2015年春节成都市郊大气PM_1污染特征分析
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摘要
为研究西南郊区春节期间气象条件和燃放烟花爆竹对大气PM_1的影响,本文于2015年2月1日至28日期间,对大气PM_1进行了膜样品采集,并分析了化学成分.结果表明,采样期间大气PM_1质量浓度的平均值为76.67μg·m~(-3),大气PM_1中无机元素平均占比为19.9%.2月1日至17日期间,大气PM_1中无机元素平均占比为12%,2月18日至28日期间,大气PM_1中无机元素平均占比为28%,说明烟花爆竹的燃放大幅度增加了大气PM_1中的无机元素.2月9日至14日期间的重污染现象表明,高空500 hPa受弱高压脊控制,高空形势稳定,850 hPa的较高温度(8℃)对逆温层的形成和维持有重要作用,且四川盆地无明显变压,均不利于污染物扩散.后向轨迹分析表明,PM_1浓度累积与来自东南和东北低空气团有关.
To investigate the influence of firecrackers and the winter meteorological conditions on PM_1, samples of atmospheric PM_1 in suburban Chengdu were collected during February 1~(st) to 28~(th), 2015 and their chemical components were analyzed. Results showed that during the whole sampling period, the average mass concentration of the atmospheric PM_1 was 76.67 μg·m~(-3), 19.9% of which was inorganic elements. It was noted that the inorganic elements accounted for 12% in the period of February 1~(st) —17~(th), and 28% in the period of February 18~(th) —28~(th), indicating that the firecrackers contributed to the inorganic elements in the atmospheric PM_1. The heavy pollution process in the period of February 9~(th) —14~(th) showed that 500 hPa at high altitude was controlled by the weak high pressure ridges, and the situation at high altitude was stable. The heavy pollution process also showed that the high temperature(8 ℃) at 850 hPa played an important role in the formation and maintenance of inversion layer, and there was no significant pressure change in the Sichuan Basin, which was not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. Analysis of the backward trajectory revealed that the accumulation of PM_1 at suburban Chengdu city was associated with low air masses from the southeast and northeast.
To investigate the influence of firecrackers and the winter meteorological conditions on PM_1, samples of atmospheric PM_1 in suburban Chengdu were collected during February 1~(st) to 28~(th), 2015 and their chemical components were analyzed. Results showed that during the whole sampling period, the average mass concentration of the atmospheric PM_1 was 76.67 μg·m~(-3), 19.9% of which was inorganic elements. It was noted that the inorganic elements accounted for 12% in the period of February 1~(st) —17~(th), and 28% in the period of February 18~(th) —28~(th), indicating that the firecrackers contributed to the inorganic elements in the atmospheric PM_1. The heavy pollution process in the period of February 9~(th) —14~(th) showed that 500 hPa at high altitude was controlled by the weak high pressure ridges, and the situation at high altitude was stable. The heavy pollution process also showed that the high temperature(8 ℃) at 850 hPa played an important role in the formation and maintenance of inversion layer, and there was no significant pressure change in the Sichuan Basin, which was not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. Analysis of the backward trajectory revealed that the accumulation of PM_1 at suburban Chengdu city was associated with low air masses from the southeast and northeast.
引文
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[13] 沈利娟,李莉,吕升,等.嘉兴市春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对大气污染物分布特征的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1548-1557.SHEN L J,LI L,LU S,et al.Impacts of fireworks on the atmospheric pollutant distributions during Spring Festival in Jiaxing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1548-1557(in Chinese).
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[16] 王红磊,朱彬,沈利娟,等.春节期间南京市大气气溶胶粒径分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):442-450.WANG H L,ZHU B,SHEN LJ,et al.Size Distributions of Aerosol During the Spring Festival in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):442-450(in Chinese).
[17] 王茜.利用轨迹模式研究上海大气污染的输送来源[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(4):357-363.WANG Q.Study of air pollution transportation source in Shanghai using trajectory model[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(4):357-363(in Chinese).
[18] 林瑜,叶芝祥,杨怀金,等.成都市中心城区大气PM1的污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3220-3226.LIN Y,YE Z X,YANG H J,et al.Pollution level and source apportionment of atmospheric particles PM1 in downtown area of Chengdu[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3220-3226(in Chinese).
[19] 杜蔚.青藏高原背景站细颗粒物理化特性及粒子增长机制研究[D].成都:成都信息工程大学,2015.DU W.Study on physical and chemical characteristics and particle growth mechanism of fine particulate in the background station of qinghai-tibet plateau[D].Chengdu,Chengdu University of Information Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[20] 颜玉倩,朱克云,张杰,等.成都地区春季一次持续性灰霾天气过程特征及预测[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(1):33-39.YAN Y Q,ZHU K Y,ZHANG J,et al.Characteristics of a haze weather event and prediction during spring in Chengdu[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2016,32(1):33-39(in Chinese).
[21] 廖婷婷,王珊,王莉莉,等.2013年成都财富论坛期间空气质量状况分析研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):271-278..LIAO T T,WANG S,WANG L L,et al.2016.Analysis of air quality in urban Chengdu during Fortune Global Forum in 2013[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(1):271-278(in Chinese).
[2] 陶燕,刘亚梦,米生权,等.大气细颗粒物的污染特征及对人体健康的影响[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(3):592-597.TAO Y,LIU Y,MI S Q,et al.Atmospheric pollution characteristics of fine particles and their effects on human health[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(3):592-597(in Chinese).
[3] ROGULA-KOZ?OWSKA W,KLEJNOWSKI K,ROGULA-KOPIEC P,et al.Spatial and seasonal variability of the mass concentration and chemical composition of PM2.5 in Poland[J].Air Quality,Atmosphere & Health,2014,7(1):41-58.
[4] MARC P,WILLIAM M,BRET S,et al.Revised algorithm for estimating light extinction from IMPROVE particle speciation data[J].Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995),2007,57(11):1326-1336.
[5] 李英红,饶志国,谭吉华,等.兰州大气细颗粒物中多环芳烃污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2428-2435.LI Y H,RAO Z G,TAN J H,et al.Pollutional characteristics and sources analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric fine particulate matter in Lanzhou City[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(7):2428-2435(in Chinese).
[6] 王超,张霖琳,刀谞,等.京津冀地区城市空气颗粒物中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(1):1-6.WANG C,ZHANG L L,DAO X,et al.Pollution characteristics and source identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particulates of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,China[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(1):1-6(in Chinese).
[7] 陈刚,周潇雨,吴建会,等.成都市冬季PM2.5中多环芳烃的源解析与毒性源解析[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):3150-3156.CHEN G,ZHOU X Y,WU J H,et al.Source apportionment and toxicity quantitation of PM2.5-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from Chengdu,China[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):3150-3156(in Chinese).
[8] 张恒德,吕梦瑶,张碧辉,等.2014年2月下旬京津冀持续重污染过程的静稳天气及传输条件分析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(12):4340-4351.ZHANG H D,LU M Y,ZHANG B H,et al.Analysis of the stagnant meteorological situation and the transmission condition of continuous heavy[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(12):4340-4351(in Chinese).
[9] 王占山,张大伟,李云婷,等.2014年春节期间北京市空气质量分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(2):371-378.WANG Z S,ZHANG D W,LI Y T,et al,Analysis of air quality in Beijing City during Spring Festival period of 2014[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(2):371-378(in Chinese).
[10] 王广华,林俊,姚剑,等.上海市郊春节期间大气颗粒物及其组分的粒径分布[J].环境化学,2011,30(5):913-919.WANG G H,LIN J,YAO J,et al.Size distribution of number concentration and chemical components of particulate matters during spring festival in shanghai suburb[J].Environmental Chemistry,2011,30(5):913-919(in Chinese).
[11] 赵伟,范绍佳,谢文彰,等.烟花燃放对珠三角地区春节期间空气质量的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4358-4365.ZHAO W,FAN S J,XIE W Z,et al.Influence of burning fireworks on air quality during the Spring Festival in the Pearl River Delta[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4358-4365(in Chinese).
[12] 杨志文,吴琳,元洁,等.2015年春节期间天津烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):69-75.YANG Z W,WU L,YUAN J,et al.Effect of fireworks on the air quality during the Spring Festival of 2015 in Tianjin City[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):69-75(in Chinese).
[13] 沈利娟,李莉,吕升,等.嘉兴市春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对大气污染物分布特征的影响[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(5):1548-1557.SHEN L J,LI L,LU S,et al.Impacts of fireworks on the atmospheric pollutant distributions during Spring Festival in Jiaxing[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(5):1548-1557(in Chinese).
[14] 耿红,宣莹莹,蔡夏童,等.太原市2014年春节期间常规大气污染物浓度变化及聚类分析[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(4):965-974.Geng H,Xuan Y Y,Cai X T,et al.2015.Mass concentration variation and cluster analysis of urban air pollutants in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province during Chinese New Year of 2014 [J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(4):965-974(in Chinese).
[15] 康苏花,高康宁,赵鑫,等.石家庄市春节期间大气颗粒物有机碳和元素碳的变化特征[J].中国环境监测,2014,30(6):77-82.KANG S H,GAO K N,ZHAO X,et al.Atmospheric particles of organic carbon and elemental carbon variation during the Spring Festival in Shijiazhuang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2014,30(6):77-82(in Chinese).
[16] 王红磊,朱彬,沈利娟,等.春节期间南京市大气气溶胶粒径分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(2):442-450.WANG H L,ZHU B,SHEN LJ,et al.Size Distributions of Aerosol During the Spring Festival in Nanjing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(2):442-450(in Chinese).
[17] 王茜.利用轨迹模式研究上海大气污染的输送来源[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(4):357-363.WANG Q.Study of air pollution transportation source in Shanghai using trajectory model[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(4):357-363(in Chinese).
[18] 林瑜,叶芝祥,杨怀金,等.成都市中心城区大气PM1的污染特征及来源解析[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(9):3220-3226.LIN Y,YE Z X,YANG H J,et al.Pollution level and source apportionment of atmospheric particles PM1 in downtown area of Chengdu[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(9):3220-3226(in Chinese).
[19] 杜蔚.青藏高原背景站细颗粒物理化特性及粒子增长机制研究[D].成都:成都信息工程大学,2015.DU W.Study on physical and chemical characteristics and particle growth mechanism of fine particulate in the background station of qinghai-tibet plateau[D].Chengdu,Chengdu University of Information Technology,2015(in Chinese).
[20] 颜玉倩,朱克云,张杰,等.成都地区春季一次持续性灰霾天气过程特征及预测[J].气象与环境学报,2016,32(1):33-39.YAN Y Q,ZHU K Y,ZHANG J,et al.Characteristics of a haze weather event and prediction during spring in Chengdu[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2016,32(1):33-39(in Chinese).
[21] 廖婷婷,王珊,王莉莉,等.2013年成都财富论坛期间空气质量状况分析研究[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):271-278..LIAO T T,WANG S,WANG L L,et al.2016.Analysis of air quality in urban Chengdu during Fortune Global Forum in 2013[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(1):271-278(in Chinese).
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