水平潜流人工湿地对水中Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)及营养物的去除
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摘要
近年来,洞庭湖富营养化、重金属问题对湖区生态系统造成了越来越严重的影响。为减轻洞庭湖污染现状,以本地芦苇、香蒲为湿地植物,以碎石为基质,构建水平潜流人工湿地对人工配制重金属及营养物污水进行处理。结果表明:间歇运行方式Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,在污水运行2 d后NH_4~+-N去除率分别达到86. 9%、76. 7%和66. 7%,COD去除率在3 h后分别达到89. 6%、84. 9%和92. 9%;人工湿地连续运行结果显示,COD去除率在整个运行时段稳定在85%左右,NH_4~+-N去除率最终稳定在78. 0%左右,运行44 d后Cd~(2+)去除率高于99. 8%,Zn~(2+)去除率在整个运行时段均高于96. 9%。
In recent years,the problems of eutrophication and heavy metals in the Dongting Lake has caused significant impact on the lake ecosystem. In order to reduce the pollution of the Dongting Lake,Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis Presl were used as wetland plants and breakstone was used as a matrix in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Two operation modes including,intermittent and continuous,were applied to treat wastewater polluted by heavy metal and nutrients.The results showed that the removal rates of NH_4~+-N reached 86. 9%,76. 7% and 66. 7% under the intermittent operation Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ after 2 d,and the COD removal rate reached 89. 6%,84. 9% and 92. 9% with 3 h. The continuous operation results showed that the removal rate of COD was stable at about 85. 0% throughout the operation period,the removal rate of NH_4~+-N was finally stabilized at about 78. 0%,the removal rate of Cd~(2+) was greater than 99. 8% after 44 days,and the removal rate of Zn~(2+) was kept 96. 9% above throughout the operation period.
In recent years,the problems of eutrophication and heavy metals in the Dongting Lake has caused significant impact on the lake ecosystem. In order to reduce the pollution of the Dongting Lake,Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis Presl were used as wetland plants and breakstone was used as a matrix in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Two operation modes including,intermittent and continuous,were applied to treat wastewater polluted by heavy metal and nutrients.The results showed that the removal rates of NH_4~+-N reached 86. 9%,76. 7% and 66. 7% under the intermittent operation Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ after 2 d,and the COD removal rate reached 89. 6%,84. 9% and 92. 9% with 3 h. The continuous operation results showed that the removal rate of COD was stable at about 85. 0% throughout the operation period,the removal rate of NH_4~+-N was finally stabilized at about 78. 0%,the removal rate of Cd~(2+) was greater than 99. 8% after 44 days,and the removal rate of Zn~(2+) was kept 96. 9% above throughout the operation period.
引文
[1]黄敦利．湘潭市湘江流域重金属污染治理研究[D]．桂林:广西师范大学，2017.
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[4]侯昭牧，李晓晨，孙淑娟，等．镉对污水生物脱氮反应动力学的影响研究[J]．人民黄河，2013,35(9):64-67.
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[8]杨勇．湿地系统处理重金属废水的应用研究[D]．上海:同济大学，2007.
[9]戴保琳．利用农作物秸秆强化人工湿地对降雨径流中氮及重金属去除的研究[D]．南京:东南大学，2015.
[10] Zhu T,Jenssen P D,Mahlum T,et al. Phosphorus sorption and chemical characteristics of lightweight aggregates(LWA)-potential filter media in treatment wetlands[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997,35(5):103-108.
[11]Síma J,Svoboda L,PomijováZ. Removal of selected Metals from wastewater using a constructed wetland[J]. Chemistry&Biodiversity,2016,13(5):582-590.
[12] Yadav A K,Abbassi R,Kumar N,et al. The removal of heavy metals in wetland microcosms:effects of bed depth,plant species,and metal mobility[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,211(15):501-507.
[13] Groudev S N,Bratcova S G,Komnitsas K. Treatment of waters polluted with radioactive elements and heavy metals by means of a laboratory passive system[J]. Minerals Engineering,1999,12(3):261-270.
[14]陈明利，张艳丽，吴晓芙，等．人工湿地植物处理含重金属生活废水的实验研究[J]．环境科学与技术，2008,31(12):164-168.
[15] Gill W L,Ring P,Casey B,et al. Long term heavy metal removal by a constructed wetland treating rainfall runoff from a motorway[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601(1):32-44.
[2] Babatunde A O,Zhao Y Q,Oneill M,et al. Constructed wetlands for environmental pollution control:a review of developments,research and practice in Ireland[J]. Environment International,2008,34(1):116-126.
[3] Cheng S P,Grosse W,Karrenbrock F. Efficiency of constructed wetlands in decontamination of water polluted by heavy metals[J].Ecological Engineering,2002,18(3):317-325.
[4]侯昭牧，李晓晨，孙淑娟，等．镉对污水生物脱氮反应动力学的影响研究[J]．人民黄河，2013,35(9):64-67.
[5] Salem Z B,Laffray X,Ashoour A,et al. Metal accumulation and distribution in the organs of Reeds and Cattails in a constructed treatment wetland(Etueffont, France)[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,64:1-17.
[6] van Oostrom A J. Nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands treating nitrified meat processing effluent[J]. Water Science and Technology,1995,32(3):137-147.
[7]史一鸣，王文垅，陈少华，等．西伯利亚鸢尾人工湿地对镉污染河水的净化研究[J]．环境工程，2016,34(1):21-40.
[8]杨勇．湿地系统处理重金属废水的应用研究[D]．上海:同济大学，2007.
[9]戴保琳．利用农作物秸秆强化人工湿地对降雨径流中氮及重金属去除的研究[D]．南京:东南大学，2015.
[10] Zhu T,Jenssen P D,Mahlum T,et al. Phosphorus sorption and chemical characteristics of lightweight aggregates(LWA)-potential filter media in treatment wetlands[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997,35(5):103-108.
[11]Síma J,Svoboda L,PomijováZ. Removal of selected Metals from wastewater using a constructed wetland[J]. Chemistry&Biodiversity,2016,13(5):582-590.
[12] Yadav A K,Abbassi R,Kumar N,et al. The removal of heavy metals in wetland microcosms:effects of bed depth,plant species,and metal mobility[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,211(15):501-507.
[13] Groudev S N,Bratcova S G,Komnitsas K. Treatment of waters polluted with radioactive elements and heavy metals by means of a laboratory passive system[J]. Minerals Engineering,1999,12(3):261-270.
[14]陈明利，张艳丽，吴晓芙，等．人工湿地植物处理含重金属生活废水的实验研究[J]．环境科学与技术，2008,31(12):164-168.
[15] Gill W L,Ring P,Casey B,et al. Long term heavy metal removal by a constructed wetland treating rainfall runoff from a motorway[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2017,601(1):32-44.
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