温度突变下人体热响应随时间的变化特性及评价
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摘要
通过人工气候室模拟偏热环境下中性-热-中性温度突变,对20名受试者开展了不同突变温差和突变方向下的人体热响应实验。结果显示:突变温差越大,人体的平均皮肤温度增量越大,达到稳定所需时间越长;引入修正的Knothe时间函数,量化了突变环境下平均皮肤温度随突变温差、方向及暴露时间的调节特点;结合皮肤温度预测模型,建立了包含平均皮肤温度及其变化率的人体热感觉预测模型,简化了动态环境下人体热感觉预测模型应用。
To explore the effect of temperature changes on human thermal response, conducts a neutral-warm/hot-neutral temperature change experiment with 20 volunteers in a well-controlled climate room. The results show that the mean skin temperatures of volunteers and the stable time increase with increasing temperature differences. Presents a time-based function to quantify the relationship between mean skin temperature and temperature differences, directions and time. Combined with mean skin temperature prediction model, obtains a thermal sensation prediction model with stable and dynamic items and simplifies the application of human thermal sensation prediction in dynamic environment.
To explore the effect of temperature changes on human thermal response, conducts a neutral-warm/hot-neutral temperature change experiment with 20 volunteers in a well-controlled climate room. The results show that the mean skin temperatures of volunteers and the stable time increase with increasing temperature differences. Presents a time-based function to quantify the relationship between mean skin temperature and temperature differences, directions and time. Combined with mean skin temperature prediction model, obtains a thermal sensation prediction model with stable and dynamic items and simplifies the application of human thermal sensation prediction in dynamic environment.
引文
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[26] LUO M,CAO B,ZHOU X,et al.Can personal control influence human thermal comfort?A field study in residential buildings in China in winter[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,72:411- 418
[27] LUO M,CAO B,DAMIENS J,et al.Evaluating thermal comfort in mixed-mode buildings:a field study in a subtropical climate[J].Building and Environment,2015,88:46- 54
[28] 姚泰.生理学[M].8版.上海:复旦大学出版社,2005:315- 321
[29] CABANAC M.Physiological role of pleasure[J].Science,1971,173:1103- 1107
[30] DE DEAR R.Revisiting an old hypothesis of human thermal perception:alliesthesia[J].Building Research and Information,2011,39(2):108- 117
[2] DE DEAR R,RING J W,FANGER P O.Thermal sensations resulting from sudden ambient temperature changes[J].Indoor Air,1993,3(3):181- 192
[3] NAGANO K,TAKAKI A,HIRAKAWA M,et al.Effects of ambient temperature steps on thermal comfort requirements[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2005,50:33- 39
[4] CHEN C P,HWANG R L,CHANG S Y,et al.Effect of temperature steps on human skin physiology and thermal sensation response[J].Building and Environment,2011,46(11):2387- 2397
[5] ZHANG Y F,ZHANG J,CHEN H M,et al.Effects of step changes of temperature and humidity on human responses of people in hot-humid area of China[J].Building and Environment,2014,80:174- 183
[6] GAGGE A P.An effective temperature scale based on a simple model of human physiological regulatory response[G]//ASHRAE Trans,1971,77(1):21- 36
[7] FIALA D,LOMAS K J,STOHRER M.Computer prediction of human thermoregulatory and temperature responses to a wide range of environmental conditions[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2001,45(3):143- 159
[8] LOMAS K,FIALA D,STOHRER M.First principles modeling of thermal sensation responses in steady-state and transient conditions[G]//ASHRAE Trans,2003,109(1):179- 186
[9] ZHANG H.Human thermal sensation and comfort in transient and non-uniform thermal environments[D].Berkeley:University of California Berkeley,2003:225- 343
[10] ZHANG H,ARENS E,HUIZENGA C,et al.Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments,part I:local sensation of individual body parts[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(2):380- 388
[11] ZHANG H,ARENS E,HUIZENGA C,et al.Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments,part II:local comfort of individual body parts[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(2):389- 398
[12] ZHANG H,ARENS E,HUIZENGA C,et al.Thermal sensation and comfort models for non-uniform and transient environments,part III:whole-body sensation and comfort[J].Building and Environment,2010,45(2):399- 410
[13] 张宇峰,张军,陈慧梅,等.温湿度突变对人体热反应的影响[J].暖通空调,2014,44(7):93- 100
[14] 杨宇.室内均匀热环境中的人体热反应(偏热条件)[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015:157- 184
[15] TAKADA S,MATSUMOTO S,MATSUSHITA T.Prediction of whole-body thermal sensation in the non-steady state based on skin temperature[J].Building and Environment,2013,68:123- 133
[16] 于连广,端木琳.温度突变环境下人体平均皮肤温度变化及热感觉预测[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2006(1):8- 12
[17] JI W J,CAO B,GENG Y,et al.Study on human skin temperature and thermal evaluation in step change conditions:from non-neutrality to neutrality[J].Energy and Buildings,2017,156:29- 39
[18] XIONG J,LIAN Z,ZHANG H.Effects of exposure to winter temperature step-changes on human subjective perceptions[J].Building and Environment,2016,107:226- 234
[19] ARENS E,ZHANG H.The skin’s role in human thermos-physiology and comfort[M]//PAN N,GIBSON P.Thermal and moisture transport in fibrous materials.London:Woodhouse Publishing,2006:565- 571
[20] Lü Y G,LIU J.Effect of transient temperature on thermos-receptor response and thermal sensation[J].Building and Environment,2007,42(2):656- 664
[21] FAUL F,ERDFELDER E,LANG A C,et al.G*Power 3:a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social,behavioral,and biomedical sciences[J].Behavior Research Methods,2007,39(2):175- 191
[22] ASHRAE.Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy:ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2013[S].Atlanta:ASHRAE Inc,2013:8- 10
[23] GAGGE A P,NISHI Y.Heat exchange between human skin surface and thermal environment[M]//LEE D H K.Handbook of physiology.Bethesda:American Physiological Society,1977:69- 92
[24] DU X Y,LI B Z,LIU H,et al.The response of human thermal sensation and its prediction to temperature step-change (cool-neutral-cool)[EB/OL].[ 2018- 02- 20].https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0104320
[25] LIU H,LIAO J K,YANG D,et al.The response of human thermal perception and skin temperature to step-change transient thermal environments[J].Building and Environment,2014,73:232- 238
[26] LUO M,CAO B,ZHOU X,et al.Can personal control influence human thermal comfort?A field study in residential buildings in China in winter[J].Energy and Buildings,2014,72:411- 418
[27] LUO M,CAO B,DAMIENS J,et al.Evaluating thermal comfort in mixed-mode buildings:a field study in a subtropical climate[J].Building and Environment,2015,88:46- 54
[28] 姚泰.生理学[M].8版.上海:复旦大学出版社,2005:315- 321
[29] CABANAC M.Physiological role of pleasure[J].Science,1971,173:1103- 1107
[30] DE DEAR R.Revisiting an old hypothesis of human thermal perception:alliesthesia[J].Building Research and Information,2011,39(2):108- 117
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