桂西北光皮桦人工林水源涵养功能

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英文篇名：Water Conservation Function of Betula luminifera Plantation in Northwest Guangxi 作者：滕秋梅 ; 何斌 ; 徐广平 ; 杨俊松 ; 张中峰 ; 张德楠 ; 周龙武 ; 何文 ; 黄科朝 ; 孙英杰 英文作者：TENG Qiumei;HE Bin;XU Guangping;YANG Junsong;ZHANG Zhongfeng;ZHANG Denan;ZHOU Longwu;HE Wen;HUANG Kechao;SUN Yingjie;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences;Forestry College, Guangxi University;Forestry Station of Maling Township at Huaxi Distric; 关键词：光皮桦人工林 ; 持水量 ; 土壤 ; 枯落物 ; 水源涵养 英文关键词：Betula luminifera plantation;;water holding capacity;;soil;;litter;;water conservation 中文刊名：水土保持学报 英文刊名：Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 机构：广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所;广西大学林学院;贵州省贵阳市花溪区马铃乡林业站; 出版日期：2019-10-15 出版单位：水土保持学报 年：2019 期：05 基金：国家自然科学基金项目(31760162);; 广西自然科学基金项目(2018GXNSFAA050069);; 广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室基金项目(17-259-23);; 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA17204087-9,桂科AA18118011-4);; 广西百色高新技术产业开发区引导项目(K-YS-SW-201801);; 广西植物研究所基本业务费项目(桂植业17012,桂植业18007,桂植业18015) 语种：中文; 页：179-186+191 页数：9 CN：61-1362/TV ISSN：1009-2242 分类号：S714.7

摘要

为了研究广西西北部不同林龄光皮桦人工林的水源涵养功能,选择具有代表性的11,16年生光皮桦人工林、16年生杉木林,从林冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层3个层次及综合性的水源涵养能力进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)11,16年生光皮桦人工林林冠层、灌木层、草本层持水量范围分别为12.54～21.06,2.15～3.05,1.27～1.52 t/hm~2,凋落物总储量为4.54～7.42 t/hm~2,最大持水量为12.55～16.00 t/hm~2,16年生均显著大于11年生(P<0.05),凋落物吸水速率与浸水时间存在良好的线性关系(R~2>0.86,P<0.05)。(2)土壤的孔隙状况表现为16年生光皮桦林>11年生光皮桦林,均大于对照的16年生杉木林,0—20 cm显著大于20—40,40—80 cm土层。(3)11年生光皮桦土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量的变化范围分别为28.97%～60.55%,25.35%～47.21%,3.71%～13.34%,16年生的为29.06%～63.45%,25.63%～48.70%,3.34%～14.75%,均随着土层的加深而减少;11,16年生光皮桦林0—80 cm土壤层自然含水量范围分别为27.46～30.16,28.12～30.22 g/cm~3;总蓄水量分别为3 813.4,3 732.2 t/hm~2,均大于16年生杉木林(3 659.2 t/hm~2)。总体上,林龄较大的光皮桦人工林表现出较强的水源涵养功能,且优于同林龄的杉木人工林。研究结果可为该地区光皮桦人工林的经营管理提供科学依据。
        To evaluate the water conservation function of Betula luminifera plantations with different ages in Northwestern Guangxi, the representative 11 and 16-year-old B. luminifera plantations and 16-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata were selected as main research object, and the water conservation capacities in three layers including the forest canopy, litter layer and the soil layer, as well as the comprehensive water conservation capacity were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that:(1) The water holding capacity of the canopy, shrub layer and herb layer of the 11 and 16 year-old B. Luminifera plantations ranged from 12.54 to 21.06 t/hm~2, 2.15 to 3.05 t/hm~2 and 1.27 to 1.52 t/hm~2. The total litter reserve was 4.54 ～ 7.42 t/hm~2, and the maximum water holding capacity was 12.55 ～ 16.00 t/hm~2, which of 16-year-old plantation was significantly higher than that of 11-year-old plantation(P<0.05). There was a good linear relationship between the water absorption rate and water soaking time(R~2>0.86, P<0.05).(2) The pore condition of soil followed the order of 16-year-old B. Luminifera forest > 11-year-old B. Luminifera forest >16-years-old C. lanceolata forest, and the pore condition of soil was significantly higher in 0-20 cm soil layer than that in 20-40 cm and 40-80 cm soil layer.(3) The variation range of maximum water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and non-capillary water holding capacity of the 11-year-old B. Luminifera soil was 28.97% ～ 60.55%, 25.35% ～ 47.21% and 3.71% ～ 13.34%, and the range was 26.06% ～ 63.45%, 25.63% ～ 48.70% and 3.34% ～ 14.75% in 16-years-old B. Luminifera plantation, respectively, and all the values decreased with the increasing of the soil layer. The natural water content ranges of 0-80 cm soil layer in 11 and 16 year-old forest were 27.46 ～ 30.16 g/cm~3 and 28.12 ～ 30.22 g/cm~3, respectively, and total water storage capacities were 3 813.4 t/hm~2 and 3 732.2 t/hm~2, respectively, and all the values were greater than those in 16-year-old C. lanceolata forest(3 659.2 t/hm~2). On the whole, the older B. luminifera plantation had stronger water conservation function, and it was superior to the same age C. lanceolata plantation. The results could provide scientific basis for the management of B. luminifera plantation in this area.

引文

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