E,et al. Benthic trophic status of sediments in a metropolitan area(Rio de la Plata estuary):linkages with natural and human pressures[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,112:139-152.
[21] Yin X W,Min W W,Lin H J,et al. Population dynamics,protein content,and lipid composition of Brachionus plicatilis fed artificial macroalgal detritus and Nannochloropsis sp. Diets[J].Aquaculture,2013,380-383:62-69.
[22] Pusceddu A,Bianchelli S,Gambi C,et al. Assessment of benthic trophic status of marine coastal ecosystems:significance of meiofaunal rare taxa[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(4):420-430.
[23] Salas P M,Sujatha C H,Kumar C S R. Fate and source distribution of organic constituents in a river-dominated tropical estuary[J]. Journal of Earth System Science,2015,124(6):1265-1279.
[24] Mathew J,Gopinath A,Martin G D. Spatial and temporal distribution in the biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter in a tropical estuary along the west coast of India[J]. SN Applied Sciences,2019,1(2):150.
[25]刘子亭,余俊清,张保华,等.烧失量分析在湖泊沉积与环境变化研究中的应用[J].盐湖研究,2006,14(2):67-72.Liu Z T,Yu J Q,Zhang B H,et al. Application of loss on ignition to the study of lake sediments and environmental changes[J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research,2006,14(2):67-72.
[26]马久远.典型水生植物对沉积物中氮素形态及分布的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.Ma J Y. The influence on transformation and distribution of nitrogen in the sediment by Aquatic plants[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2014.
[27] Qin B Q,Hu W P,Gao G,et al. Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.
[28] Dell'Anno A,Mei M L,Pusceddu A,et al. Assessing the trophic state and eutrophication of coastal marine systems:a new approach based on the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44(7):611-622.
[29] Wieking G,Krncke I. Is benthic trophic structure affected by food quality? The Dogger Bank example[J]. Marine Biology,2005,146(2):387-400.
[30]何延召.典型浅水湖泊湖底藻源性有机碎屑的理化特征及其降解研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
[31]谢小萍,李亚春,杭鑫,等.气温对太湖蓝藻复苏和休眠进程的影响[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):818-824.Xie X P,Li Y C,Hang X,et al. The effect of air temperature on the process of cyanobacteria recruitment and dormancy in Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(4):818-824.
[32]杨超,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.东太湖沉积物中磷的形态分布特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(1):5-8.Yang C,Gu X H,Zeng Q F,et al. Phosphorus fractions and distribution in sediments of East Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(1):5-8.
[33]张彦,张远,于涛,等.太湖沉积物及孔隙水中氮的时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(11):1333-1342.Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu T, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen species in sediment and interstitial waters of Taihu Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(11):1333-1342.
[34] Mac Donald D D,Ingersoll C G. A guidance manual to support the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems[R]. Washington:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2002.
[35] Wu T F,Qin B Q,Brookes J D,et al. Spatial distribution of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Taihu from a hydrodynamics-induced transport perspective[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:1554-1565.
[36]陈雷,远野,卢少勇,等.环太湖主要河流入出湖口表层沉积物污染特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):294-299.Chen L,Yuan Y,Lu S Y,et al. The analysis of pollutant characteristics in surface sediments of the stream inlets and outlets of the main rivers around Taihu Lake[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(1):294-299.
[37] Meyers P A,Ishiwatari R. Lacustrine organic geochemistry—an overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1993,20(7):867-900.
[38]杨柳燕,张奕,肖琳,等.固体发酵提高水生植物发酵产物蛋白含量的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(1):35-39.Yang L Y,Zhang Y,Xiao L,et al. Improvement of crude protein content in aquatic macrophyte by solid-state fermentation[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(1):35-39.
[39] Baldi F,Marchetto D,Pini F,et al. Biochemical and microbial features of shallow marine sediments along the Terra Nova Bay(Ross Sea,Antarctica)[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2010,30(15):1614-1625.
[40] Zhang Y D,Su Y L,Liu Z W,et al. Lipid biomarker evidence for determining the origin and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Taihu,Eastern China[J]. Ecological Indicators,2017,77:397-408.
[41] Zhang Y D,Su Y L,Liu Z W,et al. Aliphatic hydrocarbon biomarkers as indicators of organic matter source and composition in surface sediments from shallow lakes along the lower Yangtze River,Eastern China[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2018,122:29-40.
[42] Joseph M M, Kumar C S R, Kumar T R G, et al.Biogeochemistry of surficial sediments in the intertidal systems of a tropical environment[J]. Chemistry and Ecology,2008,24(4):247-258.
[43] Hilt S,Brothers S,Jeppesen E,et al. Translating regime shifts in shallow lakes into changes in ecosystem functions and services[J]. Bioscience,2017,67(10):928-936.
[2] Dean W E,Gorham E. Magnitude and significance of carbon burial in lakes,reservoirs,and peatlands[J]. Geology,1998,26(6):535-538.
[3] Tranvik L J,Downing J A,Cotner J B,et al. Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2009,54(6):2298-2314.
[4] Xu F L,Yang C,He W,et al. Bias and association of sediment organic matter source apportionment indicators:a case study in a eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,581-582:874-884.
[5] Chen X C,Feng M H,Fan K,et al. Source and biogeochemical distribution of organic matter in surface sediment in the deep oligotrophic Lake Fuxian,China[J]. Aquatic Geochemistry,2018,24(1):55-77.
[6] Pusceddu A,Dell'Anno A,Fabiano M,et al. Quantity and bioavailability of sediment organic matter as signatures of benthic trophic status[J]. Marine Ecology Progress,2009,375:41-52.
[7]李文朝,陈开宁,吴庆龙,等.东太湖水生植物生物质腐烂分解实验[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(4):331-336.Li W C,Chen K N,Wu Q L,et al. Experimental studies on decomposition process of aquatic plant material from East Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2001,13(4):331-336.
[8]李柯,关保华,刘正文.蓝藻碎屑分解速率及氮磷释放形态的实验分析[J].湖泊科学,2011,23(6):919-925.Li K,Guan B H,Liu Z W. Experiments on decomposition rate and release forms of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposing cyanobacterial detritus[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2011,23(6):919-925.
[9] Shilla D,Asaeda T,Fujino T,et al. Decomposition of dominant submerged macrophytes:implications for nutrient release in Myall Lake,NSW,Australia[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management,2006,14(5):427-433.
[10] Zhou X H,Wang G X. Nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(11):1710-1717.
[11]何延召,柯凡,冯慕华,等.巢湖表层沉积物中生物易降解物质成分特征与分布规律[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(1):40-49.He Y Z,Ke F,Feng M H,et al. Characteristics and distribution of biodegradable compounds of surface sediments in Lake Chaohu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(1):40-49.
[12]刘新,黄庆慧,江和龙,等.浅水湖泊沉积物中水生植物残体降解过程及微生物群落变化[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(3):489-495.Liu X, Huang Q H, Jiang H L, et al. The decomposition processes of aquatic plant residue and the change of microbial community structure in a shallow lake sediment[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(3):489-495.
[13]祁闯,王国祥,吴馨婷,等.太湖湖滨带春季悬浮物沉降特征与水体营养盐响应[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):95-103.Qi C,Wang G X,Wu X T,et al. Deposition characteristics of suspended solids and the response of dissolved nutrients in spring in the western lakeside of Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):95-103.
[14] Qi C,Xu X G,Shi K,et al. In situ resuspension rate monitoring method in the littoral zone with multi-ecotypes of a shallow winddisturbed lake[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2019,26(8):7476-7485.
[15] Qi C, Zhou Y, Xu X G, et al. Dynamic monitoring of resuspension in the multiple eco-types of the littoral zone of a shallow wind-disturbed lake[J]. Aquatic Sciences,2019,81(2):33.
[16]谷孝鸿,张圣照,白秀玲,等.东太湖水生植物群落结构的演变及其沼泽化[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1541-1548.Gu X H,Zhang S Z,Bai X L,et al. Evolution of community structure of aquatic macrophytes in East Taihu Lake and its wetlands[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(7):1541-1548.
[17] Chuai X M,Ding W,Chen X F,et al. Phosphorus release from cyanobacterial blooms in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2011,37(6):842-849.
[18]朱梦圆,朱广伟,王永平.太湖蓝藻水华衰亡对沉积物氮、磷释放的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(2):409-415.Zhu M Y,Zhu G W,Wang Y P. Influence of scum of algal bloom on the release of N and P from sediments of Lake Taihu[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(2):409-415.
[19]尚丽霞,柯凡,李文朝,等.高密度蓝藻厌氧分解过程与污染物释放实验研究[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(1):47-54.Shang L X,Ke F,Li W C,et al. Laboratory research on the contaminants release during the anaerobic decomposition of highdensity cyanobacteria[J]. Journal of Lake Science,2013,25(1):47-54.
[20] Venturini N,Pita A L,Brugnoli E,et al. Benthic trophic status of sediments in a metropolitan area(Rio de la Plata estuary):linkages with natural and human pressures[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2012,112:139-152.
[21] Yin X W,Min W W,Lin H J,et al. Population dynamics,protein content,and lipid composition of Brachionus plicatilis fed artificial macroalgal detritus and Nannochloropsis sp. Diets[J].Aquaculture,2013,380-383:62-69.
[22] Pusceddu A,Bianchelli S,Gambi C,et al. Assessment of benthic trophic status of marine coastal ecosystems:significance of meiofaunal rare taxa[J]. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(4):420-430.
[23] Salas P M,Sujatha C H,Kumar C S R. Fate and source distribution of organic constituents in a river-dominated tropical estuary[J]. Journal of Earth System Science,2015,124(6):1265-1279.
[24] Mathew J,Gopinath A,Martin G D. Spatial and temporal distribution in the biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter in a tropical estuary along the west coast of India[J]. SN Applied Sciences,2019,1(2):150.
[25]刘子亭,余俊清,张保华,等.烧失量分析在湖泊沉积与环境变化研究中的应用[J].盐湖研究,2006,14(2):67-72.Liu Z T,Yu J Q,Zhang B H,et al. Application of loss on ignition to the study of lake sediments and environmental changes[J]. Journal of Salt Lake Research,2006,14(2):67-72.
[26]马久远.典型水生植物对沉积物中氮素形态及分布的影响[D].南京:南京师范大学,2014.Ma J Y. The influence on transformation and distribution of nitrogen in the sediment by Aquatic plants[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2014.
[27] Qin B Q,Hu W P,Gao G,et al. Dynamics of sediment resuspension and the conceptual schema of nutrient release in the large shallow Lake Taihu,China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(1):54-64.
[28] Dell'Anno A,Mei M L,Pusceddu A,et al. Assessing the trophic state and eutrophication of coastal marine systems:a new approach based on the biochemical composition of sediment organic matter[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44(7):611-622.
[29] Wieking G,Krncke I. Is benthic trophic structure affected by food quality? The Dogger Bank example[J]. Marine Biology,2005,146(2):387-400.
[30]何延召.典型浅水湖泊湖底藻源性有机碎屑的理化特征及其降解研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015.
[31]谢小萍,李亚春,杭鑫,等.气温对太湖蓝藻复苏和休眠进程的影响[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(4):818-824.Xie X P,Li Y C,Hang X,et al. The effect of air temperature on the process of cyanobacteria recruitment and dormancy in Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2016,28(4):818-824.
[32]杨超,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.东太湖沉积物中磷的形态分布特征研究[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(1):5-8.Yang C,Gu X H,Zeng Q F,et al. Phosphorus fractions and distribution in sediments of East Taihu Lake[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2012,33(1):5-8.
[33]张彦,张远,于涛,等.太湖沉积物及孔隙水中氮的时空分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(11):1333-1342.Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu T, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen species in sediment and interstitial waters of Taihu Lake[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(11):1333-1342.
[34] Mac Donald D D,Ingersoll C G. A guidance manual to support the assessment of contaminated sediments in freshwater ecosystems[R]. Washington:United States Environmental Protection Agency,2002.
[35] Wu T F,Qin B Q,Brookes J D,et al. Spatial distribution of sediment nitrogen and phosphorus in Lake Taihu from a hydrodynamics-induced transport perspective[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,650:1554-1565.
[36]陈雷,远野,卢少勇,等.环太湖主要河流入出湖口表层沉积物污染特征研究[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(1):294-299.Chen L,Yuan Y,Lu S Y,et al. The analysis of pollutant characteristics in surface sediments of the stream inlets and outlets of the main rivers around Taihu Lake[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(1):294-299.
[37] Meyers P A,Ishiwatari R. Lacustrine organic geochemistry—an overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments[J]. Organic Geochemistry,1993,20(7):867-900.
[38]杨柳燕,张奕,肖琳,等.固体发酵提高水生植物发酵产物蛋白含量的研究[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(1):35-39.Yang L Y,Zhang Y,Xiao L,et al. Improvement of crude protein content in aquatic macrophyte by solid-state fermentation[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(1):35-39.
[39] Baldi F,Marchetto D,Pini F,et al. Biochemical and microbial features of shallow marine sediments along the Terra Nova Bay(Ross Sea,Antarctica)[J]. Continental Shelf Research,2010,30(15):1614-1625.
[40] Zhang Y D,Su Y L,Liu Z W,et al. Lipid biomarker evidence for determining the origin and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments of Lake Taihu,Eastern China[J]. Ecological Indicators,2017,77:397-408.
[41] Zhang Y D,Su Y L,Liu Z W,et al. Aliphatic hydrocarbon biomarkers as indicators of organic matter source and composition in surface sediments from shallow lakes along the lower Yangtze River,Eastern China[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2018,122:29-40.
[42] Joseph M M, Kumar C S R, Kumar T R G, et al.Biogeochemistry of surficial sediments in the intertidal systems of a tropical environment[J]. Chemistry and Ecology,2008,24(4):247-258.
[43] Hilt S,Brothers S,Jeppesen E,et al. Translating regime shifts in shallow lakes into changes in ecosystem functions and services[J]. Bioscience,2017,67(10):928-936.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |