农用地土壤抗生素组成特征与积累规律
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摘要
选取我国北部典型农副产品生产基地,利用HPLC-MS/MS测定土样中四环素类(tetracycline antibiotics,TCs)、大环内脂类(macrolide antibiotics,MLs)以及磺胺类(sulfonamide antibiotics,SAs)共10种抗生素的残留含量,研究不同种类抗生素的组成及空间分布,并对其分布特征与距养殖场、公路、河流间距离的关系,以及不同种植模式、不同土壤性质对抗生素组成与积累规律的影响进行初步探讨.结果表明,研究区土壤抗生素含量值处于较低水平,但检出率较高,总量的检出率高达100%.研究区土壤抗生素的主要成分为TCs,约占总量的94%,不同抗生素的变异系数较大.区内土壤抗生素的空间分布及积累规律受人类活动强度的影响,其中抗生素含量与距养殖场距离呈显著负相关(P <0. 05);距河流50 m内的样点3类抗生素的检出率均达100%;不同种植模式下抗生素含量的积累规律为:果园>菜地>菜果混种地,且桃园及露天菜地中抗生素的来源、含量与核桃园、大棚菜地及菜果混种地块有明显区别.研究选用土壤pH、有机质(SOM),阳离子交换量(CEC)、总氮(TN)、有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)表征土壤性质,通过冗余分析显示,土壤pH、SOM、CEC、AP、AK这5种土壤特性对抗生素含量的影响较大,其中AK的影响强度最大,TN的影响则相对较弱.研究认为区内土壤抗生素的组成与积累程度受人类活动及土壤性质的共同作用.
Exploring the composition and accumulation of antibiotics in agricultural land soil for soil for quality management of agricultural land and control of antibiotic pollution is of great significance. A total of 95 soil samples were collected from farmland soil in a typical agricultural and sideline production base of northern China. In this study,the concentrations of 10 antibiotics,including tetracycline antibiotics( TCs),macrolide antibiotics( MLs),and sulfonamide antibiotics( SAs),were determined in soil samples from different land use types using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition,the composition and spatial distribution of the antibiotics were compared.The relationships between the concentration distributions and the distance from livestock farms,highways,and rivers were analyzed.Moreover,the composition and accumulation of antibiotics in the soil with different planting patterns and soil properties were preliminarily discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of antibiotics in the soil were low-level,while the detection rate was high; in particular,the detection rate of the total amount of antibiotics was as high as 100%. In the study area,TCs were the dominant antibiotic types,accounting for 94% of the total. The coefficient variation( CV) was high,which reflected a significant difference in the spatial variation of these antibiotics. The spatial distribution and accumulation of antibiotics in the soil in this area were affected by the intensity of human activity. The detection rate and concentrations of the various antibiotics decreased with increasing distance between the soil sample and livestock farms,highways,and rivers. Among these,there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of antibiotics and the distance between livestock farms and the soil samples( P < 0. 05). The detection rate of three types of antibiotics in soil samples from within 50 meters of a river reached 100%. The total concentration of the 10 antibiotics was the highest in orchards,followed by vegetable plots,and mixed fruit and vegetable areas. Furthermore,the sources and concentrations of antibiotics in a peach orchard and open-air vegetable field were significantly different from those in a walnut orchard,greenhouse vegetable field,and mixed field. Moreover,the soil pH,soil organic matter( SOM),cation exchange capacity( CEC),total nitrogen( TN),available phosphorus( AP),and available potassium( AK) were selected to characterize soil properties. Redundancy analysis showed that soil properties such as pH,SOM,CEC,AP,AK have a greater impact on the distribution of antibiotics. The distribution of antibiotics was most closely related to AK,and the effect of TN was relatively weak. The results of this study suggested that the composition and accumulation of soil antibiotics in the area were affected by human activities and soil properties.
Exploring the composition and accumulation of antibiotics in agricultural land soil for soil for quality management of agricultural land and control of antibiotic pollution is of great significance. A total of 95 soil samples were collected from farmland soil in a typical agricultural and sideline production base of northern China. In this study,the concentrations of 10 antibiotics,including tetracycline antibiotics( TCs),macrolide antibiotics( MLs),and sulfonamide antibiotics( SAs),were determined in soil samples from different land use types using HPLC-MS/MS. In addition,the composition and spatial distribution of the antibiotics were compared.The relationships between the concentration distributions and the distance from livestock farms,highways,and rivers were analyzed.Moreover,the composition and accumulation of antibiotics in the soil with different planting patterns and soil properties were preliminarily discussed. The results showed that the concentrations of antibiotics in the soil were low-level,while the detection rate was high; in particular,the detection rate of the total amount of antibiotics was as high as 100%. In the study area,TCs were the dominant antibiotic types,accounting for 94% of the total. The coefficient variation( CV) was high,which reflected a significant difference in the spatial variation of these antibiotics. The spatial distribution and accumulation of antibiotics in the soil in this area were affected by the intensity of human activity. The detection rate and concentrations of the various antibiotics decreased with increasing distance between the soil sample and livestock farms,highways,and rivers. Among these,there was a significant negative correlation between the concentration of antibiotics and the distance between livestock farms and the soil samples( P < 0. 05). The detection rate of three types of antibiotics in soil samples from within 50 meters of a river reached 100%. The total concentration of the 10 antibiotics was the highest in orchards,followed by vegetable plots,and mixed fruit and vegetable areas. Furthermore,the sources and concentrations of antibiotics in a peach orchard and open-air vegetable field were significantly different from those in a walnut orchard,greenhouse vegetable field,and mixed field. Moreover,the soil pH,soil organic matter( SOM),cation exchange capacity( CEC),total nitrogen( TN),available phosphorus( AP),and available potassium( AK) were selected to characterize soil properties. Redundancy analysis showed that soil properties such as pH,SOM,CEC,AP,AK have a greater impact on the distribution of antibiotics. The distribution of antibiotics was most closely related to AK,and the effect of TN was relatively weak. The results of this study suggested that the composition and accumulation of soil antibiotics in the area were affected by human activities and soil properties.
引文
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[9]佟娟,魏源送.污水处理厂削减耐药菌与抗性基因的研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(11):2650-2659.Tong J,Wei Y S. State-of-the-art removal of antibiotic resistance bacteria(ARB)and antibiotic resistance gene(ARG)in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(11):2650-2659.
[10]周启星,罗义,王美娥.抗生素的环境残留、生态毒性及抗性基因污染[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(3):243-251.Zhou Q X,Luo Y,Wang M E. Environmental residues and ecotoxicity of antibiotics and their resistance gene pollution:a review[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2007,2(3):243-251.
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[12]赵方凯,杨磊,乔敏,等.土壤中抗生素的环境行为及分布特征研究进展[J].土壤,2017,49(3):428-436.Zhao F K,Yang L,Qiao M,et al. Environmental behavior and distribution of antibiotics in soils:a review[J]. Soils,2017,49(3):428-436.
[13] Carvalho I T,Santos L. Antibiotics in the aquatic environments:a review of the European scenario[J]. Environment International,2016,94:736-757.
[14]朱秀辉,曾巧云,解启来,等.广州市北郊蔬菜基地土壤四环素类抗生素的残留及风险评估[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(11):2257-2266.Zhu X H,Zeng Q Y,Xie Q L, et al. Residues and risk assessment of tetracycline antibiotics in vegetable-growing soils from suburban areas of northern Guangzhou[J]. Journal of AgroEnvironment Science,2017,36(11):2257-2266.
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[16]张涛,郭晓,刘俊杰,等.江西梅江流域土壤中四环素类抗生素的含量及空间分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(4):1493-1501.Zhang T,Guo X,Liu J J,et al. Concentration and spatial distribution of tetracycline antibiotics in soil of Meijiang river catchment,Jiangxi Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(4):1493-1501.
[17] Avisar D,Primor O,Gozlan I,et al. Sorption of sulfonamides and tetracyclines to montmorillonite clay[J]. Water,Air,&Soil Pollution,2010,209(1-4):439-450.
[18] Wang Y J,Jia D A,Sun R J,et al. Adsorption and cosorption of tetracycline and copper(Ⅱ)on montmorillonite as affected by solution pH[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(9):3254-3259.
[19]郭欣妍,王娜,许静,等.兽药抗生素的环境暴露水平及其环境归趋研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2014,37(9):76-86.Guo X Y, Wang N, Xu J, et al. Research progress on environmental exposure levels and environmental fate of veterinary antibiotics[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2014,37(9):76-86.
[20]王慧珠,罗义,徐文青,等.四环素和金霉素对水生生物的生态毒性效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(4):1536-1539.Wang H Z, Luo Y, Xu W Q, et al. Ecotoxic effects of tetracycline and chlortetracycline on aquatic organisms[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(4):1536-1539.
[21]高立红,史亚利,厉文辉,等.抗生素环境行为及其环境效应研究进展[J].环境化学,2013,32(9):1619-1633.Gao L H,Shi Y L,Li W H,et al. Environmental behavior and impacts of antibiotics[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2013,32(9):1619-1633.
[22] Mc Glinchey T A,Rafter P A,Regan F,et al. A review of analytical methods for the determination of aminoglycoside and macrolide residues in food matrices[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2008,624(1):1-15.
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