浙江省农村饮用水消毒效果及影响因素研究
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摘要
目的分析浙江省农村饮用水消毒效果及影响因素,为控制农村饮用水微生物污染及预防介水传染病的发生提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取浙江省879家农村饮用水供水厂,采集2017年农村饮用水水样5 299份,按照GB 5749—2006 《生活饮用水卫生标准》评价饮用水的消毒效果,采用Logistic回归模型分析农村饮用水消毒效果的影响因素。结果浙江省农村水厂处理工艺以常规处理为主,540家占61.43%;水源以地表水为主,771家占87.71%。经过消毒处理的水样4 458份,占84.13%。消毒剂余量总合格率为86.05%;其中二氧化氯消毒水样占22.32%,消毒剂余量合格率为100.00%。Logistic回归分析结果显示,水厂规模、消毒剂余量是否合格、消毒设备使用频率、是否消毒、水源水浑浊度和水期是消毒效果的影响因素(P<0.05)。是否消毒、消毒剂余量是否合格、消毒设备使用频率和水源水浑浊度是出厂水消毒效果的影响因素(P<0.05);是否消毒、消毒剂余量是否合格、消毒设备使用频率、水源水浑浊度和水厂规模是末梢水消毒效果的影响因素(P<0.05)。消毒剂余量是否合格、消毒设备使用频率、水源水浑浊度和水厂规模是地表水消毒效果的影响因素(P<0.05);消毒剂余量是否合格、消毒设备使用频率、水源水浑浊度和pH值是地下水消毒效果的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论浙江省农村饮用水消毒效果受原水水质、水厂规模和水处理工艺等多种因素的影响。水厂在制水和输配水过程中应完善消毒工艺,加强水厂管理,规范消毒以进一步控制微生物的超标风险。
Objective To learn the disinfection effect and its influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the control of microbial pollution in drinking water and prevention of waterborne diseases. Methods A total of 5 299 samples from 879 rural water plants Zhejiang Province were collected by stratified sampling method in 2017. The disinfection effect of water samples was assessed quality according to GB 5749-2006 Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors for disinfection effect of rural drinking water. Results There were 540 rural water plants in Zhejiang Province adopting routine process for water purification,accounting for 61.43%;771 ones using surface water,accounting for 87.72%. About 4 458 samples(84.13%) were disinfected and the qualified rate was 86.05%,22.32% of which were disinfected by chlorine dioxide and the qualified rate was 100.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that scale of water plant,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,disinfection,season and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of rural drinking water(P<0.05);disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of finished water(P<0.05);disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of tap water(P<0.05);disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors forthe disinfection effect of surface water(P <0.05); disinfectant residue, use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and pH were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of groundwater(P<0.05). Conclusion The disinfection effect of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province is associated with source water quality,scale of plants,water purification technique and so on. The disinfection process should be improved,the management of water plants should be strengthened to reduce the risk of microbial contamination.
Objective To learn the disinfection effect and its influencing factors of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province,so as to provide scientific basis for the control of microbial pollution in drinking water and prevention of waterborne diseases. Methods A total of 5 299 samples from 879 rural water plants Zhejiang Province were collected by stratified sampling method in 2017. The disinfection effect of water samples was assessed quality according to GB 5749-2006 Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors for disinfection effect of rural drinking water. Results There were 540 rural water plants in Zhejiang Province adopting routine process for water purification,accounting for 61.43%;771 ones using surface water,accounting for 87.72%. About 4 458 samples(84.13%) were disinfected and the qualified rate was 86.05%,22.32% of which were disinfected by chlorine dioxide and the qualified rate was 100.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that scale of water plant,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,disinfection,season and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of rural drinking water(P<0.05);disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment and source water turbidity were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of finished water(P<0.05);disinfection,disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of tap water(P<0.05);disinfectant residue,use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and scale of water plant were the influencing factors forthe disinfection effect of surface water(P <0.05); disinfectant residue, use frequency of disinfection equipment,source water turbidity and pH were the influencing factors for the disinfection effect of groundwater(P<0.05). Conclusion The disinfection effect of drinking water in rural areas of Zhejiang Province is associated with source water quality,scale of plants,water purification technique and so on. The disinfection process should be improved,the management of water plants should be strengthened to reduce the risk of microbial contamination.
引文
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[11]栗,狄娟,张旭辉,等.2017年云南省农村水厂饮用水消毒现状调查[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(22):166-169.
[12]刘国红,廖玉学,黄广文,等.深圳市2016年生活饮用水水质影响因素[J].中国热带医学,2018,18(1):72-75.
[13]雷钦.关于饮用水浑浊度对余氯消毒效果的影响分析[J].低碳世界,2014(15):19-20.
[14]甘霖,刘华平,常椿滟.2014—2016年南充市饮用水消毒效果相关因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018,34(4):140-143.
[15] MI Z,DAI Y,XIE S,et al.Impact of disinfection on drinking water biofilm bacterial community[J].J Environ Sci,2015,37(11):200-205.
[16]张景山,李峻,葛明,等.2007—2010年南京市集中式供水单位出厂水消毒效果调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(7):657.
[17]罗彤,颜小平,祝纪华,等.四川省夹江县农村饮用水微生物指标检测及影响因素分析[J].现代医药卫生,2015,31(4):520-522.
[18]孙其家,仲春林.不同pH及温度对饮用水消毒效果的影响[J].现代预防医学,2003,30(4):579-580.
[19]石鹏,席淑华.我国农村生活饮用水卫生现状研究进展[J/OL].中国公共卫生:1-3[2019-07-12].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1234.R.20181016.1552.018.html.
[2]丁东儿,陈君斌,吕辉.浙江省奉化市2013—2014年农村生活饮用水卫生监测结果[J].上海预防医学,2016,28(1):64-65.
[3]屈凌燕,刘颖,王群利.宁波市城市生活饮用水主动监测结果分析[J].浙江预防医学,2016,28(6):628-630.
[4]王锦绣,陈宇鸿.温岭市农村集中式供水卫生状况分析[J].预防医学,2017,29(6):623-625.
[5]毛德发,田金霞.北京市村镇供水消毒现状分析与对策[J].北京水务,2016(5):29-32.
[6]张洪祥,刘本先,刘海煜.2017年潍坊市农村饮用水卫生现状调查分析[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2018,33(9):66-68.
[7]李张,金立坚,秦岭,等.四川省农村饮用水复合二氧化氯消毒效果分析[J].实用预防医学,2018,25(5):568-571.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部.生活饮用水标准检验方法:GB/T5750—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[9]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化管理委员会.生活饮用水卫生标准:GB/T 5749—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[10]蔡建民,楼晓明,陈志健,等.浙江省2010年农村分散式供水水质现状分析[J].浙江预防医学,2012,24(5):1-3.
[11]栗,狄娟,张旭辉,等.2017年云南省农村水厂饮用水消毒现状调查[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(22):166-169.
[12]刘国红,廖玉学,黄广文,等.深圳市2016年生活饮用水水质影响因素[J].中国热带医学,2018,18(1):72-75.
[13]雷钦.关于饮用水浑浊度对余氯消毒效果的影响分析[J].低碳世界,2014(15):19-20.
[14]甘霖,刘华平,常椿滟.2014—2016年南充市饮用水消毒效果相关因素分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018,34(4):140-143.
[15] MI Z,DAI Y,XIE S,et al.Impact of disinfection on drinking water biofilm bacterial community[J].J Environ Sci,2015,37(11):200-205.
[16]张景山,李峻,葛明,等.2007—2010年南京市集中式供水单位出厂水消毒效果调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,29(7):657.
[17]罗彤,颜小平,祝纪华,等.四川省夹江县农村饮用水微生物指标检测及影响因素分析[J].现代医药卫生,2015,31(4):520-522.
[18]孙其家,仲春林.不同pH及温度对饮用水消毒效果的影响[J].现代预防医学,2003,30(4):579-580.
[19]石鹏,席淑华.我国农村生活饮用水卫生现状研究进展[J/OL].中国公共卫生:1-3[2019-07-12].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1234.R.20181016.1552.018.html.
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