黄河下游鱼类资源调查研究
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摘要
为合理保护黄河下游鱼类资源,对黄河下游的鱼类组成及分布情况进行了调查。调查共发现鱼类27种,其中鲤形目19种,鲈形目4种,鲇形目2种,鲻形目和合鳃鱼目各1种。此次调查结果显示,黄河下游鱼类群落结构以小型化、低经济价值鱼类为主,而重要经济鱼类较少。郑州花园口段鲤在渔获物中比例较高,可能是近年来开展增殖放流的结果。造成鱼类资源下降的原因主要有水库调水调沙、水温偏低和酷渔滥捕。为合理开发利用黄河下游鱼类资源,应采取调水调沙对鱼类影响专题研究、全面调查鱼类资源现状、优化鱼类生境和放流技术、推广适度休渔等措施。
In order to reasonably protect fish resources,the composition and distribution of fish in the lower reaches of the Yellow River were investigated.Through the investigation,27 species of fish were found,including 19 species of Cypriniformes,4 species of Perciformes,2 species of Silurus,1 species of Mugiliformes and 1 species of Holobranchia.The investigation results showed that the community structure of fish in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was dominated by small-sized and low-economic value fishes.And the number of high-value fishes was less.Cyprinus carpio took higher proportion of the catches at Zhengzhou Huayuankou section,which might be the results of release and enhancement in recent years.The main reasons for the decline of fish resources included water and sediment regulation in reservoirs,low water temperature and excessive fishing. In order to rationally develop and utilize fish resources in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,some measures should be taken,including making special study on the effects of water and sediment regulation on fish,making comprehensive investigation on the current situations of fish resources,optimizing the habitats and releasing techniques of fish,promoting appropriate fishing moratorium.
In order to reasonably protect fish resources,the composition and distribution of fish in the lower reaches of the Yellow River were investigated.Through the investigation,27 species of fish were found,including 19 species of Cypriniformes,4 species of Perciformes,2 species of Silurus,1 species of Mugiliformes and 1 species of Holobranchia.The investigation results showed that the community structure of fish in the lower reaches of the Yellow River was dominated by small-sized and low-economic value fishes.And the number of high-value fishes was less.Cyprinus carpio took higher proportion of the catches at Zhengzhou Huayuankou section,which might be the results of release and enhancement in recent years.The main reasons for the decline of fish resources included water and sediment regulation in reservoirs,low water temperature and excessive fishing. In order to rationally develop and utilize fish resources in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,some measures should be taken,including making special study on the effects of water and sediment regulation on fish,making comprehensive investigation on the current situations of fish resources,optimizing the habitats and releasing techniques of fish,promoting appropriate fishing moratorium.
引文
[1] 袁永锋,李引娣,张林林,等.黄河干流中上游水生生物资源调查研究[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(6):15-19.
[2] 高玉玲,连煜,朱铁群.关于黄河鱼类资源保护的思考[J].人民黄河,2004(10):12-14.
[3] 朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索表[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[4] 崔松林,李利红,胡振平,等.黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及群落结构分析[J].水产学杂志,2013,26(5):30-34.
[5] 吕彬彬,杨兴中,王晓臣,等.黄河小浪底至入海口渔业资源现状与保护对策研究[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):73-79.
[6] 沈红保.黄河鱼类资源保护目标的研究[J].河北渔业,2009(5):23-27.
[7] 唐文家,申志新,简生龙.青海省黄河珍稀濒危鱼类及保护对策[J].水利渔业,2006,26(1):57-60.
[8] 张东亚.水利水电工程对鱼类的影响及保护措施[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):75-77.
[9] 潘怀剑,田家怡.黄河三角洲水质污染对淡水鱼类多样性的影响[J].水产科学,2001,20(4):17-20.
[10] 蒋杰,黄道明,管汉明.发展三峡水库渔业的思考[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(16):28-30.
[2] 高玉玲,连煜,朱铁群.关于黄河鱼类资源保护的思考[J].人民黄河,2004(10):12-14.
[3] 朱松泉.中国淡水鱼类检索表[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1995.
[4] 崔松林,李利红,胡振平,等.黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及群落结构分析[J].水产学杂志,2013,26(5):30-34.
[5] 吕彬彬,杨兴中,王晓臣,等.黄河小浪底至入海口渔业资源现状与保护对策研究[J].水生态学杂志,2012,33(3):73-79.
[6] 沈红保.黄河鱼类资源保护目标的研究[J].河北渔业,2009(5):23-27.
[7] 唐文家,申志新,简生龙.青海省黄河珍稀濒危鱼类及保护对策[J].水利渔业,2006,26(1):57-60.
[8] 张东亚.水利水电工程对鱼类的影响及保护措施[J].水资源保护,2011,27(5):75-77.
[9] 潘怀剑,田家怡.黄河三角洲水质污染对淡水鱼类多样性的影响[J].水产科学,2001,20(4):17-20.
[10] 蒋杰,黄道明,管汉明.发展三峡水库渔业的思考[J].水利水电快报,2004,25(16):28-30.
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