甘南高寒草甸蝗虫和毛虫的分布与植被群落的关系
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摘要
为探明甘南州夏河县高寒草甸草原蝗虫(Chorthippus sp.)和草原毛虫(Gynaephorasp.)的分布与其地形和植被因子的关系,本研究于2010年至2014年连续5年,定点选择30个样区,每年从5月至9月在各样地进行无放回取样调查密度,测量了植被的多度、盖度和地上生物量,并分析它们之间的相关性。结果表明:蝗虫选择分布在平地和半阳坡、坡中位的坡地,而毛虫只选择平地;植被盖度和地上生物量是影响草地蝗虫和毛虫分布的关键因子,与其种群密度呈显著的负相关关系;地上生物量较高的平地是蝗虫和毛虫共同分布的主要区域;洽草(Koeleria glauca)、花苜蓿(Melissilus ruthenicus)和芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)3种植物多度与蝗虫分布显著相关,与毛虫分布不相关。可见,高寒草甸草原蝗虫和草原毛虫的分布与地形和植被因子显著相关,其栖息地利用特征有显著的偏好性。
Chorthippus sp.and Gynaephora sp.are two dominate pests in the eastern alpine meadow of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.This study is aimed to reveal the relationship between the abundance of the locust and caterpillar,the grassland plant characteristics and topographic factors and to verify their microhabitats characteristics.The density of locust and caterpillar was investigated by non-replaced samples every five days from May to September during 2010 to 2014 in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan,eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.The abundance,coverage and aboveground biomass(dry weight)of vegetation factors and topographic factors were measured,and their correlationship was analyzed.The results showed that there are significant correlations between the abundance of these two species and vegetation,as well as topographic factors.Locusts preferred flat and sunny middle slope,while caterpillar preferred flat only.The vegetation coverage was an important factor predicting the presence of locust.Areas with high biomass in flat area were more likely to be occupied by both species.The population dynamics of locusts is significantly related with plant coverage and biomass.The abundance of three plant species Koeleria glauca,Melissilus ruthenicus,Achnatherum splendens significantly affected habitat selection by locusts.The alpine grassland topographic factors and plant characteristics influences the locust and caterpillar both habitat use and habitat preferences.
Chorthippus sp.and Gynaephora sp.are two dominate pests in the eastern alpine meadow of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.This study is aimed to reveal the relationship between the abundance of the locust and caterpillar,the grassland plant characteristics and topographic factors and to verify their microhabitats characteristics.The density of locust and caterpillar was investigated by non-replaced samples every five days from May to September during 2010 to 2014 in alpine meadow of Xiahe,Gannan,eastern Qinghai Tibetan Plateau.The abundance,coverage and aboveground biomass(dry weight)of vegetation factors and topographic factors were measured,and their correlationship was analyzed.The results showed that there are significant correlations between the abundance of these two species and vegetation,as well as topographic factors.Locusts preferred flat and sunny middle slope,while caterpillar preferred flat only.The vegetation coverage was an important factor predicting the presence of locust.Areas with high biomass in flat area were more likely to be occupied by both species.The population dynamics of locusts is significantly related with plant coverage and biomass.The abundance of three plant species Koeleria glauca,Melissilus ruthenicus,Achnatherum splendens significantly affected habitat selection by locusts.The alpine grassland topographic factors and plant characteristics influences the locust and caterpillar both habitat use and habitat preferences.
引文
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[6]鄢燕，周伟，刘淑珍．草地灾害对草地畜牧业发展的影响分析———以西藏那曲地区为例[J]．灾害学，2006,21(2):26-29
[7]马崇勇，杜桂林，张卓然，等．内蒙古草原蝗虫区划及其绿色防控配套技术研究[J]．草地学报，2018,26(4):804-810
[8]刘文清，河生德，尼玛．不同条件下草原毛虫引起放牧家畜口膜炎的危害性调查[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2011(184):58-62
[9]陈珂璐，余欣超，姚步青，等．不同放牧强度下门源草原毛虫在高寒草甸上的空间分布[J]．草地学报，2016,24(1):191-197
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[13]周华坤，王晓辉，温军，等．果洛州玛沁县草原毛虫虫害发生与气候因子的相互关系[J]．草业科学，2012,29(1):128-134
[14]刘长仲，王刚．高山草原狭翅雏蝗的生物学特性及种群空间分布[J]．应用生态学报，2003,14(10):1729-1731
[15]杨延彪．草地蝗虫成灾规律与可持续控制对策[J]．草业与畜牧，2006(8):33-35
[16]冯光翰，王国胜，鲁建中，等．草原蝗虫防治指标的研究[J]．植物保护学报，1995,22(1):33-37
[17]刘继亮，赵文智，李锋瑞，等．微地形变化对沙质荒漠拟步甲科昆虫分布的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2017,34(6):1388-1394
[18]Vandyke KA,Latchininsky AV,Schell SP.Importance of ecological scale in Montane grasshopper(Orthoptera:Acrididae)species structure in similar habitat between differing soil textures and dominant vegetative canopy coverage[J].Journal of Orthoptera Research,2009,18(2):215-223
[19]Branson DH,Vermeire LT.Grasshopper responses to fire and postfire grazing in the Northern Great Plains Vary among species[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2016,69(2):144-149
[20]ChistéMN,Mody K,Gossner MM,et al.Losers,winners,and opportunists:How grassland land-use intensity affects orthopteran communities[J].Ecosphere,2016,7(11):e01545
[21]孙儒泳．动物生态学原理[M]．（第三版）．北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001:247-272
[22]李丽丽，赵成章，殷翠琴，等．黑河上游天然草地蝗虫物种丰富度与地形关系的GAM分析[J]．昆虫学报，2011,54(11):1312-1318
[23]陈永林．中国主要蝗虫及蝗灾的生态学治理[M]．北京：科学出版社．2007:139-196
[24]甘肃省草原总站．甘肃草地蝗虫[M]．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社．1997:1-11
[25]李巧，陈又清，陈彦林，等．紫胶林-农田复合生态系统蝗虫群落多样性[J]．应用生态学报，2009,20(3):729-735
[26]胡靖，韩天虎，代健聪，等．祁连山中段高山草原蝗虫与植物群落关系研究[J]．西北农林科技大学学报，2014,42(2):113-122
[27]赵成章，周伟，王科明，等．黑河上游蝗虫与植被关系的CCA分析[J]．生态学报，2011,31(12):3384-3390
[28]Borges P A V,Brown V K.Phytophagous insects and webbuilding spiders in relation to pasture vegetation complexity[J].Ecography,2010,24(1):68-82
[2]沈海花，朱言坤，赵霞，等．中国草地资源的现状分析[J]．科学通报，2016,61(2):139-154
[3] Kang L,Han X,Zhang Z,et al.Grassland ecosystems in China:review of current knowledge and research advancement[J].Philosophical transactions-Royal Society.Biological sciences,2007,362(1482):997-1008
[4]苏军虎，刘荣堂，纪维红，等．我国草地鼠害防治与研究的发展阶段及特征[J]．草业科学，2013,30(7):1116-1123
[5]杨晓玫，姚拓，王理德，等．天祝不同退化程度草地植物群落结构与物种多样性研究[J]．草地学报，2018,26(6):1290-1297
[6]鄢燕，周伟，刘淑珍．草地灾害对草地畜牧业发展的影响分析———以西藏那曲地区为例[J]．灾害学，2006,21(2):26-29
[7]马崇勇，杜桂林，张卓然，等．内蒙古草原蝗虫区划及其绿色防控配套技术研究[J]．草地学报，2018,26(4):804-810
[8]刘文清，河生德，尼玛．不同条件下草原毛虫引起放牧家畜口膜炎的危害性调查[J]．黑龙江畜牧兽医，2011(184):58-62
[9]陈珂璐，余欣超，姚步青，等．不同放牧强度下门源草原毛虫在高寒草甸上的空间分布[J]．草地学报，2016,24(1):191-197
[10]Belovsky GE,Slade JB.Grasshoppers affect grassland ecosystem functioning:Spatial and temporal variation[J].Basic and Applied Ecology,2018(26):24-34
[11]Lacey LA,Shapiro-Ilan DI.Microbial control of insect pests in temperate orchard systems:potential for incorporation into IPM[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2008,53(1):121-144
[12]Agrawal AA,Hastings AP,Johnson MTJ,et al.Insect herbivores drive real-time ecological and evolutionary change in plant populations[J].Science,2012,338(6103):113-116
[13]周华坤，王晓辉，温军，等．果洛州玛沁县草原毛虫虫害发生与气候因子的相互关系[J]．草业科学，2012,29(1):128-134
[14]刘长仲，王刚．高山草原狭翅雏蝗的生物学特性及种群空间分布[J]．应用生态学报，2003,14(10):1729-1731
[15]杨延彪．草地蝗虫成灾规律与可持续控制对策[J]．草业与畜牧，2006(8):33-35
[16]冯光翰，王国胜，鲁建中，等．草原蝗虫防治指标的研究[J]．植物保护学报，1995,22(1):33-37
[17]刘继亮，赵文智，李锋瑞，等．微地形变化对沙质荒漠拟步甲科昆虫分布的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2017,34(6):1388-1394
[18]Vandyke KA,Latchininsky AV,Schell SP.Importance of ecological scale in Montane grasshopper(Orthoptera:Acrididae)species structure in similar habitat between differing soil textures and dominant vegetative canopy coverage[J].Journal of Orthoptera Research,2009,18(2):215-223
[19]Branson DH,Vermeire LT.Grasshopper responses to fire and postfire grazing in the Northern Great Plains Vary among species[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2016,69(2):144-149
[20]ChistéMN,Mody K,Gossner MM,et al.Losers,winners,and opportunists:How grassland land-use intensity affects orthopteran communities[J].Ecosphere,2016,7(11):e01545
[21]孙儒泳．动物生态学原理[M]．（第三版）．北京：北京师范大学出版社，2001:247-272
[22]李丽丽，赵成章，殷翠琴，等．黑河上游天然草地蝗虫物种丰富度与地形关系的GAM分析[J]．昆虫学报，2011,54(11):1312-1318
[23]陈永林．中国主要蝗虫及蝗灾的生态学治理[M]．北京：科学出版社．2007:139-196
[24]甘肃省草原总站．甘肃草地蝗虫[M]．兰州：甘肃科学技术出版社．1997:1-11
[25]李巧，陈又清，陈彦林，等．紫胶林-农田复合生态系统蝗虫群落多样性[J]．应用生态学报，2009,20(3):729-735
[26]胡靖，韩天虎，代健聪，等．祁连山中段高山草原蝗虫与植物群落关系研究[J]．西北农林科技大学学报，2014,42(2):113-122
[27]赵成章，周伟，王科明，等．黑河上游蝗虫与植被关系的CCA分析[J]．生态学报，2011,31(12):3384-3390
[28]Borges P A V,Brown V K.Phytophagous insects and webbuilding spiders in relation to pasture vegetation complexity[J].Ecography,2010,24(1):68-82
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