上海市6～20岁人群不同体力活动水平的呼吸暴露参数研究
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摘要
目的依据环境健康评价理论,推算上海市6～20岁人群不同体力活动水平的呼吸暴露参数,以期精准化学生体力活动的空气污染标准,为学生体力活动指南的制定提供理论依据。方法采用人体能量代谢估算模型,根据《2014年上海市国民体质监测公报》的数据,计算上海市6～20岁人群不同体力活动水平的呼吸速率,并与全国、美国同龄人群进行比较。结果上海市6～20岁人群的呼吸速率为0.221～2.432 m3/h;在同一体力活动水平下,出现以10岁为界龄的性别交叉现象,即10岁前女童呼吸速率高于男性,10岁后男性人群呼吸速率高于女性;呼吸速率随年龄的增加而升高,且呈现随体力活动强度的增加而升高的规律。除轻微活动外,6～20岁人群不同体力活动水平的呼吸速率均高于全国同龄人群,男性高7.0%～8.8%,女性高3.4%～5.3%。轻微、中度、重体力活动时的6～20岁人群呼吸速率均低于美国同龄人群,低9.4%～42.0%。结论上海市6～20岁人群呼吸速率分布呈现一定规律,符合该年龄人群身体发育的性别、年龄特征和青春期的男女交叉现象。上海市6～20岁人群与国内外同龄人群的呼吸速率暴露参数有一定差异,建议在制定雾霾发生下的体力活动指南时,根据目标人群所在区域进行针对性的暴露参数调查,避免因直接采用全国或美国的暴露参数而造成误差。
Objective To accurately standardize physical activity of people aged 6-20 under air pollution and provide theoretical support for the establishment of the population's physical activity guidelines. Methods Based on the investigation of 2014 Shanghai National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin,the inhalation exposure parameters of people aged 6-20 years in Shanghai were calculated by a body energy estimation model. Results The respiratory rates ranged from 0.221 to 2.432 m~3/h,and if the subjects were over 10 years old,males' respiratory rates were higher than females'. If the subjects were lower than10 years old,males' respiratory rates were lower than females'. The respiratory rates increased with age and were significantly positively correlated with the intensity of physical activity. Except for the light physical activity,the respiratory rates of different physical activities of people aged 6-20 were higher than those of citizens at the same ages(by 7.0%-8.8% for males and by 3.4%-5.3% for females). The respiratory rates of the light physical activity,moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity of the population were lower than those of US citizens at the same ages(by 9.4%-42.0%). Conclusion The distribution regularity is presented by the respiratory rates of people aged 6-20 in Shanghai,conforming with the characteristics of ages,genders and men and women's cross phenomenon in adolescents. There are certain differences in inhalation exposure parameters between domestic and foreign population at the same age. It is better to investigate specific exposure factors in the target population area,when physical activity guidelines will be made in the haze pollution,and the error caused by directly using exposure parameters can be avoided in this way.
Objective To accurately standardize physical activity of people aged 6-20 under air pollution and provide theoretical support for the establishment of the population's physical activity guidelines. Methods Based on the investigation of 2014 Shanghai National Physical Fitness Monitoring Bulletin,the inhalation exposure parameters of people aged 6-20 years in Shanghai were calculated by a body energy estimation model. Results The respiratory rates ranged from 0.221 to 2.432 m~3/h,and if the subjects were over 10 years old,males' respiratory rates were higher than females'. If the subjects were lower than10 years old,males' respiratory rates were lower than females'. The respiratory rates increased with age and were significantly positively correlated with the intensity of physical activity. Except for the light physical activity,the respiratory rates of different physical activities of people aged 6-20 were higher than those of citizens at the same ages(by 7.0%-8.8% for males and by 3.4%-5.3% for females). The respiratory rates of the light physical activity,moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity of the population were lower than those of US citizens at the same ages(by 9.4%-42.0%). Conclusion The distribution regularity is presented by the respiratory rates of people aged 6-20 in Shanghai,conforming with the characteristics of ages,genders and men and women's cross phenomenon in adolescents. There are certain differences in inhalation exposure parameters between domestic and foreign population at the same age. It is better to investigate specific exposure factors in the target population area,when physical activity guidelines will be made in the haze pollution,and the error caused by directly using exposure parameters can be avoided in this way.
引文
[1]段小丽，黄楠，王贝贝，等.国内外环境健康风险评价中的暴露参数比较[J].环境与健康杂志，2012,29(2):99-104.
[2]王叶晴，段小丽，李天昕，等.空气污染健康风险评价中暴露参数的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志，2012,29(2):104-108.
[3]US EPA.Exposure factors handbook[M].EPA/600/R-090/052F.Washington DC:US EPA,2011.
[4]European Commission Joint Research Center Institute for Health and Consumer Protection.Exposure factors sourcebook for Europe[EB/OL].[2006-08-06].http：//cem.jrc.it/expofacts/.
[5]National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.Japanese exposure factors handbook[EB/OL].[2007-03-30].http：//unit.aist.go.jp/riss/crm/exposurefactors/english_summary.html.
[6]Kim S,Cheong HK,Choi K.Development of Korean exposure factors handbook for exposure assessment[J].Epidemiology,2016,17:460.
[7]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2013.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷：0~5岁)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[9]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷：6~17岁)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[10]上海市体育局，上海市教育委员会，上海市卫生和计划生育委员会.2014年上海市国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2015-11-25].http：//www.shsports.gov.cn/General/InfoPublicCatalogDetail/9993a348-ca89-4470-9ee0-95d3f18e109b.
[11]段小丽.暴露参数的研究方法及其在环境健康风险评价中应用[M].北京：科学出版社，2012:234-242.
[12]李可基，屈宁宁.中国成人基础代谢率实测值与公式预测值的比较[J].营养学报，2004,26(4):244-248.
[13]梁洁，蒋卓勤.中国健康成人基础代谢率估算公式的探讨[J].中国校医，2008,22(4):372-374.
[14]Schofield WN,Schofield C,James B.Basal metabolic rate review and predict ion together with an annotated bibliography of source material[J].Hum Nut Clin Nut,1985,39:95-96.
[15]杨彦，于云江，李定龙，等.温岭地区人群呼吸暴露参数研究[J].环境与健康杂志，2011,28(8):698.
[16]Bouehard CA,Tremblay C,Leblanc G,et al.Bouehard three-day physical activity record[J].Med Sci Sp Ex,1997,29:519-524.
[17]王宗爽，段小丽，刘平.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境与健康杂志[J].2009,22(10):1164-1170.
[2]王叶晴，段小丽，李天昕，等.空气污染健康风险评价中暴露参数的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志，2012,29(2):104-108.
[3]US EPA.Exposure factors handbook[M].EPA/600/R-090/052F.Washington DC:US EPA,2011.
[4]European Commission Joint Research Center Institute for Health and Consumer Protection.Exposure factors sourcebook for Europe[EB/OL].[2006-08-06].http：//cem.jrc.it/expofacts/.
[5]National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology.Japanese exposure factors handbook[EB/OL].[2007-03-30].http：//unit.aist.go.jp/riss/crm/exposurefactors/english_summary.html.
[6]Kim S,Cheong HK,Choi K.Development of Korean exposure factors handbook for exposure assessment[J].Epidemiology,2016,17:460.
[7]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2013.
[8]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷：0~5岁)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[9]中华人民共和国环境保护部.中国人群暴露参数手册(儿童卷：6~17岁)[M].北京：中国环境出版社，2016.
[10]上海市体育局，上海市教育委员会，上海市卫生和计划生育委员会.2014年上海市国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2015-11-25].http：//www.shsports.gov.cn/General/InfoPublicCatalogDetail/9993a348-ca89-4470-9ee0-95d3f18e109b.
[11]段小丽.暴露参数的研究方法及其在环境健康风险评价中应用[M].北京：科学出版社，2012:234-242.
[12]李可基，屈宁宁.中国成人基础代谢率实测值与公式预测值的比较[J].营养学报，2004,26(4):244-248.
[13]梁洁，蒋卓勤.中国健康成人基础代谢率估算公式的探讨[J].中国校医，2008,22(4):372-374.
[14]Schofield WN,Schofield C,James B.Basal metabolic rate review and predict ion together with an annotated bibliography of source material[J].Hum Nut Clin Nut,1985,39:95-96.
[15]杨彦，于云江，李定龙，等.温岭地区人群呼吸暴露参数研究[J].环境与健康杂志，2011,28(8):698.
[16]Bouehard CA,Tremblay C,Leblanc G,et al.Bouehard three-day physical activity record[J].Med Sci Sp Ex,1997,29:519-524.
[17]王宗爽，段小丽，刘平.环境健康风险评价中我国居民暴露参数探讨[J].环境与健康杂志[J].2009,22(10):1164-1170.
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