塔城盆地北区承压地下水化学特征及其形成机制
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摘要
基于2015年8月在研究区采集的81个地下水化学和同位素数据,分析了塔城盆地北区承压水化学类型分布特征,并结合研究区水文地质条件,采用背景比拟法、Gibbs图、氘盈余模型、离子比值法、氯碱指数及钠吸附比等水化学分析方法,分析了地下水化学形成作用及其演化机制。结果表明:承压含水层普遍赋存水质较好的淡水,水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca型(Ca·Mg型、Ca·Na型)水为主。随地下水径流方向,承压水TDS及水化学类型呈较好的水平分带规律,即从承压水的上游区,沿区域地下水流向,地下水TDS逐渐升高,水化学类型由HCO_3-Ca型水,演化为SO_4·HCO_3~-Ca·Na型和SO_4~-Ca·Na型水。承压水化学特征,主要受水岩作用控制,蒸发作用对其影响有限,而且基本未受人类活动影响。整体上,在上游区,承压水化学组成主要受碳酸盐矿物和正向阳离子交替吸附作用的影响,而在中、下游区主要受石膏溶解影响。在个别径流路径上,正向阳离子交替吸附作用对地下水化学组成的影响超过矿物溶滤作用。
Based on 81 samplings in August 2015,the characteristics in distribution of total dissolved solids(TDS)and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater in the north Tacheng Basin are identified,and the evolution mechanisms explored from the perspective of evaporation,leaching and ion exchange by applying the hydrochemical analysis methods such as analogue method,Gibbs plot,excess deuterium model,ion ratios,chloro alkaline index and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR).The results show that the confined groundwater with TDS less than 1.0 g/L and HCO_3~-Ca type water(or HCO_3~-Ca·Mg type water,HCO_3~-Ca·Na type water)are widely distributed in the study area.The TDS and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater present horizontal zonation in the direction of groundwater runoff.From recharge area to discharge area of the confined groundwater,the TDS gradually increases,and the hydrochemical type successively transfers from HCO_3~-Ca type water to SO_4~-HCO_3~-Ca·Na type water and SO_4~-Ca·Na type water.Hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater mainly depends upon leaching and ion exchange.In upstream areas,hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater is mainly affected by dissolution of carbonate mineral and positive cation exchange,while in the midstream and downstream areas,mainly affected by gypsum dissolution.In individual runoff paths,effect of the positive cation exchange on the hdyrochemical composition of groundwater is more significant than that of leaching.
Based on 81 samplings in August 2015,the characteristics in distribution of total dissolved solids(TDS)and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater in the north Tacheng Basin are identified,and the evolution mechanisms explored from the perspective of evaporation,leaching and ion exchange by applying the hydrochemical analysis methods such as analogue method,Gibbs plot,excess deuterium model,ion ratios,chloro alkaline index and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR).The results show that the confined groundwater with TDS less than 1.0 g/L and HCO_3~-Ca type water(or HCO_3~-Ca·Mg type water,HCO_3~-Ca·Na type water)are widely distributed in the study area.The TDS and hydrochemical types of confined groundwater present horizontal zonation in the direction of groundwater runoff.From recharge area to discharge area of the confined groundwater,the TDS gradually increases,and the hydrochemical type successively transfers from HCO_3~-Ca type water to SO_4~-HCO_3~-Ca·Na type water and SO_4~-Ca·Na type water.Hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater mainly depends upon leaching and ion exchange.In upstream areas,hydrochemical composition of the confined groundwater is mainly affected by dissolution of carbonate mineral and positive cation exchange,while in the midstream and downstream areas,mainly affected by gypsum dissolution.In individual runoff paths,effect of the positive cation exchange on the hdyrochemical composition of groundwater is more significant than that of leaching.
引文
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[10] FU C C,LI X Q,MA J F,et al.A hydrochemistry and multi-isotopic study of groundwater origin and hydrochemical evolution in the middle reaches of the Kuye River basin[J].Applied Geochemistry,2018(98):82-93.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.030.
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[13] YANG Q,XIAO H L,ZHAO L J,et al.Hydrological and isotopic characterization of river water,groundwater,and groundwater recharge in the Heihe River Basin,northwestern China[J].Hydrological Processes,2011,25(8):1271-1283.DOI:10.1002/hyp.7896.
[14]郝爱兵，李文鹏，梁志强．利用TDS和δ18 O确定蒸发和溶滤作用对内陆干旱区地下水咸化贡献的一种方法[J]．水文地质工程地质，2000,27(1):4-6.(HAO A B,LI W P,LIANG Z Q.Using TDS andδ18 O to determine contribution of evaporation and dissolution to the salinization of inland arid area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2000,27(1):4-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2000.01.002.
[15]陈宗宇，苏晨，郑昭贤，等．我国重点跨界含水层水文地质调查报告：塔城盆地[R]．石家庄：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，2016:105-127.(CHEN Z Y,SU C,ZHENG Z X,et al.Report of hydrogeological survey on key transboundary aquifer in China:Tacheng Basin[R].Shijiazhuang:Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2016:105-127.(in Chinese))
[16] HUANG T M,PANG Z H.The role of deuterium excess in determining the water salinization mechanism:a case study of the arid Tarim River Basin,NW China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2012,27(12):2382-2388.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.015.
[17]王雨山，郭媛．干旱区地下水咸化机制的区域氘盈余解析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2015,42(6):29-35.(WANG Y S,GUO Y.A study of groundwater salinization mechanism in arid areas using regional deuterium excess[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(6):29-35.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2015.06.05.
[18] ZHENG Z X,ZHANG H D,CHEN Z Y,et al.Hydrogeochemical and isotopic indicators of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids in shallow groundwater and stream Water,derived from Dameigou shale gas extraction in the northern Qaidam Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51:5889-5898.DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b04269.
[19]沈照理．水文地球化学基础[M]．北京：地质出版社，1990:71-74.(SHEN Z L.Hydrogeochemistry Basis[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1990:71-74.(in Chinese))
[20] LIU J,CHEN Z Y,WANG L J,et al.Chemical and isotopic constrains on the origin of brine and saline groundwater in Hetao plain,Inner Mongolia[J].Environmetal Science pollution Research,2016,23:15003-15014.DOI:10.1007/s11356-016-6617-1.
[21] SCHOELLER H.Qualitative Evaluation of Ground Water Resources[M].In:Schoeller,H.,Ed.,Methods and Techniques of Groundwater Investigation and Development,Water Resource Series No.33,UNESCO,Paris,1967:44-52.
[22]王晓曦，王文科，王周锋，等．滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J]．水文地质工程地质，2014,41(1):25-33,73.(WANG X X,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of river water and groundwater along the downstream Luanhe River,northestern China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):25-33,73.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2014.01.005.
[2]崔小顺，郑昭贤，程中双，等．穆兴平原北区浅层地下水水化学分布特征及其形成机理[J]．南水北调与水利科技，2018,16(4):146-153.(CUI X S,ZHENG Z X,CHENG Z S,et al.Hydrochemical distribution characteristic and formation mechanism of shallow groundwater in the north of Muling-Xingkai Plain[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(4):146-153.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0108.
[3]芦叶林，王德厚，张连仲，等．新疆塔城盆地综合地质、水文地质测量报告书[R]．乌鲁木齐：新疆地质局水文地质大队，1965:87-101.(LU Y L,WANG D H,ZHANG L Z,et al.Comprehensive geological and hydrogeological survey report of Tacheng Basin in Xinjiang[R].Wulumuqi:The hydrogeological team of Xinjiang geological survey,1979:87-101.(in Chinese))
[4]李庆年，陈瑞祥．新疆塔城盆地L-44-11L-44-12L-44-17L-44-18L-45-7L-45-13 1/20万水文地质图说明书[R]．乌鲁木齐：新疆局第1水文地质工程队，1979:45-50.(LI Q N,CHEN R X.Manual of 1/200000hydrogeological maps(L-44-11L-44-12L-44-17L-44-18 L-45-7 L-45-13)of Tacheng Basin in Xinjiang Province[R].Wulumuqi:The first hydrogeological engineering team of Xinjiang geological survey,1979:45-50.(in Chinese))
[5]张汉国，丁华成，李凡碧．农九师一六二团地下水资源评价与井灌规划报告[R]．额敏：新疆兵团勘察设计院地质勘查大队，1987:13-20.(ZHAN H G,DING H C,LI F B.Groundwater resources evaluation and well irrigation planning report of 162regiment,nine farming division[R].Emin:Geological exploration team of survey and design institute of xinjiang corps,1987:13-20.(in Chinese))
[6]滕彦国，左瑞，王金生，等．区域地下水演化的地球化学研究进展[J]．水科学进展，2010,21(1):127-136.(TENG Y G,ZUO R,WANG J S,et al.Progress in geochemistry of regional groundwater evolution[J].Advances in Water Science,2010,21(1):127-136.(in Chinese))DOI:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2010.01.002.
[7]陈宗宇，苏晨，郑昭贤，等．我国重点跨界含水层水文地质调查报告：塔城盆地[R]．石家庄：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，2016:62-104.(CHEN Z Y,SU C,ZHENG Z X,et al.Report of hydrogeological survey on key transboundary aquifer in China:Tacheng Basin[R].Shijiazhuang:Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2016:62-104.(in Chinese))
[8]陈宗宇，苏晨，郑昭贤，等．我国重点跨界含水层水文地质调查报告：塔城盆地[R]．石家庄：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，2016:128-190.(CHEN Z Y,SU C,ZHENG Z X,et al.Report of hydrogeological survey on key transboundary aquifer in China:Tacheng Basin[R].Shijiazhuang:Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2016:128-190.(in Chinese))
[9]陈宗宇，苏晨，郑昭贤，等．我国重点跨界含水层水文地质调查报告：塔城盆地[R]．石家庄：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，2016:18-37.(CHEN Z Y,SU C,ZHENG Z X,et al.Report of hydrogeological survey on key transboundary aquifer in China:Tacheng Basin[R].Shijiazhuang:Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2016:18-37.(in Chinese))
[10] FU C C,LI X Q,MA J F,et al.A hydrochemistry and multi-isotopic study of groundwater origin and hydrochemical evolution in the middle reaches of the Kuye River basin[J].Applied Geochemistry,2018(98):82-93.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.08.030.
[11] MARANDI A,SHAND P.Groundwater chemistry and the Gibbs Diagram[J].Applied Geochemistry,2018(97):209-212.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.07.009.
[12] WANTY R B,VERPLANCK P L,SANJUAN C A,et al.Geochemistry of surface water in Alpine catchments in central Colorado,USA:resolving host-rock effects at different spatial scales[J].Apllied geochemistry,2009,24(4):600-610.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.12.012.
[13] YANG Q,XIAO H L,ZHAO L J,et al.Hydrological and isotopic characterization of river water,groundwater,and groundwater recharge in the Heihe River Basin,northwestern China[J].Hydrological Processes,2011,25(8):1271-1283.DOI:10.1002/hyp.7896.
[14]郝爱兵，李文鹏，梁志强．利用TDS和δ18 O确定蒸发和溶滤作用对内陆干旱区地下水咸化贡献的一种方法[J]．水文地质工程地质，2000,27(1):4-6.(HAO A B,LI W P,LIANG Z Q.Using TDS andδ18 O to determine contribution of evaporation and dissolution to the salinization of inland arid area[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2000,27(1):4-6.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2000.01.002.
[15]陈宗宇，苏晨，郑昭贤，等．我国重点跨界含水层水文地质调查报告：塔城盆地[R]．石家庄：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所，2016:105-127.(CHEN Z Y,SU C,ZHENG Z X,et al.Report of hydrogeological survey on key transboundary aquifer in China:Tacheng Basin[R].Shijiazhuang:Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Science,2016:105-127.(in Chinese))
[16] HUANG T M,PANG Z H.The role of deuterium excess in determining the water salinization mechanism:a case study of the arid Tarim River Basin,NW China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2012,27(12):2382-2388.DOI:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.015.
[17]王雨山，郭媛．干旱区地下水咸化机制的区域氘盈余解析[J]．水文地质工程地质，2015,42(6):29-35.(WANG Y S,GUO Y.A study of groundwater salinization mechanism in arid areas using regional deuterium excess[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(6):29-35.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2015.06.05.
[18] ZHENG Z X,ZHANG H D,CHEN Z Y,et al.Hydrogeochemical and isotopic indicators of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids in shallow groundwater and stream Water,derived from Dameigou shale gas extraction in the northern Qaidam Basin[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51:5889-5898.DOI:10.1021/acs.est.6b04269.
[19]沈照理．水文地球化学基础[M]．北京：地质出版社，1990:71-74.(SHEN Z L.Hydrogeochemistry Basis[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1990:71-74.(in Chinese))
[20] LIU J,CHEN Z Y,WANG L J,et al.Chemical and isotopic constrains on the origin of brine and saline groundwater in Hetao plain,Inner Mongolia[J].Environmetal Science pollution Research,2016,23:15003-15014.DOI:10.1007/s11356-016-6617-1.
[21] SCHOELLER H.Qualitative Evaluation of Ground Water Resources[M].In:Schoeller,H.,Ed.,Methods and Techniques of Groundwater Investigation and Development,Water Resource Series No.33,UNESCO,Paris,1967:44-52.
[22]王晓曦，王文科，王周锋，等．滦河下游河水及沿岸地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J]．水文地质工程地质，2014,41(1):25-33,73.(WANG X X,WANG W K,WANG Z F,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of river water and groundwater along the downstream Luanhe River,northestern China[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2014,41(1):25-33,73.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2014.01.005.
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