废弃冶炼厂重金属镉向周边的扩散及其风险评价
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摘要
废弃工矿区及周边地区重金属等污染物的生态风险隐患较高,了解其污染特征对防止污染源扩散十分关键。本研究按地形、水流走向等布点,采集了64个0～20 cm表层土壤样品,应用反距离权重插值(IDW)和数理统计相结合的方法,以及地累积指数评价法,探究湖南长沙某废弃冶炼厂重金属Cd向周边的扩散及土壤Cd污染的风险。结果表明:废弃冶炼厂周边土壤中有不同程度的Cd富集现象,其Cd含量在0.09～6.96 mg·kg-1,平均1.18mg·kg-1,超过当地土壤Cd背景值,是《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中风险筛选值的2.95倍,地积累指数平均值达中重度污染水平。IDW插值结果表明:污染高值区主要分布在调查区东部原废水排放小溪两侧,且与废弃冶炼厂距离越远,小溪两侧土壤的Cd含量逐渐降低;在沿风向分布上,亦有随冶炼厂距离越远土壤Cd含量越低的趋势;不同土地利用方式下,土壤Cd含量呈现为园地>水田>菜地>裸露地。研究结果为工矿源重金属排放管理提供了依据。
Soils around the abandoned industrial and mining area have high ecological risk due to the accumulation of heavy metals. Thus,better understanding of the pollution characteristics of heavy metals is conducive to the control of pollutant diffusion. In this study,64 soil samples of0-20 cm layer were collected according to the topography and water flow direction in the surrounding farmland of an abandoned smelter in Hunan Province. The diffusion risk of cadmium( Cd) was examined using the methods of inverse distance weighted interpolation( IDW),mathematical statistics,and geoaccumulation index evaluation. The results showed that obvious Cd accumulation in surrounding soils of the abandoned smelter. Soil Cd contents varied from 0.09 to6.96 mg·kg-1,with an average of 1.18 mg·kg-1,which exceeds the local background value for soil Cd and is about 2.95 times of the risk screening value in the Soil Environment Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agriculture Land in China. The average geo-accumulation index reached the level of medium and heavy pollution. The IDW results showed that the high-pollution area was mainly distributed on the banks of stream which was used as a pool of wastewater discharge and located in the eastern part of the survey area. Soil Cd contents decreased gradually with the distance from the smelter along the stream banks. Furthermore,soil Cd contents decreased with the distance from the smelter along the wind direction. Soil Cd contents under different land use patterns were in the order of garden > paddy field > vegetable field > bare land. These results provide a basis for the management of heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining sources.
Soils around the abandoned industrial and mining area have high ecological risk due to the accumulation of heavy metals. Thus,better understanding of the pollution characteristics of heavy metals is conducive to the control of pollutant diffusion. In this study,64 soil samples of0-20 cm layer were collected according to the topography and water flow direction in the surrounding farmland of an abandoned smelter in Hunan Province. The diffusion risk of cadmium( Cd) was examined using the methods of inverse distance weighted interpolation( IDW),mathematical statistics,and geoaccumulation index evaluation. The results showed that obvious Cd accumulation in surrounding soils of the abandoned smelter. Soil Cd contents varied from 0.09 to6.96 mg·kg-1,with an average of 1.18 mg·kg-1,which exceeds the local background value for soil Cd and is about 2.95 times of the risk screening value in the Soil Environment Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agriculture Land in China. The average geo-accumulation index reached the level of medium and heavy pollution. The IDW results showed that the high-pollution area was mainly distributed on the banks of stream which was used as a pool of wastewater discharge and located in the eastern part of the survey area. Soil Cd contents decreased gradually with the distance from the smelter along the stream banks. Furthermore,soil Cd contents decreased with the distance from the smelter along the wind direction. Soil Cd contents under different land use patterns were in the order of garden > paddy field > vegetable field > bare land. These results provide a basis for the management of heavy metal emissions from industrial and mining sources.
引文
陈守莉.2006.污染水稻土中重金属的形态分布及空间变化(硕士学位论文).南京:南京农业大学.
楚纯洁,周金风.2014.平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤重金属分布及污染特征.地理研究,33(7):1383-1392.
郭朝晖,涂卫佳,彭驰,等.2017.典型铅锌矿区河流沿岸农田土壤重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价.农业环境科学学报,36(10):2029-2038.
金晓丹,马华菊,颜增光,等.2018.典型制革厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征.广西大学学报:自然科学版,43(5):2079-2087.
李清良,吴倩,高进波,等.2015.基于小流域尺度的土壤重金属分布与土地利用相关性研究---以厦门市坂头水库流域为例.生态学报,35(16):5486-5494.
李忠义,张超兰,邓超冰,等.2009.铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属有效态空间分布及其影响因子分析.生态环境学报,18(5):1772-1776.
刘庚,毕如田,张朝,等.2013.某焦化场地苯并(a)芘污染空间分布范围预测的不确定性分析.环境科学学报,33(2):587-593.
刘剑锋,谷宁,张可慧.2012.土壤重金属空间分异及迁移研究进展与展望.地理与地理信息科学,28(2):99-103.
刘世梁,崔保山,温敏霞,等.2008.路域土壤重金属含量空间变异的影响因子.环境科学学报,28(2):253-260.
吕建树,何华春.2018.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布.环境科学,39(6):2853-2864.
马宏宏,余涛,杨忠芳,等.2018.典型区土壤重金属空间插值方法与污染评价.环境科学,39(10):4684-4693.
欧阳威,刘迎春,冷思文,等.2018.近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势分析.农业环境科学学报,37(10):2234-2241.
潘佐尼,杨国治.1988.湖南省土壤背景值及研究方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
史文娇,魏丹,汪景宽,等.2007.双城市土壤重金属空间分异及影响因子分析.水土保持学报,31(1):59-64.
宋波,杨子杰,张云霞,等.2018.广西西江流域土壤镉含量特征及风险评估.环境科学,39(4):1888-1900.
王波,毛任钊,曹健,等.2006.海河低平原区农田重金属含量的空间变异性---以河北省肥乡县为例.生态学报,26(12):4082-4090.
王洋洋,李方方,王笑阳,等.2019.铅锌冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染空间分布特征及风险评估.环境科学,40(1):437-444.
魏忠义,陆亮,王秋兵.2008.抚顺西露天矿大型煤矸石山及其周边土壤重金属污染研究.土壤通报,52(4):946-949.
曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.2013.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考.土壤学报,50(1):186-194.
张敏,王美娥,陈卫平,等.2015.湖南攸县典型煤矿和工厂区水稻田土壤镉污染特征及污染途径分析.环境科学,36(4):1425-1430.
郑睛之,王楚栋,王诗涵,等.2018.典型小城市土壤重金属空间异质性及其风险评价:以临安市为例.环境科学,39(6):2875-2883.
钟道旭,韩存亮,蒋金平,等.2011.镀锌厂周围农田土壤-水稻中重金属污染及其风险.土壤,43(1):143-147.
赵彦锋,史学正,黄标,等.2006.工业型城乡交错区农业土壤Zn的空间分异及其影响因子探讨---以无锡市为例.土壤,30(1):29-35.
Cai L,Xu Z,Ren M,et al.2012.Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou,Guangdong Province,China.Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,78:2-8.
Castillo S,de la Rosa JD,Sanchez de la Campa AM,et al.2013.Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district(Rio Tinto mines,Spain).Science of the Total Environment,449:363-372.
Ding Q,Cheng G,Wang Y,et al.2017.Effects of natural factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils surrounding mining regions.Science of the Total Environment,578:577-585.
He ZL,Yang XE,Stoffella PJ.2005.Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment.Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,19:125-140.
Muller G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geojournal,2:108-118.
Rodriguez MJA,Ramos-Miras JJ,Boluda RC.2013.Spatial relations of heavy metals in arable and greenhouse soils of a Mediterranean environment region(Spain).Geoderma,200-201:180-188.
Yi KX,Wang F,Chen JY,et al.2018.Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan Province,China.Science of the Total Environment,634:67-76.
Zhang C.2006.Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway,Ireland.Environmental Pollution,142:501-511.
楚纯洁,周金风.2014.平顶山矿区丘陵坡地土壤重金属分布及污染特征.地理研究,33(7):1383-1392.
郭朝晖,涂卫佳,彭驰,等.2017.典型铅锌矿区河流沿岸农田土壤重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险评价.农业环境科学学报,36(10):2029-2038.
金晓丹,马华菊,颜增光,等.2018.典型制革厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征.广西大学学报:自然科学版,43(5):2079-2087.
李清良,吴倩,高进波,等.2015.基于小流域尺度的土壤重金属分布与土地利用相关性研究---以厦门市坂头水库流域为例.生态学报,35(16):5486-5494.
李忠义,张超兰,邓超冰,等.2009.铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属有效态空间分布及其影响因子分析.生态环境学报,18(5):1772-1776.
刘庚,毕如田,张朝,等.2013.某焦化场地苯并(a)芘污染空间分布范围预测的不确定性分析.环境科学学报,33(2):587-593.
刘剑锋,谷宁,张可慧.2012.土壤重金属空间分异及迁移研究进展与展望.地理与地理信息科学,28(2):99-103.
刘世梁,崔保山,温敏霞,等.2008.路域土壤重金属含量空间变异的影响因子.环境科学学报,28(2):253-260.
吕建树,何华春.2018.江苏海岸带土壤重金属来源解析及空间分布.环境科学,39(6):2853-2864.
马宏宏,余涛,杨忠芳,等.2018.典型区土壤重金属空间插值方法与污染评价.环境科学,39(10):4684-4693.
欧阳威,刘迎春,冷思文,等.2018.近三十年非点源污染研究发展趋势分析.农业环境科学学报,37(10):2234-2241.
潘佐尼,杨国治.1988.湖南省土壤背景值及研究方法.北京:中国环境科学出版社.
史文娇,魏丹,汪景宽,等.2007.双城市土壤重金属空间分异及影响因子分析.水土保持学报,31(1):59-64.
宋波,杨子杰,张云霞,等.2018.广西西江流域土壤镉含量特征及风险评估.环境科学,39(4):1888-1900.
王波,毛任钊,曹健,等.2006.海河低平原区农田重金属含量的空间变异性---以河北省肥乡县为例.生态学报,26(12):4082-4090.
王洋洋,李方方,王笑阳,等.2019.铅锌冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属污染空间分布特征及风险评估.环境科学,40(1):437-444.
魏忠义,陆亮,王秋兵.2008.抚顺西露天矿大型煤矸石山及其周边土壤重金属污染研究.土壤通报,52(4):946-949.
曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等.2013.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考.土壤学报,50(1):186-194.
张敏,王美娥,陈卫平,等.2015.湖南攸县典型煤矿和工厂区水稻田土壤镉污染特征及污染途径分析.环境科学,36(4):1425-1430.
郑睛之,王楚栋,王诗涵,等.2018.典型小城市土壤重金属空间异质性及其风险评价:以临安市为例.环境科学,39(6):2875-2883.
钟道旭,韩存亮,蒋金平,等.2011.镀锌厂周围农田土壤-水稻中重金属污染及其风险.土壤,43(1):143-147.
赵彦锋,史学正,黄标,等.2006.工业型城乡交错区农业土壤Zn的空间分异及其影响因子探讨---以无锡市为例.土壤,30(1):29-35.
Cai L,Xu Z,Ren M,et al.2012.Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou,Guangdong Province,China.Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,78:2-8.
Castillo S,de la Rosa JD,Sanchez de la Campa AM,et al.2013.Contribution of mine wastes to atmospheric metal deposition in the surrounding area of an abandoned heavily polluted mining district(Rio Tinto mines,Spain).Science of the Total Environment,449:363-372.
Ding Q,Cheng G,Wang Y,et al.2017.Effects of natural factors on the spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils surrounding mining regions.Science of the Total Environment,578:577-585.
He ZL,Yang XE,Stoffella PJ.2005.Trace elements in agroecosystems and impacts on the environment.Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology,19:125-140.
Muller G.1969.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River.Geojournal,2:108-118.
Rodriguez MJA,Ramos-Miras JJ,Boluda RC.2013.Spatial relations of heavy metals in arable and greenhouse soils of a Mediterranean environment region(Spain).Geoderma,200-201:180-188.
Yi KX,Wang F,Chen JY,et al.2018.Annual input and output fluxes of heavy metals to paddy fields in four types of contaminated areas in Hunan Province,China.Science of the Total Environment,634:67-76.
Zhang C.2006.Using multivariate analyses and GIS to identify pollutants and their spatial patterns in urban soils in Galway,Ireland.Environmental Pollution,142:501-511.
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