五种挺水植物腐解过程及其对湿地水质的影响
|
摘要
为研究5种挺水植物腐解对湿地水质的影响,通过为期60 d室内模拟试验,选取5种挺水植物海寿花、白菖蒲、美人蕉、再力花和风车草,研究其腐解过程及对水质的影响。结果表明:5种挺水植物腐解速率趋势相似,初期(0～6 d)快速分解,随后缓慢分解,试验结束时,5种植物质量损失率大小依次为菖蒲(69.40%)>美人蕉(68.42%)>海寿花(46.72%)>风车草(34.33%)>再力花(33.73%)。在整个试验周期内,植物残体TN窄幅波动,植物残体TP在试验初期(0～6 d)快速下降,随后窄幅波动。不同种类植物腐解过程对水质的影响存在差异,但均在试验初期引起水质较大变化。水体pH和DO在试验初期快速下降,随后缓慢上升,试验结束时均低于初始值,其中水体pH与植物腐解速率呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。不同处理组水体TP和无机氮(NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N)含量变化也存在一定差异,水体TP与pH负相关,但仅有菖蒲组和风车草组具有显著性(P<0.01)。研究表明:挺水植物腐解对湿地水质的影响具有时效性,应在植物衰亡初期进行有计划地收割,避免引起水质剧烈波动。
A 60-day indoor simulation experiment was conducted to study the decomposition process of five emergent plant species, Pontederia cordata, Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Thalia dealbata, and Cyperus alternifolius, and their influence on the water quality of wetlands. The decomposition rates of these species showed similar trends, and were rapid during the first six days but much slower from day 6 to day 60 in terms of biomass loss. At the end of the experiment, the weight loss of the five emergent plant species was in the order of Acorus calamus(69.40%)>Canna indica(68.42%)>Pontederia cordata(46.72%)>Cyperus alternifolius(34.33%)>Thalia dealbata(33.73%). During the decomposition process, the dynamics of TN concentration in plants changed within a small range, and the dynamics of TP concentration in plants decreased rapidly in the early stage of the experiment(0～6 d), and changed slightly from day 12 to the end of the experiment.The effect of the decomposition process of these five emergent plant species on water quality differed, but they all lead to considerable changes in water quality at the beginning of the experiment. The pH and DO of the water body decreased rapidly during the initial stage of the experiment and increased slowly thereafter. At the end of the experiment, the pH and DO values were less than the initial values, and pH was significantly negatively correlated with the plant decomposition rate(P<0.01). The changes in TP and inorganic nitrogen(NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N)in water were also different within the 60 days. The TP was negatively correlated with pH; however, a significant difference was found only in the Acorus calamus group and the Cyperus alternifolius group(P<0.01). The results showed that the decomposition of emergent plants has a time-dependent effect on wetland water quality. To avoid drastic changes in water quality, emergent plants should be harvested in the early stage of plant decline.
A 60-day indoor simulation experiment was conducted to study the decomposition process of five emergent plant species, Pontederia cordata, Acorus calamus, Canna indica, Thalia dealbata, and Cyperus alternifolius, and their influence on the water quality of wetlands. The decomposition rates of these species showed similar trends, and were rapid during the first six days but much slower from day 6 to day 60 in terms of biomass loss. At the end of the experiment, the weight loss of the five emergent plant species was in the order of Acorus calamus(69.40%)>Canna indica(68.42%)>Pontederia cordata(46.72%)>Cyperus alternifolius(34.33%)>Thalia dealbata(33.73%). During the decomposition process, the dynamics of TN concentration in plants changed within a small range, and the dynamics of TP concentration in plants decreased rapidly in the early stage of the experiment(0～6 d), and changed slightly from day 12 to the end of the experiment.The effect of the decomposition process of these five emergent plant species on water quality differed, but they all lead to considerable changes in water quality at the beginning of the experiment. The pH and DO of the water body decreased rapidly during the initial stage of the experiment and increased slowly thereafter. At the end of the experiment, the pH and DO values were less than the initial values, and pH was significantly negatively correlated with the plant decomposition rate(P<0.01). The changes in TP and inorganic nitrogen(NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N)in water were also different within the 60 days. The TP was negatively correlated with pH; however, a significant difference was found only in the Acorus calamus group and the Cyperus alternifolius group(P<0.01). The results showed that the decomposition of emergent plants has a time-dependent effect on wetland water quality. To avoid drastic changes in water quality, emergent plants should be harvested in the early stage of plant decline.
引文
[1]俞琳莺,孙志高,孙文广,等.外源氮输入对生长季黄河口碱蓬-土壤系统磷分布规律的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2019, 32(6):1052-1062.YU Lin-ying, SUN Zhi-gao, SUN Wen-guang, et al. Effects of exogenous nitrogen enrichment on distributions of total phosphorus in plantsoil system of Suaeda salsa marsh in the Yellow River estuary during the growing season[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2019, 32(6):1052-1062.
[2]李家兵,张党玉,吴春山,等. pH对闽江河口湿地沉积物氮素转化关键过程的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(1):272-278.LI Jia-bing, ZHANG Dang-yu, WU Chun-shan, et al. Effects of pH on the key nitrogen transformation processes of the wetland sediment in the Min River estuary[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,31(1):272-278.
[3]王雨,祝贵兵.水陆交错带氮循环热区效应与厌氧氨氧化过程[J].生物产业技术, 2015, 3(5):30-34.WANG Yu, ZHU Gui-bing. Thermal zone effect of nitrogen cycle and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in land/inland water ecotones[J].Biotechnology and Business, 2015, 3(5):30-34.
[4]牛翠云,王树涛,郭艳杰,等.白洋淀湿地芦苇型水陆交错带土壤氮素形态变化和N2O排放特征及氮储量研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2017, 40(3):72-79.NIU Cui-yun, WANG Shu-tao, GUO Yan-jie, et al. Studies on variation characteristics of soil nitrogen forms, nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen storage of the Phragmites australis-dominated land/inland water ecotones in Baiyangdian wetland[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2017, 40(3):72-79.
[5]张来甲,叶春,李春华,等.沉水植物腐解对水体水质的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2013, 26(2):145-151.ZHANG Lai-jia, YE Chun, LI Chun-hua, et al. The effect of submerged macrophytes decomposition on water quality[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 26(2):145-151.
[6]亓鹏玉,刘金明.挺水植物芦苇的腐解对水体水质的影响[J].环境工程技术学报, 2016, 6(6):591-599.QI Peng-yu, LIU Jin-ming. The influence of bulrush litter decomposition on water quality[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2016, 6(6):591-599.
[7]刘彪,杨晓玉,孙华鹏.芦苇腐解对白龟湖湿地水质的影响研究[J].河南城建学院学报, 2016, 25(5):61-67.LIU Biao, YANG Xiao-yu, SUN Hua-peng, Decomposition of Phragmites australis and its influence on water quality of Baigui Lake wetland[J]. Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction, 2016, 25(5):61-67.
[8]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2013, 24(1):83-89.TANG Jin-yan, CAO Pei-pei, XU Chi, et al Effects of aquatic plants during their decay and decomposition on water quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(1):83-89.
[9] Olson J S. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems[J]. Ecology, 1963, 44(2):322-331.
[10]藕翔,崔康平,汤海燕,等.不同水环境下苦草腐解对水质的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2017, 30(10):1553-1560.OU Xiang, CUI Kang-ping, TANG Hai-yan, et al. Impacts of decomposition of Vallisneria natans on nutrient speciation concentration in two kinds of water environments[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(10):1553-1560.
[11]杨飞,姚佳,张毅敏,等.温度对沉水植物腐解释放DOM及微生物群落多样性的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2018, 38(10):3904-3913.YANG Fei, YAO Jia, ZHANG Yi-min, et al. Research on the dissolved organic matter and microbial community diversity of submerged macrophytes decomposed under different temperature[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(10):3904-3913.
[12]付贤钟,崔康平,藕翔,等.不同生物量苦草残体腐解对水体水质的影响[J].净水技术, 2018, 37(1):123-128.FU Xian-zhong, CUI Kang-ping, OU Xiang, et al. Effect of residues decomposition of Vallisneria natans on water quality under different biomass levels in water body[J]. Water Purification Technology, 2018,37(1):123-128.
[13] Taylor B R, Parkinson D. Nitrogen and lignin content as predictors of litter decay rates:A microcosm test[J]. Ecology, 1989, 70(1):97-104.
[14] Berg B, Staaf H. Decomposition rate and chemical changes of Scots pine needle litter[J]. Ecological Bulletins, 1980, 32(32):363-372.
[15]周林飞,关秀婷,王铁良.几种水生植物对湿地底泥中营养物质含量变化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):278-284.ZHOU Lin-fei, GUAN Xiu-ting, WANG Tie-liang. Influence of several aquatic plants on nutrient content in bottom mud of wetland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(1):278-284.
[16]李倩,田翠翠,肖邦定.黑藻根际对沉积物中氨氧化细菌和古菌的影响[J].环境工程学报, 2014, 8(10):4209-4214.LI Qian, TIAN Cui-cui, XIAO Bang-ding. Effect of Hydrilla verticillata rhizosphere on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea in sediment[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(10):4209-4214.
[17]李菲菲,褚淑祎,崔灵周,等.沉水植物生长和腐解对富营养化水体氮磷的影响机制研究进展[J].生态科学, 2018, 37(4):225-230.LI Fei-fei, CHU Shu-yi, CUI Ling-zhou, et al. Research advances on the influence mechanisms of submerged plants growth and decomposition on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water[J]. Ecological Science, 2018, 37(4):225-230.
[18]曹培培,刘茂松,唐金艳,等.几种水生植物腐解过程的比较研究[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(14):3848-3858.CAO Pei-pei, LIU Mao-song, TANG Jin-yan, et al. A comparative study on the decomposition processes among some aquatic plants[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(14):3848-3858.
[19]汤志凯,张毅敏,杨飞,等. 3种水生植物腐解过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化过程研究[J].环境科学学报, 2019, 39(3):716-721.TANG Zhi-kai, ZHANG Yi-min, YANG Fei, et al. Migration and transformation of phosphorus nutrients in the decomposition process of three aquatic plants[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(3):716-721.
[20] Fog K. The effect of added nitrogen on the rate of decomposition of organic matter[J]. Biological Reviews, 2010, 63(3):433-462.
[21]曹勋,韩睿明,章婷曦,等.冬季水生植物分解过程及其对水质的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):361-369.CAO Xun, HAN Rui-ming, ZHANG Ting-xi, et al. Decomposition of aquatic plants during winter and its influence on water quality[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):361-369.
[22]王瑾,黄建辉.暖温带地区主要树种叶片凋落物分解过程中主要元素释放的比较[J].植物生态学报, 2001, 25(3):375-380.WANG Jin, HUANG Jian-hui. Comparison of major nutrient release patterns in leaf litter decomposition in warm temperate zone of China[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, 25(3):375-380.
[23] Melillo J M, Aber J D, Muratore J F. Nitrogen and lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics[J]. Ecology, 1982, 63(3):621-626.
[24]杨继松,刘景双,于君宝,等.三江平原沼泽湿地枯落物分解及其营养动态[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(5):1297-1302.YANG Ji-song, LIU Jing-shuang, WANG Jun-bao, et al. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of marsh litter in the Sanjiang Plain, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5):1297-1302.
[25] Hernes P J, Benner R, Cowie G L, et al. Tannin diagenesis in mangrove leaves from a tropical estuary:A novel molecular approach[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65(18):3109-3122.
[26]温达志,魏平,张佑昌,等.鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根分解干物质损失和元素动态[J].生态学杂志, 1998, 17(2):1-6.WEN Da-zhi, WEI Ping, ZHANG You-chang, et al. Dry mass loss and chemical changes of decomposed fine roots in three China south subtropical forests at Dinghushan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,1998, 17(2):1-6.
[27]陈韬,张本,李剑沣,等.几种生物滞留植物对雨水中营养物的吸收动力学特征[J].环境工程, 2018, 36(9):21-25.CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ben, LI Jian-feng, et al. Absorption kinetics of nutrient in stormwater by several bioretention plants[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2018, 36(9):21-25.
[2]李家兵,张党玉,吴春山,等. pH对闽江河口湿地沉积物氮素转化关键过程的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(1):272-278.LI Jia-bing, ZHANG Dang-yu, WU Chun-shan, et al. Effects of pH on the key nitrogen transformation processes of the wetland sediment in the Min River estuary[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,31(1):272-278.
[3]王雨,祝贵兵.水陆交错带氮循环热区效应与厌氧氨氧化过程[J].生物产业技术, 2015, 3(5):30-34.WANG Yu, ZHU Gui-bing. Thermal zone effect of nitrogen cycle and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in land/inland water ecotones[J].Biotechnology and Business, 2015, 3(5):30-34.
[4]牛翠云,王树涛,郭艳杰,等.白洋淀湿地芦苇型水陆交错带土壤氮素形态变化和N2O排放特征及氮储量研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2017, 40(3):72-79.NIU Cui-yun, WANG Shu-tao, GUO Yan-jie, et al. Studies on variation characteristics of soil nitrogen forms, nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen storage of the Phragmites australis-dominated land/inland water ecotones in Baiyangdian wetland[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2017, 40(3):72-79.
[5]张来甲,叶春,李春华,等.沉水植物腐解对水体水质的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2013, 26(2):145-151.ZHANG Lai-jia, YE Chun, LI Chun-hua, et al. The effect of submerged macrophytes decomposition on water quality[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 26(2):145-151.
[6]亓鹏玉,刘金明.挺水植物芦苇的腐解对水体水质的影响[J].环境工程技术学报, 2016, 6(6):591-599.QI Peng-yu, LIU Jin-ming. The influence of bulrush litter decomposition on water quality[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2016, 6(6):591-599.
[7]刘彪,杨晓玉,孙华鹏.芦苇腐解对白龟湖湿地水质的影响研究[J].河南城建学院学报, 2016, 25(5):61-67.LIU Biao, YANG Xiao-yu, SUN Hua-peng, Decomposition of Phragmites australis and its influence on water quality of Baigui Lake wetland[J]. Journal of Henan University of Urban Construction, 2016, 25(5):61-67.
[8]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2013, 24(1):83-89.TANG Jin-yan, CAO Pei-pei, XU Chi, et al Effects of aquatic plants during their decay and decomposition on water quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(1):83-89.
[9] Olson J S. Energy storage and the balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems[J]. Ecology, 1963, 44(2):322-331.
[10]藕翔,崔康平,汤海燕,等.不同水环境下苦草腐解对水质的影响[J].环境科学研究, 2017, 30(10):1553-1560.OU Xiang, CUI Kang-ping, TANG Hai-yan, et al. Impacts of decomposition of Vallisneria natans on nutrient speciation concentration in two kinds of water environments[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2017, 30(10):1553-1560.
[11]杨飞,姚佳,张毅敏,等.温度对沉水植物腐解释放DOM及微生物群落多样性的影响[J].中国环境科学, 2018, 38(10):3904-3913.YANG Fei, YAO Jia, ZHANG Yi-min, et al. Research on the dissolved organic matter and microbial community diversity of submerged macrophytes decomposed under different temperature[J]. China Environmental Science, 2018, 38(10):3904-3913.
[12]付贤钟,崔康平,藕翔,等.不同生物量苦草残体腐解对水体水质的影响[J].净水技术, 2018, 37(1):123-128.FU Xian-zhong, CUI Kang-ping, OU Xiang, et al. Effect of residues decomposition of Vallisneria natans on water quality under different biomass levels in water body[J]. Water Purification Technology, 2018,37(1):123-128.
[13] Taylor B R, Parkinson D. Nitrogen and lignin content as predictors of litter decay rates:A microcosm test[J]. Ecology, 1989, 70(1):97-104.
[14] Berg B, Staaf H. Decomposition rate and chemical changes of Scots pine needle litter[J]. Ecological Bulletins, 1980, 32(32):363-372.
[15]周林飞,关秀婷,王铁良.几种水生植物对湿地底泥中营养物质含量变化的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):278-284.ZHOU Lin-fei, GUAN Xiu-ting, WANG Tie-liang. Influence of several aquatic plants on nutrient content in bottom mud of wetland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(1):278-284.
[16]李倩,田翠翠,肖邦定.黑藻根际对沉积物中氨氧化细菌和古菌的影响[J].环境工程学报, 2014, 8(10):4209-4214.LI Qian, TIAN Cui-cui, XIAO Bang-ding. Effect of Hydrilla verticillata rhizosphere on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and archaea in sediment[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2014, 8(10):4209-4214.
[17]李菲菲,褚淑祎,崔灵周,等.沉水植物生长和腐解对富营养化水体氮磷的影响机制研究进展[J].生态科学, 2018, 37(4):225-230.LI Fei-fei, CHU Shu-yi, CUI Ling-zhou, et al. Research advances on the influence mechanisms of submerged plants growth and decomposition on nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water[J]. Ecological Science, 2018, 37(4):225-230.
[18]曹培培,刘茂松,唐金艳,等.几种水生植物腐解过程的比较研究[J].生态学报, 2014, 34(14):3848-3858.CAO Pei-pei, LIU Mao-song, TANG Jin-yan, et al. A comparative study on the decomposition processes among some aquatic plants[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(14):3848-3858.
[19]汤志凯,张毅敏,杨飞,等. 3种水生植物腐解过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化过程研究[J].环境科学学报, 2019, 39(3):716-721.TANG Zhi-kai, ZHANG Yi-min, YANG Fei, et al. Migration and transformation of phosphorus nutrients in the decomposition process of three aquatic plants[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2019, 39(3):716-721.
[20] Fog K. The effect of added nitrogen on the rate of decomposition of organic matter[J]. Biological Reviews, 2010, 63(3):433-462.
[21]曹勋,韩睿明,章婷曦,等.冬季水生植物分解过程及其对水质的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):361-369.CAO Xun, HAN Rui-ming, ZHANG Ting-xi, et al. Decomposition of aquatic plants during winter and its influence on water quality[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):361-369.
[22]王瑾,黄建辉.暖温带地区主要树种叶片凋落物分解过程中主要元素释放的比较[J].植物生态学报, 2001, 25(3):375-380.WANG Jin, HUANG Jian-hui. Comparison of major nutrient release patterns in leaf litter decomposition in warm temperate zone of China[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2001, 25(3):375-380.
[23] Melillo J M, Aber J D, Muratore J F. Nitrogen and lignin control of hardwood leaf litter decomposition dynamics[J]. Ecology, 1982, 63(3):621-626.
[24]杨继松,刘景双,于君宝,等.三江平原沼泽湿地枯落物分解及其营养动态[J].生态学报, 2006, 26(5):1297-1302.YANG Ji-song, LIU Jing-shuang, WANG Jun-bao, et al. Decomposition and nutrient dynamics of marsh litter in the Sanjiang Plain, China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5):1297-1302.
[25] Hernes P J, Benner R, Cowie G L, et al. Tannin diagenesis in mangrove leaves from a tropical estuary:A novel molecular approach[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 2001, 65(18):3109-3122.
[26]温达志,魏平,张佑昌,等.鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根分解干物质损失和元素动态[J].生态学杂志, 1998, 17(2):1-6.WEN Da-zhi, WEI Ping, ZHANG You-chang, et al. Dry mass loss and chemical changes of decomposed fine roots in three China south subtropical forests at Dinghushan[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,1998, 17(2):1-6.
[27]陈韬,张本,李剑沣,等.几种生物滞留植物对雨水中营养物的吸收动力学特征[J].环境工程, 2018, 36(9):21-25.CHEN Tao, ZHANG Ben, LI Jian-feng, et al. Absorption kinetics of nutrient in stormwater by several bioretention plants[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2018, 36(9):21-25.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |