农村分散式燃煤汞排放及周边环境汞污染研究——以贵州省厂头村为例
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摘要
贵州省燃煤中汞含量较高,在贵州省农村分散式燃煤的使用是个普遍现象。为了解煤在分散式燃烧过程中造成的汞排放及其对周边环境的影响,本研究选取江南煤都贵州省具有代表性的高汞含量煤产区,黔西南州兴仁市厂头村为研究区,对农户所用煤和燃烧过程中的炉渣、烟气以及周边农用地表层土壤样品中的汞含量进行了分析,同时监测了当地农户室内和室外空气汞浓度变化。结果表明,研究区农户煤中汞含量为0. 34±0. 18 mg/kg,炉渣中汞含量为0. 13±0. 10 mg/kg,烟气中汞含量为23±16μg/m~3。研究区的土壤中总汞(THg)和甲基汞(MeHg)的含量分别为0. 37±0. 08 mg/kg和0. 64±0. 35μg/kg,THg与MeHg之间呈显著正相关(r=0. 375,P<0. 05)。土壤总汞浓度低于土壤环境质量标准总汞风险筛选值。地累积指数法风险评价结果显示,研究区土壤总汞和甲基汞污染指数分别为0. 18±0. 33和0. 15±0. 79,存在一定的汞污染风险。
The coal from the Guizhou Province has high content of mercury and the decentralized coal combustion is very common in rural areas of Guizhou. Understanding of the mercury emission from the decentralized coal combustion and its impacts on surrounding environments is much needed. This study selected a representative area of producing coal with the high content of mercury in Guizhou as the research area,analyzed mercury contents in coal,slag,flue gas and surface agricultural soil samples of this area,and monitored mercury concentrations in indoor and outdoor airs. The results showed that mercury contents were 0. 34 ± 0. 18 mg/kg,0. 13 ± 0. 10 mg/kg and 23±16 μg/m3 in coals,slags and flue gases,respectively. The contents of total mercury( THg) and methylmercury( MeHg) in soils were 0. 37±0. 08 mg/kg and 0. 64± 0. 35 μg/kg,respectively,and positively correlated with each other( r = 0. 375,P<0. 05). The total mercury concentration in soils was lower than the total mercury risk screening value in the soil environmental quality standard. The evaluation results of total mercury and methylmercury pollutions in soils using the cumulative index method gave ITHg=0. 18±0. 33 and IMeHg= 0. 15±0. 79,indicated a certain risk of mercury pollution in the study area.
The coal from the Guizhou Province has high content of mercury and the decentralized coal combustion is very common in rural areas of Guizhou. Understanding of the mercury emission from the decentralized coal combustion and its impacts on surrounding environments is much needed. This study selected a representative area of producing coal with the high content of mercury in Guizhou as the research area,analyzed mercury contents in coal,slag,flue gas and surface agricultural soil samples of this area,and monitored mercury concentrations in indoor and outdoor airs. The results showed that mercury contents were 0. 34 ± 0. 18 mg/kg,0. 13 ± 0. 10 mg/kg and 23±16 μg/m3 in coals,slags and flue gases,respectively. The contents of total mercury( THg) and methylmercury( MeHg) in soils were 0. 37±0. 08 mg/kg and 0. 64± 0. 35 μg/kg,respectively,and positively correlated with each other( r = 0. 375,P<0. 05). The total mercury concentration in soils was lower than the total mercury risk screening value in the soil environmental quality standard. The evaluation results of total mercury and methylmercury pollutions in soils using the cumulative index method gave ITHg=0. 18±0. 33 and IMeHg= 0. 15±0. 79,indicated a certain risk of mercury pollution in the study area.
引文
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[19] Han Y J,Holsen T M,Lai S. Atmospheric gaseous mercury concentrationsin New York State:Relationships with meteorological data and other pollutants[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(37):6431-6446.
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[21]生态环境部、国家市场监督管理总局，GB 15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2018
[22] Wright D R,Hamilton R D. Release of methyl mercury from sediments:Effects of mercury concentration,low temperature,and nutrient addition[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1982,39(11):1459-1466.
[23]刘玉荣，毕丽，贺纪正．稻田土壤汞甲基化的主要驱动因子[C]．中国土壤学会土壤环境专业委员会第十九次会议暨“农田土壤污染与修复研讨会”第二届山东省土壤污染防控与修复技术研讨会摘要集，2017.
[24]刘汝海，刘诗璇，王杰，等．秋夏季黄河三角洲湿地土壤汞和甲基汞的变化[J]．环境科学学报，2017,37(1):272-279.
[25]沈兴鹏．贵州省土壤污染状况调查报告[R]．贵州省环境保护厅，2009.
[26]仇广乐，冯新斌，王少锋，等．贵州汞矿矿区不同位置土壤中总汞和甲基汞污染特征的研究[J]．环境科学，2006,27(3):550-555.
[2] Dvonch J T,Granry J R,Keeler G J,et al. Use of elemental tracers to source apportion mercury in South Florida Precipitation[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,1999,33(24):4522-4527.
[3]单晓梅，朱书全，李中和，等．煤中有害微量元素对环境的影响及控制[J]．选煤技术，2003(3):3-6.
[4]李仲根，冯新斌，李广辉，等．贵州省民用燃煤的大气汞排放特征[J]．高校地质学报，2013(19):451.
[5]陈影，邵玉芳．汞污染及人体负荷研究进展[J]．环境化学，2012,31(12):1935-1941.
[6]贵州省统计局，贵州省统计年鉴—2016[M]．北京:中国统计出版社，2016.
[7]蒋靖坤，郝吉明，吴烨，等．中国燃煤汞排放清单的初步建立[J]．环境科学，2005,26(2):34-39.
[8]高炜，支国瑞，薛志钢，等．1980—2007年我国燃煤大气汞、铅、砷排放趋势分析[J]．环境科学研究，2013,26(8):822-828.
[9]殷立宝，徐齐胜，禚玉群，等．中国燃煤电厂汞排放规律[J]．中国电机工程学报，2013,33(29):1-9.
[10]赵毅，薛方明，王涵，等．“十二五”期间中国燃煤电厂汞排放量估计[J]．中国电力，2014,47(2):135-139.
[11]李仲根，冯新斌，李广辉，等．贵州省煤炭汞含量的再认识[C]．第七届全国环境化学大会摘要集-S12重金属污染与修复，2013:23-24.
[12]高兰兰，傅成诚，冯新斌，等．贵州东部某燃煤电厂汞排放对周边环境空气及土壤的影响[J]．中国环境监测，2018,29(2):51-58.
[13]王哲，洪秀萍，陈洋．煤中汞、硫分、灰分的相关性研究[J]．煤炭技术，2018,37(2):326-328.
[14]丁华．中国动力煤汞含量特征及应用限值研究[J]．媒质技术，2018(1):1-6.
[15]瞿丽雅．贵州汞污染防治研究[M]．贵阳:贵州人民出版社，2004. 38
[16]刘明，陈来国，陶俊，等．广州市大气气态总汞含量季节和日变化特征[J]．中国环境科学，2012,32(9):1554-1558.
[17] Wang Z W,Chen Z S,Duan N,et al. Gaseous elemental mercury concentration in atmosphere at urban and remote sites in China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(2):176-180.
[18] Feng X B,Tang S,Shang L,et al. Total gaseous mercury in the atmosphere of Guiyang,PR China[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2003,304(1-3):61-72.
[19] Han Y J,Holsen T M,Lai S. Atmospheric gaseous mercury concentrationsin New York State:Relationships with meteorological data and other pollutants[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2004,38(37):6431-6446.
[20]环境保护部、国家质量监督检验检疫总局，GB3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2012
[21]生态环境部、国家市场监督管理总局，GB 15618-2018土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2018
[22] Wright D R,Hamilton R D. Release of methyl mercury from sediments:Effects of mercury concentration,low temperature,and nutrient addition[J]. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1982,39(11):1459-1466.
[23]刘玉荣，毕丽，贺纪正．稻田土壤汞甲基化的主要驱动因子[C]．中国土壤学会土壤环境专业委员会第十九次会议暨“农田土壤污染与修复研讨会”第二届山东省土壤污染防控与修复技术研讨会摘要集，2017.
[24]刘汝海，刘诗璇，王杰，等．秋夏季黄河三角洲湿地土壤汞和甲基汞的变化[J]．环境科学学报，2017,37(1):272-279.
[25]沈兴鹏．贵州省土壤污染状况调查报告[R]．贵州省环境保护厅，2009.
[26]仇广乐，冯新斌，王少锋，等．贵州汞矿矿区不同位置土壤中总汞和甲基汞污染特征的研究[J]．环境科学，2006,27(3):550-555.
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