调理剂+淹水措施对Cd污染稻田控Cd效果分析
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摘要
为探明淹水措施、基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥、石膏粉以及综合处理对不同污染土壤修复效果和作用机制,通过在3个不同类型Cd污染耕地布置小区试验,研究了单一处理及综合措施对阻控污染耕地稻米吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明,淹水措施、单一施用调理剂、综合施用结合淹水处理能降低土壤有效态Cd和水稻各器官Cd含量,土壤有效态Cd降低6. 58%～30. 01%,糙米Cd含量降低12. 65%～68. 68%,降低效果为综合处理(T6)>基施石膏粉(T5)>基施湘润邦土壤调理剂(T3)>矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥(T4)>淹水处理(T2)(以两季水稻糙米Cd含量降低效果平均值计算).试验中5个处理使水稻各部位富集系下降,是引起糙米Cd含量下降的主要原因之一.根据田间小区试验显示,基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥和石膏粉组配施用结合淹水措施可作为Cd污染耕地稻米Cd阻控的有效方法.
In order to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of flooding measures,soil conditioner,silicon mineral fertilizer and sprayed foliar fertilizer,gypsum powder,and their multiple treatments for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. A plot experiment was conducted in three different Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that flooding measures,a single application of conditioning agents,and combined application and flooding treatment can reduce soil-available Cd and the Cd content in various organs of rice with 6. 58%-30. 01% reduction in soil available-Cd and 12. 64%-68. 68% reduction in Cd content in brown rice,respectively. The Cd reduction decreased in the following order: comprehensive treatment( T6) > basic application of gypsum powder( T5) > base Xiangrunbang state soil conditioner( T3) > mineral silicon fertilizer and spray foliar fertilizer( T4) > flood treatment( T2). In addition,the average value of the reduction effect of the Cd content in brown rice was calculated. The five treatments in the experiment reduced the enrichment of various parts of the rice,which is a main reason for the decrease in Cd content in the brown rice.According to the field plot test,the combined application of the basic conditioning agent,mineral silicon fertilizer,and sprayed foliar fertilizer,and gypsum powder and flooding measures can be used as an effective method for Cd pollution control in Cd-contaminated cultivated rice.
In order to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of flooding measures,soil conditioner,silicon mineral fertilizer and sprayed foliar fertilizer,gypsum powder,and their multiple treatments for reducing Cd accumulation in rice grown in Cd-contaminated soil. A plot experiment was conducted in three different Cd-contaminated soils. The results showed that flooding measures,a single application of conditioning agents,and combined application and flooding treatment can reduce soil-available Cd and the Cd content in various organs of rice with 6. 58%-30. 01% reduction in soil available-Cd and 12. 64%-68. 68% reduction in Cd content in brown rice,respectively. The Cd reduction decreased in the following order: comprehensive treatment( T6) > basic application of gypsum powder( T5) > base Xiangrunbang state soil conditioner( T3) > mineral silicon fertilizer and spray foliar fertilizer( T4) > flood treatment( T2). In addition,the average value of the reduction effect of the Cd content in brown rice was calculated. The five treatments in the experiment reduced the enrichment of various parts of the rice,which is a main reason for the decrease in Cd content in the brown rice.According to the field plot test,the combined application of the basic conditioning agent,mineral silicon fertilizer,and sprayed foliar fertilizer,and gypsum powder and flooding measures can be used as an effective method for Cd pollution control in Cd-contaminated cultivated rice.
引文
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[2] Uraguchi S,Mori S,Kuramata M,et al. Root-to-shoot Cd translocation via the xylem is the major process determining shoot and grain cadmium accumulation in rice[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(9):2677-2688.
[3] Li B,He W X,Wang C Q,et al. Effect of cadmium stress on ammonium assimilation enzymes and polyamine in the roots of rice(Oryza sativa L.)with different cadmium resistance[J].International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences,2013,8(17):2203-2214.
[4] Liu C P,Li F B,Luo C L,et al. Foliar application of two silica sols reduced cadmium accumulation in rice grains[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2-3):1466-1472.
[5]杨勇,江荣风,李花粉,等.土壤容重改变对锌/镉超累积植物遏兰菜根系特征及吸镉的影响[J].环境科学,2010,31(12):3043-3049.Yang Y,Jiang R F,Li H F,et al. Effect of the soil bulk density on the root morphology and cadmium uptake by thlaspi caerulescens grown on Cd-Contaminated soil[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(12):3043-3049.
[6]赵其国,沈仁芳,滕应,等.中国重金属污染区耕地轮作休耕制度试点进展、问题及对策建议[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(12):2003-2007.Zhao Q G,Shen R F,Teng Y,et al. Pilot progress,problems and countermeasures on farmland rotation and fallow system in the heavy metal polluted region of China[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences,2017,26(12):2003-2007.
[7]张子叶,谢运河,黄伯军,等.镉污染稻田水分调控与石灰耦合的季节性休耕修复效应[J].湖南农业科学,2017,(12):47-51.Zhang Z Y,Xie Y H,Huang B J,et al. Remediation effects of water management and lime application in seasonal fallowed Cd contaminated paddy fields[J]. Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2017,(12):47-51.
[8]刘洋,阙兴贵,赵琪,等.桃源县农产品土壤修复VIP稻田镉污染控制技术试点示范试验[J].时代农机,2017,44(11):141-142.
[9]谢敏,黎良平,戴典. VIP+n技术对重金属污染土壤和稻谷降镉效果研究[J].吉林农业,2017,(8):75-77.
[10]陈东哲,苏美兰,李艳,等.镉污染“VIP技术”修复治理措施示范研究[J].湖南农业科学,2016,(9):33-35.Chen D Z,Su M L,Li Y,et al. Demonstration research on remediation measures of cadmium pollution “VIP Technology”[J]. Hunan Agricultural Science,2016,(9):33-35.
[11]陈喆,张淼,叶长城,等.富硅肥料和水分管理对稻米镉污染阻控效果研究[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(12):4003-4011.Chen Z,Zhang M,Ye C C,et al. Mitigation of Cd accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)with Si fertilizers and irrigation managements[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(12):4003-4011.
[12]李园星露,叶长城,刘玉玲,等.生物炭耦合水分管理对稻田土壤As-Cd生物有效性及稻米累积的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(4):696-704.Li Y X L,Ye C C,Liu Y L,et al. Bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium,and their cumulative control in rice grown on arseniccadmium-contaminated paddy soils[J]. Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2018,37(4):696-704.
[13]张淼,叶长城,喻理,等.矿物硅肥与微生物菌剂对水稻吸收积累镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(4):627-633.Zhang M,Ye C C,Yu L,et al. Effects of mineral silicon fertilizer and microbial agent on uptake and accumulation of cadmium by rice[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2016,35(4):627-633.
[14]陈喆,铁柏清,刘孝利,等.改良-农艺综合措施对水稻吸收积累镉的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(7):1302-1308.Chen Z, Tie B Q, Liu X L, et al. Impacts of optimized agronomic regulation management on cadmium absorption and accumulation by late rice[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013,32(7):1302-1308.
[15]朱丹妹,刘岩,张丽,等.不同类型土壤淹水对pH、Eh、Fe及有效态Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1508-1517.Zhu D M,Liu Y,Zhang L,et al. Effects of pH,Eh,Fe,and flooded time on available-Cd content after flooding of different kinds of soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(8):1508-1517.
[16] Han X Q,Xiao X Y,Guo Z H,et al. Release of cadmium in contaminated paddy soil amended with NPK fertilizer and lime under water management[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018,159:38-45.
[17] Zhang P B,Liu Y Q,Bocharnikova E A,et al. Effect of amorphous silicon dioxide on cadmium behavior in the soil-rice plant system[J]. Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin,2018,73(1):34-38.
[18] Yu H Y,Ding X D,Li F B,et al. The availabilities of arsenic and cadmium in rice paddy fields from a mining area:The role of soil extractable and plant silicon[J]. Environmental Pollution,2016,215:258-265.
[19] Guo L,Chen A T,He N,et al. Exogenous silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice seedlings in relation to Cd distribution and ultrastructure changes[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2018,18(4):1691-1700.
[20]宋正国,徐明岗,李菊梅,等.钙对土壤镉有效性的影响及其机理[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1705-1710.Song Z G,Xu M G,Li J M,et al. Effects of calcium on cadmium bioavailability in lateritic red soil and related mechanisms[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(7):1705-1710.
[21]杜光辉,饶伟,李鑫,等.水稻根际与非根际土壤硫素赋存形态转化及其迁移规律[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2779-2790.Du G H,Rao W,Li X,et al. Transformation and migration of sulfur speciation in the rhizosphere and bulk soil of paddy soil[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2779-2790.
[22] Cao Z Z,Qin M L,Lin X Y,et al. Sulfur supply reduces cadmium uptake and translocation in rice grains(Oryza sativa L.)by enhancing iron plaque formation,cadmium chelation and vacuolar sequestration[J]. Environmental Pollution,2018,238:76-84.
[23] Shamim A H M,Khan M H R,Akae T. The effectiveness of sulfidic materials as a source of sulfur fertilizer for the production of rice in two sulfur deficient soils[J]. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology,2010,32(6):643-652.
[24]封文利,郭朝晖,史磊,等.控源及改良措施对稻田土壤和水稻镉累积的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):399-405.Feng W L, Guo Z H, Shi L, et al. Distribution and accumulation of cadmium in paddy soil and rice affected by pollutant sources control and improvement measures[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):399-405.
[25]王梦梦,何梦媛,苏德纯.稻田土壤性质与稻米镉含量的定量关系[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1918-1925.Wang M M,He M Y,Su D C. Quantitative relationship between paddy soil properties and cadmium content in rice grains[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(4):1918-1925.
[26]叶新新,孙波.品种和土壤对水稻镉吸收的影响及镉生物有效性预测模型研究进展[J].土壤,2012,44(3):360-365.Ye X X,Sun B. Reviews on the effects of rice cultivars and soil types on Cd absorption and prediction model for Cd bioavailability[J]. Soil,2012,44(3):360-365.
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