水稻叶镉与米镉含量的相关性及叶面肥对镉的阻控研究
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摘要
为了探究水稻叶中镉含量与糙米中镉含量的关系,以及施加不同叶面肥对水稻产量及稻米中镉含量的影响,在湖南省株洲县某镉污染区随机采集水稻样品进行分析,并在该地选择镉污染稻田开展4种不同叶面肥(Ca肥、Si肥、N肥和Fe肥)的阻控水稻富集镉的试验。结果表明:随机采集的水稻植株中镉含量的分布是根>茎>籽粒,叶中镉含量的分布是第一叶>第二叶>第三叶>第四叶及其他叶,水稻叶中镉含量与糙米中镉含量呈显著正相关,其中第一叶中镉含量与糙米中镉含量之间的相关性达到0.857 8。与对照相比,施加不同叶面肥后,水稻明显增产8.14%～27.27%,其中施加叶面Fe肥水稻增产效果最明显。在4种叶面肥的不同浓度处理下,降低糙米中镉含量效果顺序是低浓度>中浓度>高浓度,当叶面肥低浓度处理时,Si肥阻控稻米富集镉效果最佳,达到57.14%;其次是Ca肥和Fe肥,分别达38.78%和32.66%;N肥的降镉率为16.33%。
In order to study the relationship between Cd contents in rice leaves and Cd contents in brown rice as well as the effect of different foliar fertilizers on rice yield and Cd contents in brown rice. In this study, rice samples were randomly collected from Cdcontaminated area in Zhuzhou County, Hunan Province. Four different foliar fertilizers(Ca fertilizer, Si fertilizer, N fertilizer and Fe fertilizer) were employed to control Cd accumulation in rice. The results showed that the order of Cd contents in rice was following by root > stem > grain, and the distribution of Cd contents in different leaves followed the order of the first leaf > the second leaf > the third leaf > the fourth leaf and other leaves. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Cd contents in rice leaves and Cd concentrations in brown rice. In particular, Cd contents in the first leaf prior to other leaves can promote Cd contents in brown rice in terms of correlation of 0.8578. Compared with the control, the yield of rice increased by 8.14%-27.27% after applying different foliar fertilizers,and the effect of applying foliar Fe fertilizer was the most obvious. The order of effect of reducing cadmium content in brown rice was low concentration > medium concentration > high concentration under four different concentrations of foliar fertilizer. When foliar fertilizer was low concentration, the effect of Si fertilizer on controlling cadmium concentration in rice was the best, reaching 57.14%. Ca fertilizer and low concentration Fe fertilizer were in next place, which reached 38.78% and 32.66% respectively. The cadmium reduction rate of N fertilizer was 16.33%.
In order to study the relationship between Cd contents in rice leaves and Cd contents in brown rice as well as the effect of different foliar fertilizers on rice yield and Cd contents in brown rice. In this study, rice samples were randomly collected from Cdcontaminated area in Zhuzhou County, Hunan Province. Four different foliar fertilizers(Ca fertilizer, Si fertilizer, N fertilizer and Fe fertilizer) were employed to control Cd accumulation in rice. The results showed that the order of Cd contents in rice was following by root > stem > grain, and the distribution of Cd contents in different leaves followed the order of the first leaf > the second leaf > the third leaf > the fourth leaf and other leaves. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between Cd contents in rice leaves and Cd concentrations in brown rice. In particular, Cd contents in the first leaf prior to other leaves can promote Cd contents in brown rice in terms of correlation of 0.8578. Compared with the control, the yield of rice increased by 8.14%-27.27% after applying different foliar fertilizers,and the effect of applying foliar Fe fertilizer was the most obvious. The order of effect of reducing cadmium content in brown rice was low concentration > medium concentration > high concentration under four different concentrations of foliar fertilizer. When foliar fertilizer was low concentration, the effect of Si fertilizer on controlling cadmium concentration in rice was the best, reaching 57.14%. Ca fertilizer and low concentration Fe fertilizer were in next place, which reached 38.78% and 32.66% respectively. The cadmium reduction rate of N fertilizer was 16.33%.
引文
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[21]左东峰.盐渍土冬小麦叶面喷施硼、锌、铁肥优化配比及增产效应研究[J].北京农业大学学报,1992(3):293-297.
[22]邓接楼,王艾平,何长水,等.硅肥对水稻生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(12):58-61.
[23]陆若辉.氨基酸肥对水稻的增产效果研究[J].中国稻米,2005,11(2):35-35.
[24]Nwugo,Chika C.Physiological and molecular studies on siliconinduced cadmium tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Dissertations&Theses-Gradworks,2008,7(19):3934-3939.
[25]史新慧,王贺,张福锁.硅提高水稻抗镉毒害机制的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1112-1116.
[2]潘杨.土壤镉污染与稻米镉富集关联性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2015.
[3]王旭军,徐庆国,杨知建.水稻叶片衰老生理的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(3):187-190,210.
[4]Li H,Luo N,Li Y W,et al.Cadmium in rice:Transport mechanisms,influencing factors,and minimizing measures[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,224:622-630.
[5]龙思斯,杨益新,宋正国,等.三种类型阻控剂对不同品种水稻富集镉的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,2016,33(5):459-465.
[6]章明奎,倪中应,沈倩.农作物重金属污染的生理阻控研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(1):96-101.
[7]陈喆,铁柏清,雷鸣,等.施硅方式对稻米镉阻隔潜力研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2762-2770.
[8]邵国胜,陈铭学,王丹英,等.稻米镉积累的铁肥调控[J].中国科学(C辑:生命科学),2008,38(2):180-187.
[9]李子双,王薇,张世文,等.氮磷与硅钙肥配施对辣椒产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):458-466.
[10]张佳蕾,郭峰,孟静静,等.酸性土施用钙肥对花生产量和品质及相关代谢酶活性的影响[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(11):1101-1109.
[11]Zheng W W,Chen F,Zhai H,et al.Interactive effects of organic fertilizer,Ca SO4 and amino acid Ca on Fuji apple in Burozem soil in China[J].Frontiers of Agriculture in China,2007,1(4):460-467.
[12]Sarwar N,Saifullah,Malhi S S,et al.Role of mineral nutrition in minimizing cadmium accumulation by plants[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2010,90(6):925-937.
[13]袁祖华,丁茁荑,邓国强.叶面喷施氨基酸肥料对辣椒经济性状及产量的影响[J].辣椒杂志,2006(4):32-33.
[14]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[15]张平,耿勤,许超,等.含镉水灌溉对盆栽土壤镉及其在水稻中累积分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(7):92-96.
[16]陆若辉.氨基酸肥对水稻的增产效果研究[J].中国稻米,2005,11(2):35.
[17]段俊,梁承邺,黄毓文.杂交水稻开花结实期间叶片衰老[J].植物生理学报,1997,23(2):139-144.
[18]文汉,聂凡.干旱对水稻抽穗后旗叶衰老和产量构成因子的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(2):135-137.
[19]Clemens S,Palmgren M G,Kr?mer U.A long way ahead:understanding and engineering plant metal accumulation[J].Trends in Plant Science,2002,7(7):309-315.
[20]彭鸥,铁柏清,叶长城,等.稻米镉关键积累时期研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2017,34(3):272-279.
[21]左东峰.盐渍土冬小麦叶面喷施硼、锌、铁肥优化配比及增产效应研究[J].北京农业大学学报,1992(3):293-297.
[22]邓接楼,王艾平,何长水,等.硅肥对水稻生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(12):58-61.
[23]陆若辉.氨基酸肥对水稻的增产效果研究[J].中国稻米,2005,11(2):35-35.
[24]Nwugo,Chika C.Physiological and molecular studies on siliconinduced cadmium tolerance in rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Dissertations&Theses-Gradworks,2008,7(19):3934-3939.
[25]史新慧,王贺,张福锁.硅提高水稻抗镉毒害机制的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2006,25(5):1112-1116.
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