蚯蚓生物消解尾菜废弃物工艺参数优化
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摘要
为优化蚯蚓生物消解尾菜废弃物的技术工艺,以尾菜废弃物为供试对象,采用实验室模拟方法,分别设置5种影响因子的不同梯度水平:物料腐烂时间为7、14、21、28、35 d,C/N为12、18、24、30、36,含水率为40%、50%、60%、70%、80%,环境温度为8、16、24、32、40℃,投放密度为20、40、60、80、100条·kg-1,并进行了工艺参数优化的效果验证,测定了蚯蚓培养前后群体质量、数量变化率及物料消解率,研究了不同工艺因子对蚯蚓生物消解尾菜废弃物的影响,并进一步优化各因子的技术参数。结果表明:尾菜废弃物腐烂率、C/N、含水率及环境温度、蚯蚓投放密度均对物料消解率存在影响,蚯蚓消解尾菜废弃物能力与物料腐烂率、蚯蚓投放密度均呈极显著的对数曲线相关(P<0.01),而与物料C/N、含水率及环境温度呈极显著的开口向下一元二次抛物线相关(P<0.01);根据曲线拟合方程,应用蚯蚓生物消解技术处理尾菜废弃物,各项工艺参数优化值分别为:物料腐烂率≥40.67%(即预堆制11 d以上)、物料C/N为27.79、物料含水率为69.61%、环境温度为26.23℃、蚯蚓投放密度为57.17条·kg-1;与CK处理相比,工艺参数优化处理显著提高了蚯蚓重量及物料消解率(P<0.05)。
Earthworm digestion has emerged as an effective method for resource utilization of organic materials in recent years. A laboratory simulation study was conducted to determine the optimum process parameters for earthworm digestion of vegetable waste and verified the efficiency of these parameters on earthworm digestion. Five different influence factors with different levels were established:(1)Material decay time of 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d;(2)Material C/N of 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36;(3)Moisture content of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%;(4)Environment temperature of 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ℃;(5)Earthworm density of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 per kg of vegetable waste. The population quality, quantity change rate, and material digestion rate of the earthworms before and after cultivation were tested. The material decay ratio, material C/N, material moisture content, environmental temperature, and earthworm density all exerted significant effects on the earthworm digestion ability. There was a significantly logarithmic curve regularity(P<0.01)between earthworm digestion ability and material decay ratio as well as between earthworm digestion ability and earthworm density. However, the relationships between earthworm digestion ability with material C/N, material moisture content, and environment temperature were all downward parabolic curve correlations(P<0.01). According to the fitting curve equation, the optimization value of each process parameter of earthworm digestion was as follows:Material decay ratio was larger than 40.67%(i.e., pre-heap for more than 11 d); Material C/N was 27.79, Material moisture content was69.61%; The environment temperature was 26.23 ℃, and earthworm density was 57.17 per kg of vegetable waste. Compared with the CK treatment, the process parameter optimization treatment significantly improved earthworm weight and material digestion rate(P<0.05).
Earthworm digestion has emerged as an effective method for resource utilization of organic materials in recent years. A laboratory simulation study was conducted to determine the optimum process parameters for earthworm digestion of vegetable waste and verified the efficiency of these parameters on earthworm digestion. Five different influence factors with different levels were established:(1)Material decay time of 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 d;(2)Material C/N of 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36;(3)Moisture content of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%;(4)Environment temperature of 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 ℃;(5)Earthworm density of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 per kg of vegetable waste. The population quality, quantity change rate, and material digestion rate of the earthworms before and after cultivation were tested. The material decay ratio, material C/N, material moisture content, environmental temperature, and earthworm density all exerted significant effects on the earthworm digestion ability. There was a significantly logarithmic curve regularity(P<0.01)between earthworm digestion ability and material decay ratio as well as between earthworm digestion ability and earthworm density. However, the relationships between earthworm digestion ability with material C/N, material moisture content, and environment temperature were all downward parabolic curve correlations(P<0.01). According to the fitting curve equation, the optimization value of each process parameter of earthworm digestion was as follows:Material decay ratio was larger than 40.67%(i.e., pre-heap for more than 11 d); Material C/N was 27.79, Material moisture content was69.61%; The environment temperature was 26.23 ℃, and earthworm density was 57.17 per kg of vegetable waste. Compared with the CK treatment, the process parameter optimization treatment significantly improved earthworm weight and material digestion rate(P<0.05).
引文
[1]戚如金,魏涛,王梦芝,等.尾菜饲料化利用技术及其在畜禽养殖生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报, 2018, 30(4):1297-1302.QI Ru-Jin, WEI Tao, WANG Meng-zhi, et al. Technologies of feed utilization for vegetable waste and its application in livestock and poultry production[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018,30(4):1297-1302.
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[3]毕于运,王亚静,高春雨.中国主要秸秆资源数量及其区域分布[J].农机化研究, 2010(3):1-7.BI Yu-yun, WANG Ya-jing, GAO Chun-yu. Straw resource quantity and its regional distribution in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2010(3):1-7.
[4]王丽英,吴硕,张彦才,等.蔬菜废弃物堆肥化处理研究进展[J].中国蔬菜, 2014(6):6-12.WANG Li-ying, WU Shuo, ZHANG Yan-cai, et al. Research progress on composting treatment of vegetable wastes[J]. China Vegetables, 2014(6):6-12.
[5]王亚利,杨光,熊才耘,等.蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓堆肥对鸡毛菜生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(10):2129-2135.WANG Ya-li, YANG Guang, XIONG Cai-yun, et al. Effect of vegetable waste vermicompost on the growth of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(10):2129-2135.
[6]黄鼎曦,陆文静,王洪涛.农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨[J].环境污染治理与设备, 2002, 3(11):38-42.HUANG Ding-xi, LU Wen-jing, WANG Hong-tao. Progress on study of agricultural vegetable waste treatment[J]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2002, 3(11):38-42.
[7] Lu W J, Wang H T, Nie Y F, et al. Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with lingo-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process[J]. Journal of Environmental Science&Health, 2004,39:871-887.
[8]张志剑,刘萌,朱军.蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展[J].环境科学, 2013, 34(5):1679-1686.ZHANG Zhi-jian, LIU Meng, ZHU Jun. Organic waste treatment by earthworm vermicomposting and larvae bioconversion:Review and perspective[J]. Environ Sci, 2013, 34(5):1679-1686.
[9]赵海涛,狄霖,刘平,等.蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(9):255-259.ZHAO Hai-tao, DI Lin, LIU Ping, et al. Effect of earthworm bio-bed treatment on properties of cow manure[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011, 27(9):255-259.
[10] Sangwan P, Kaushik C P, Garg V K. Feasibility of utilization of horse dung spiked filter cake in vermicomposting using exotic earthworm(Eisenia foetida)[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(7):2442-2448.
[11] Hait S, Tare V. Optimizing vermistabilization of waste activated sludge using vermicomposting as bulking material[J]. Waste Management, 2011, 31(3):502-511.
[12]李辉信,胡锋,仓龙,等.蚯蚓堆制处理对牛粪性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2004, 23(3):588-593.LI hui-xin, HU Feng, CANG Long, et al. Effect of vermicomposting on characteristics of cattle manure[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2004, 23(3):588-593.
[13] Garg P, Gupta A, Satya S. Vermicomposting of different types of waste using Eisenia foetida:A comparative study[J]. Bioresource Technology,2006, 97(3):391-395.
[14]仓龙,李辉信,胡锋,等.赤子爱胜蚓处理畜禽粪便的最适湿度和接种密度研究[J].农村生态环境, 2002, 18(3):38-42.CANG long, LI hui-xin, HU Feng, et al. Optimal moisture condition and inoculation density of Eisenia foetida for vermicomposting of domestic animal manure[J]. Rural Eco-Environment, 2002,18(3):38-42.
[15]杨帆,李国学,江滔,等.蚯蚓辅助堆肥处理蔬菜废弃物及其温室气体减排效果[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(16):190-196.YANG Fan, LI Guo-xue, JIANG Tao, et al. Vermicomposting treatment of vegetable waste and its greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012, 28(16):190-196.
[16]蔡琳琳,李素艳,龚小强,等.好氧堆肥-蚯蚓堆肥结合法处理绿化废弃物与牛粪[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(2):261-267.CAI Lin-lin, LI Su-yan, GONG Xiao-qiang, et al. Composting-vermicomposting of green waste processing spiked with cow dung[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(2):261-267.
[17]杨文霞,郑金伟,李志鹏,等.果皮、菜叶混合垃圾的蚯蚓堆制处理[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2006, 22(2):49-53, 64.YANG Wen-xia, ZHENG Jin-wei, LI Zhi-peng, et al. Vermicomposting of mixed waste of pericarp and vegetable offal using Eisenia foetida[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2006, 22(2):49-53, 64.
[18]陈杰,谢飞,雍毅,等.蚯蚓生物处理猪粪肥料变化研究[J].环境保护科学, 2018, 41(1):89-94.CHEN Jie, XIE Fei, YONG Yi, et al. Study of the transformation of pig manure by earthworm biological treatment[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2018, 41(1):89-94.
[19]张雪萍,黄初龙,李景科.赤子爱胜蚓对森林凋落物的分解效率[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(9):2427-2433.ZHANG Xue-ping, HUANG Chu-long, LI Jing-ke, et al. Efficiencies of earthworms(Eisenia foetida)decomposing forest litters[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9):2427-2433.
[20] Cortez J, Hameed R, Bouche M B. C and N transfer in soil with or without earthworms fed with C and N-labeled wheat straw[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1989, 21(4):491-497.
[21] Zhang L H, Xu G H. Effects of microorganisms in synchronization with earthworms on the fertilities of soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,1990, 10(2):116-120.
[22] Parle J N. A microbiological study of earthworm casts[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1963, 31:13-22.
[23] Elvira C, Sampedro L, Nogales R. Suitability of sludges from dairy and paper industries for growth and reproduction of Eisenia andrei[J].Pedobiologia, 1998, 43(6):766-770.
[24] Nogales R, Melgar R, Guerrero A, et al. Growth and reproduction of Eisenia andrei in dry olive cake mixed with other organic wastes[J].Pedobiologia, 1999, 43(6):744-752.
[25] Ndegwa P M, Thompson S A. Effects of C-to-N ratio on vermicomposting of biosolids[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 75(1):7-12.
[26] Lee K E. Earthworms:Their ecology and relationships with soil and land use[M]. Australia:Academic Press, 1985:15-16.
[27]徐晋佑.蚯蚓生理学[M].广州：科学普及出版社, 1985.XU Jin-you. Earthworm physiology[M]. Guangzhou:Science Popularization Press, 1985.
[28]沈明星,王海候,沈晓萍,等.温度对蚯蚓处理牛粪能力的影响及调控效果[J].江苏农业科学, 2008(3):263-265.SHEN Ming-xing, WANG Hai-hou, SHEN Xiao-ping, et al. Effect of temperature on the ability of earthworm to treat cow dung and its regulation[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2008(3):263-265.
[29]王海候,沈明星,陆长婴,等.晚秋早冬季节覆盖保温措施对蚯蚓处理牛粪能力的影响[J].江西农业学报, 2009, 21(7):173-175WANG Hai-hou, SHEN Ming-xing, LU Chang-ying, et al. Influence of heat preservation measures through covering on ability of treating cattle manure by Eisenia foetida in late autumn and early winter[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2009, 21(7):173-175.
[30] Dominguze J, Edwards C A. Effect of stocking rate and moisture content on the growth and maturation of Eisenia andrei(Oligochaete)in pig manure[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1997, 9(3/4):743-746.
[2]杜鹏祥,韩雪,高杰云.我国蔬菜废弃物资源化高效利用潜力分析[J].中国蔬菜, 2015, 1(7):15-20.DU Peng-xiang, HAN Xue, GAO Jie-yun. Potential analysis on high efficient utilization of waste vegetable resources in China[J]. China Vegetables, 2015, 1(7):15-20.
[3]毕于运,王亚静,高春雨.中国主要秸秆资源数量及其区域分布[J].农机化研究, 2010(3):1-7.BI Yu-yun, WANG Ya-jing, GAO Chun-yu. Straw resource quantity and its regional distribution in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2010(3):1-7.
[4]王丽英,吴硕,张彦才,等.蔬菜废弃物堆肥化处理研究进展[J].中国蔬菜, 2014(6):6-12.WANG Li-ying, WU Shuo, ZHANG Yan-cai, et al. Research progress on composting treatment of vegetable wastes[J]. China Vegetables, 2014(6):6-12.
[5]王亚利,杨光,熊才耘,等.蔬菜废弃物蚯蚓堆肥对鸡毛菜生长的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(10):2129-2135.WANG Ya-li, YANG Guang, XIONG Cai-yun, et al. Effect of vegetable waste vermicompost on the growth of Brassica chinensis[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2017, 36(10):2129-2135.
[6]黄鼎曦,陆文静,王洪涛.农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨[J].环境污染治理与设备, 2002, 3(11):38-42.HUANG Ding-xi, LU Wen-jing, WANG Hong-tao. Progress on study of agricultural vegetable waste treatment[J]. Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2002, 3(11):38-42.
[7] Lu W J, Wang H T, Nie Y F, et al. Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with lingo-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process[J]. Journal of Environmental Science&Health, 2004,39:871-887.
[8]张志剑,刘萌,朱军.蚯蚓堆肥及蝇蛆生物转化技术在有机废弃物处理应用中的研究进展[J].环境科学, 2013, 34(5):1679-1686.ZHANG Zhi-jian, LIU Meng, ZHU Jun. Organic waste treatment by earthworm vermicomposting and larvae bioconversion:Review and perspective[J]. Environ Sci, 2013, 34(5):1679-1686.
[9]赵海涛,狄霖,刘平,等.蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响[J].农业工程学报, 2011, 27(9):255-259.ZHAO Hai-tao, DI Lin, LIU Ping, et al. Effect of earthworm bio-bed treatment on properties of cow manure[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011, 27(9):255-259.
[10] Sangwan P, Kaushik C P, Garg V K. Feasibility of utilization of horse dung spiked filter cake in vermicomposting using exotic earthworm(Eisenia foetida)[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99(7):2442-2448.
[11] Hait S, Tare V. Optimizing vermistabilization of waste activated sludge using vermicomposting as bulking material[J]. Waste Management, 2011, 31(3):502-511.
[12]李辉信,胡锋,仓龙,等.蚯蚓堆制处理对牛粪性状的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2004, 23(3):588-593.LI hui-xin, HU Feng, CANG Long, et al. Effect of vermicomposting on characteristics of cattle manure[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2004, 23(3):588-593.
[13] Garg P, Gupta A, Satya S. Vermicomposting of different types of waste using Eisenia foetida:A comparative study[J]. Bioresource Technology,2006, 97(3):391-395.
[14]仓龙,李辉信,胡锋,等.赤子爱胜蚓处理畜禽粪便的最适湿度和接种密度研究[J].农村生态环境, 2002, 18(3):38-42.CANG long, LI hui-xin, HU Feng, et al. Optimal moisture condition and inoculation density of Eisenia foetida for vermicomposting of domestic animal manure[J]. Rural Eco-Environment, 2002,18(3):38-42.
[15]杨帆,李国学,江滔,等.蚯蚓辅助堆肥处理蔬菜废弃物及其温室气体减排效果[J].农业工程学报, 2012, 28(16):190-196.YANG Fan, LI Guo-xue, JIANG Tao, et al. Vermicomposting treatment of vegetable waste and its greenhouse gas emissions[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012, 28(16):190-196.
[16]蔡琳琳,李素艳,龚小强,等.好氧堆肥-蚯蚓堆肥结合法处理绿化废弃物与牛粪[J].浙江农林大学学报, 2018, 35(2):261-267.CAI Lin-lin, LI Su-yan, GONG Xiao-qiang, et al. Composting-vermicomposting of green waste processing spiked with cow dung[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2018, 35(2):261-267.
[17]杨文霞,郑金伟,李志鹏,等.果皮、菜叶混合垃圾的蚯蚓堆制处理[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2006, 22(2):49-53, 64.YANG Wen-xia, ZHENG Jin-wei, LI Zhi-peng, et al. Vermicomposting of mixed waste of pericarp and vegetable offal using Eisenia foetida[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2006, 22(2):49-53, 64.
[18]陈杰,谢飞,雍毅,等.蚯蚓生物处理猪粪肥料变化研究[J].环境保护科学, 2018, 41(1):89-94.CHEN Jie, XIE Fei, YONG Yi, et al. Study of the transformation of pig manure by earthworm biological treatment[J]. Environmental Protection Science, 2018, 41(1):89-94.
[19]张雪萍,黄初龙,李景科.赤子爱胜蚓对森林凋落物的分解效率[J].生态学报, 2005, 25(9):2427-2433.ZHANG Xue-ping, HUANG Chu-long, LI Jing-ke, et al. Efficiencies of earthworms(Eisenia foetida)decomposing forest litters[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9):2427-2433.
[20] Cortez J, Hameed R, Bouche M B. C and N transfer in soil with or without earthworms fed with C and N-labeled wheat straw[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1989, 21(4):491-497.
[21] Zhang L H, Xu G H. Effects of microorganisms in synchronization with earthworms on the fertilities of soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,1990, 10(2):116-120.
[22] Parle J N. A microbiological study of earthworm casts[J]. Journal of General Microbiology, 1963, 31:13-22.
[23] Elvira C, Sampedro L, Nogales R. Suitability of sludges from dairy and paper industries for growth and reproduction of Eisenia andrei[J].Pedobiologia, 1998, 43(6):766-770.
[24] Nogales R, Melgar R, Guerrero A, et al. Growth and reproduction of Eisenia andrei in dry olive cake mixed with other organic wastes[J].Pedobiologia, 1999, 43(6):744-752.
[25] Ndegwa P M, Thompson S A. Effects of C-to-N ratio on vermicomposting of biosolids[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 75(1):7-12.
[26] Lee K E. Earthworms:Their ecology and relationships with soil and land use[M]. Australia:Academic Press, 1985:15-16.
[27]徐晋佑.蚯蚓生理学[M].广州：科学普及出版社, 1985.XU Jin-you. Earthworm physiology[M]. Guangzhou:Science Popularization Press, 1985.
[28]沈明星,王海候,沈晓萍,等.温度对蚯蚓处理牛粪能力的影响及调控效果[J].江苏农业科学, 2008(3):263-265.SHEN Ming-xing, WANG Hai-hou, SHEN Xiao-ping, et al. Effect of temperature on the ability of earthworm to treat cow dung and its regulation[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Science, 2008(3):263-265.
[29]王海候,沈明星,陆长婴,等.晚秋早冬季节覆盖保温措施对蚯蚓处理牛粪能力的影响[J].江西农业学报, 2009, 21(7):173-175WANG Hai-hou, SHEN Ming-xing, LU Chang-ying, et al. Influence of heat preservation measures through covering on ability of treating cattle manure by Eisenia foetida in late autumn and early winter[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi, 2009, 21(7):173-175.
[30] Dominguze J, Edwards C A. Effect of stocking rate and moisture content on the growth and maturation of Eisenia andrei(Oligochaete)in pig manure[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 1997, 9(3/4):743-746.
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