郑州市大气中气态元素汞的浓度及分布特征研究
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摘要
2015—2016年在郑州市8个行政区布设80个采样点,监测分析气态元素汞(GEM)浓度分布特征。结果表明,郑州市GEM小时平均质量浓度范围为2.50 ng/m~3～17.4 ng/m~3,平均值为(8.91±1.68)ng/m~3;日间GEM浓度高于夜间,12:00—15:00达到最高值,早晨降至最低值;四季GEM平均浓度由高到低为冬季>春季>秋季>夏季;8个行政区的GEM平均浓度由高到低为金水区>郑东新区>经开区>高新区>管城回族区>惠济区>中原区>二七区;不同功能区GEM平均浓度由高到低为工业区>交通区>商业区>高教区>行政区>住宅区。
80 sampling sites were set in eight districts of Zhengzhou for analyzing the distribution of gaseous elemental mercury(GEM) concentration from 2015 to 2016. Results showed that the hourly average of GEM concentrations in Zhengzhou were between 2.50 ng/m~3 and 17.4 ng/m~3, the mean concentration was(8.91±1.68)ng/m~3. The GEM concentration in daytime was higher than that at night, the peak hours were through 12:00 to 15:00, the minimum appeared in the morning. The GEM mean concentration in the four seasons was sorted from highest to lowest as winter>spring>fall>summer, while in the 8 districts, it was sorted as Jinshui district>Zhengdong new district>national economic and technological development zone>national hi-tech industrial development zone>Guancheng district>Huiji district>Zhongyuan district>Erqi district. In different functional zone, the mean concentration was sorted as industrial area>traffic area>commercial area>higher education area>administrative area>residential area.
80 sampling sites were set in eight districts of Zhengzhou for analyzing the distribution of gaseous elemental mercury(GEM) concentration from 2015 to 2016. Results showed that the hourly average of GEM concentrations in Zhengzhou were between 2.50 ng/m~3 and 17.4 ng/m~3, the mean concentration was(8.91±1.68)ng/m~3. The GEM concentration in daytime was higher than that at night, the peak hours were through 12:00 to 15:00, the minimum appeared in the morning. The GEM mean concentration in the four seasons was sorted from highest to lowest as winter>spring>fall>summer, while in the 8 districts, it was sorted as Jinshui district>Zhengdong new district>national economic and technological development zone>national hi-tech industrial development zone>Guancheng district>Huiji district>Zhongyuan district>Erqi district. In different functional zone, the mean concentration was sorted as industrial area>traffic area>commercial area>higher education area>administrative area>residential area.
引文
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[21] 杨书申,宋晓焱,彭竹琴,等.郑州市西郊臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(11):1748-1754.
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[23] PIRRONE N,CINNIRELLA S,FENG X B,et al.Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(13):5951-5964.
[2] HIGUERAS P,OYARZUN R,KOTNIK J,et al.A compilation of ?eld surveys on gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) from contrasting environmental settings in Europe,South America,South Africa and China:separating fads from facts[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2014,36(4):713-734.
[3] MA Y P,XU H M,QU Z,et al.Removal of mercury from flue gas from nonferrous metal smelting,by use of mercury chloride solution,and mechanisms of inhibition by sulfur dioxide[J].Research on Chemical Intermediates,2015,41:5889-5905.
[4] 吴晓云,郑有飞,林克思.我国大气环境中汞污染现状[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2623-2635.
[5] FENG X B,SHANG L H,WANG S F,et al.Temporal variation of total gaseous mercury in the air of Guiyang,China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2004,109(D3):215-229.
[6] EBINGHAUS R,KOCK H H,COGGINS A M,et al.Long-term measurements of atmospheric mercury at Mace Head,Irish west coast,between 1995 and 2001[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(34):5267-5276.
[7] KIM K H,KIM M Y.The temporal distribution characteristics of total gaseous mercury at an urban monitoring site in Seoul during 1999—2000[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35(25):4253-4263.
[8] LYNAM M M,KEELER G J.Automated speciated mercury measurements in Michigan[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39(23):9253-9262.
[9] ANDERSON H A.Eighth international conference on mercury as a global pollutant (ICMGP):human health and exposure to methylmercury[J].Environmental Research,2008,107(1):1-3.
[10] EDUARDOVNA K G,SAMUILOVICH R G,SERGEEVNA Y V.The UNEP global mercury assessment:sources,emissions and transport[J].Principy èkologii,2012,1(4):36001.
[11] 吴福全,梁柱,王雅玲,等.全球大气汞排放清单研究现状[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(3):18-21.
[12] 宋祖华,高蓓蕾,张迪生,等.典型钢铁企业汞排放水平及排放特征研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2017,29(5):17-20.
[13] LIN C J,PAN L,STREETS D G,et al.Estimating mercury emission out?ow from East Asia using CMAQ-Hg[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(4):1853-1864.
[14] PAN L,LIN C J,CARMICHAEL G R,et al.Study of atmospheric mercury budget in East Asia using STEM-Hg modeling system[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(16):3277-3291.
[15] 陈乐恬,刘俊华,佟玉芹,等.北京地区大气中汞污染状况的初步调查[J].环境化学,2000,19(4):357-361.
[16] WANG D Y,HE L,SHI X J,et al.Release flux of mercury from different environmental surfaces in Chongqing,China[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(11):1845-1854.
[17] SLEMR F,SCHEEL H E.Trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations at the summit of the Wank mountain,Southern Germany[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(5):845-853.
[18] SAKATA M,MARUMOTO K.Formation of atmospheric particulate mercury in the Tokyo metropolitan area[J].Atmospheric Environment,2002,36(2):239-246.
[19] SCHROEDER W H,MUNTHE J.Atmospheric mercury——An overview [J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(5):809-822.
[20] 张玉卿,刘汝海,崔雪晴,等.青岛霾天气下大气汞的污染特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):1905-1911.
[21] 杨书申,宋晓焱,彭竹琴,等.郑州市西郊臭氧浓度变化特征分析[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(11):1748-1754.
[22] FU X W,FENG X B,ZHU W Z,et al.Total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air in the eastern slope of Mt.Gongga,South-Eastern fringe of the Tibetan plateau,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2008,42(5):970-979.
[23] PIRRONE N,CINNIRELLA S,FENG X B,et al.Global mercury emissions to the atmosphere from anthropogenic and natural sources[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(13):5951-5964.
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