半夏对3种常见农作物的化感作用及其生理机制研究
|
摘要
【目的】从化感作用角度筛选适宜与半夏[Pinellia ternata(Thumb.)Breit]进行轮间作的农作物,为建立合理的半夏轮间作体系提供参考依据。【方法】采用水提法制备半夏地上部和地下部提取液,每种提取液设5个浓度梯度[0(CK)、0.025、0.050、0.100和0.200 g/mL],研究半夏不同部位浸提液对3种主要经济作物玉米(Zea mays Linn.sp.)、萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)和白菜(Brassica pekinensis)的化感效应。【结果】低浓度(0.025 g/mL)半夏提取液对3种农作物的生长整体表现为轻微促进作用。高浓度(0.200 g/mL)的半夏提取液对3种农作物均表现出较强的化感抑制作用,主要表现为幼苗生长受到抑制,叶片中的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素合成受阻;光合色素比例调整,整体表现为叶绿素a/b上升和叶绿素/类胡萝卜素比值下降;抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]活性和可溶性蛋白含量降低,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量升高。3种农作物对半夏化感作用的敏感程度由高到低依次为萝卜>白菜>玉米。【结论】半夏的化感物质主要集中于地下部块茎中,其化感作用会影响受体作物的光合作用效率及抗氧化系统稳定性;3种农作物中玉米最适合与半夏进行轮间作。
【Objective】The crops which are suitable for intercropping or rotating with Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit were screened based on allelopathy to provide theoretical basis for establishing efficient model of P. ternata intercropping or rotation system.【Method】Extraction solutions of shoots and roots of P. ternata were obtained through water extraction method. Five concentrations of extraction solution[0(CK),0.025,0.050,0.100,and 0.200 g/mL]were used to study the allelopathic effects of P. ternata extraction solution from different parts on three economic crops(Zea mays Linn. sp.,Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica pekinensis).【Result】Low concentration(0.025 g/mL)water extracts of P. ternata showed a slight stimulative effect on the seedling growth of the three crops. Whereas the high concentration(0.200 g/mL)water extracts of P. ternata showed strong inhibitory effect on seedling growth of the three recipient crops and led to the inhibition of chlorophyll(Chl)and carotenoid(Car)synthesis in crop leaves. What was more,the ratios of Chl a/b increased and the ratios of Chl/Car decreased on the whole. Meanwhile,content of soluble protein(SP)and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increased. The sensitivities of three crops to allelopathy of P. ternata followed the order of R. sativus >B. pekinensis >Z. mays.【Conclusion】Allelochemicals of P. ternata were mainly stored in underground tubers. Allelopathy of P. ternata has influence on photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system stability of recipient crops. Z. mays is the best choice to intercrop or rotate with P. ternata among the three crops.
【Objective】The crops which are suitable for intercropping or rotating with Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit were screened based on allelopathy to provide theoretical basis for establishing efficient model of P. ternata intercropping or rotation system.【Method】Extraction solutions of shoots and roots of P. ternata were obtained through water extraction method. Five concentrations of extraction solution[0(CK),0.025,0.050,0.100,and 0.200 g/mL]were used to study the allelopathic effects of P. ternata extraction solution from different parts on three economic crops(Zea mays Linn. sp.,Raphanus sativus L. and Brassica pekinensis).【Result】Low concentration(0.025 g/mL)water extracts of P. ternata showed a slight stimulative effect on the seedling growth of the three crops. Whereas the high concentration(0.200 g/mL)water extracts of P. ternata showed strong inhibitory effect on seedling growth of the three recipient crops and led to the inhibition of chlorophyll(Chl)and carotenoid(Car)synthesis in crop leaves. What was more,the ratios of Chl a/b increased and the ratios of Chl/Car decreased on the whole. Meanwhile,content of soluble protein(SP)and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)decreased,and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)increased. The sensitivities of three crops to allelopathy of P. ternata followed the order of R. sativus >B. pekinensis >Z. mays.【Conclusion】Allelochemicals of P. ternata were mainly stored in underground tubers. Allelopathy of P. ternata has influence on photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidant system stability of recipient crops. Z. mays is the best choice to intercrop or rotate with P. ternata among the three crops.
引文
安艳，杨丹，李鑫，晋小军.2018.半夏连作障碍效应及生理机制研究[J].西北农业学报，27(7):1017-1022.[An Y,Yang D,Li X,Jin X J.2018.Study on the effect and physiological mechanism of continuous cropping obstruction of Pinellia ternata[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,27(7):1017-1022.]
程巍，仲波，徐良英，杜林方，孙庚.2017.不同年龄瑞香狼毒的根水提液对青藏高原高寒草甸4种常见植物的化感作用[J].生态科学，36(4):1-11.[Cheng W,Zhong B,Xu L Y,Du L F,Sun G.2017.Allelopathic effects of root aqueous extract of different age of Stellera chamaejasme on four common plants in alpine meadow of Tibet Plateau[J].Ecological Science,36(4):1-11.]
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京：高等教育出版社.[Gao J F.2006.Guidance of plant physiology experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
国家药典委员会.2015.中华人民共和国药典（一部）[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社.[Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.2015.Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(volumeⅠ）[M].Beijing:Chinese Medical Science Press.]
杭烨，罗夫来，赵致，唐成林，林洁，李前卫，邓超.2018.半夏间作不同作物对土壤微生物、养分及酶活性的影响研究[J].中药材，41(7):1522-1528.[Hang Y,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Tang C L,Lin J,Li Q W,Deng C.2018.Effect of Pinellia ternata with different intercropping crops on soil microorganism,nutrient and enzyme activity[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,41(7):1522-1528.]
何志贵，应浩，董娟娥，马小奇，梁宗锁.2019.小麦与半夏轮作对减轻半夏连作障碍的效应[J].西北农业学报，28(3):440-445.[He Z G,Ying H,Dong J E,Ma X Q,Liang Z S.2019.Effects of wheat rotation on obstacle alleviation in continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,28(3):440-445.]
胡国彬，董坤，董艳，郑毅，汤利，李欣然，刘一鸣.2016.间作缓解蚕豆连作障碍的根际微生态效应[J].生态学报，36(4):1010-1020.[Hu G B,Dong K,Dong Y,Zheng Y,Tang L,Li X R,Liu Y M.2016.Effects of cultivars and intercropping on the rhizosphere microenvironment for alleviating the impact of continuous cropping of faba bean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,36(4):1010-1020.]
黄建贝，胡庭兴，吴张磊，胡红玲，陈洪，王茜.2014.核桃凋落叶分解对小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学报，34(23):6855-6863.[Huang J B,Hu T X,Wu Z L,Hu HL,Chen H,Wang Q.2014.Effects of decomposing leaf litter of Juglans regia on growth and physiological characteristics of Triticum aestivum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(23):6855-6863.]
李璇，岳红，王升，黄璐琦，马炯，郭兰萍.2013.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志，38(7):973-978.[Li X,Yue H,Wang S,Huang L Q,Ma J,Guo L P.2013.Research of different effects on activity of plant antioxidant enzymes[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,38(7):973-978.]
林仁亨，黄海涛，李焕秀，姜建业，蒋伟，唐懿.2018.银杏外种皮对生菜生长及生理特性的影响[J].土壤，50(4):732-737.[Lin R H,Huang H T,Li H X,Jiang J Y,Jiang W,Tang Y.2018.Effects of Ginkgo biloba exocarp on growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce[J].Soils,50(4):732-737.]
罗夫来，唐成林，王觉，石宜，赵致，王华磊，罗春丽.2017.半夏块茎及其根系分泌物化感作用初步研究[J].中药材，40(3):536-539.[Luo F L,Tang C L,Wang J,Shi Y,Zhao Z,Wang H L,Luo C L.2017.Preliminary study on allelopathy of tubers and root exudates of Pinellia ternata[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,40(3):536-539.]
施特尔马赫·B.1992.酶的测定手册[M].钱嘉渊，译.北京：中国轻工业出版社.[Stermach B.1992.Enzyme determination manual[M].Translated by Qian J Y.Beijing:China Light Industry Press.]
孙小玲，许岳飞，马鲁沂，周禾.2010.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应[J].植物生态学报，34(8):989-999.[Sun X L,Xu Y F,Ma L Y,Zhou H.2010.A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,34(8):989-999.]
唐成林，罗夫来，赵致，杭烨，王华磊，陈松树，刘红昌.2018.半夏植株腐解液对8种作物的化感作用及化感物质成分分析[J].核农学报，32(8):1639-1648.[Tang C L,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Hang Y,Wang H L,Chen S S,Liu H C.2018.The allelopathy of Pinellia ternata decomposed liquid on 8 crops and composition of allelochemicals[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,32(8):1639-1648.]
唐成林，罗夫来，赵致，魏光钰，杭烨，刘洪昌.2017.半夏根系分泌物化感作用研究[J].北方园艺，（15):129-135.[Tang C L,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Wei G Y,Hang Y,Liu HC.2017.Allelopathy of root exudates of Pinellia ternate[J].Northern Horticulture,(15):129-135.]
王宏霞，蔡子平，王国祥，彭云霞.2013.半夏水浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农业科学，（11):1529-1531.[Wang H X,Cai Z P,Wang G X,Peng Y X.2013.Effects of water extract of Pinellia ternata on wheat seed germination and seedling growth[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,(11):1529-1531.]
王宁，袁美丽，李韶霞，陈翔宇，丁向运，张庆斌.2016.苦苣菜及泽漆茎叶水浸提液对3种蔬菜的化感作用[J].南方农业学报，47(3):430-435.[Wang N,Yuan M L,Li S X,Chen X Y,Ding X Y,Zhang Q B.2016.Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Sonchus oleraceus L.and Euphorbia helioscopia L.stems and leaves on three kinds of vegetables[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,47(3):430-435.]
王一峰，王明霞，孟彦斌，孙杰，董振生.2016.半夏不同部位浸提液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应[J].西北农业学报，25(8):1173-1179.[Wang Y F,Wang M X,Meng Y B,Sun J,Dong Z S.2016.Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from different parts of Pinellia ternata on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,25(8):1173-1179.]
熊庆娥.2003.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都：四川科学技术出版社.[Xiong Q E.2003.Experimental course on plant physiology[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press.]
杨珊珊，王茜，胡庭兴，胡红玲，廖玉华，陈玉凤，谭飞，叶茂.2018.3种农作物（玉米、黄瓜、豇豆）对银木凋落叶化感作用的生理响应[J].应用与环境生物学报，24(2):292-298.[Yang S S,Wang Q,Hu T X,Hu H L,Liao Y H,Chen Y F,Tan F,Ye M.2018.Physiological responses to allelopathy of decomposing cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter of three crops(corn,cucumber,and cowpea)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,24(2):292-298.]
张亮，林宁，周幸.2015.半夏块茎提取液对3种十字花科蔬菜的化感效应[J].贵州农业科学，43(4):48-53.[Zhang L,Lin N,Zhou X.2015.Allelopathic effect of Pinellia ternata tuber extracts on Brassicaceous vegetables[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,43(4):48-53.]
张亚琴，陈雨，雷飞益，李思佳，石峰，窦明明，马留辉，陈兴福.2018.药用植物化感自毒作用研究进展[J].中草药，（8):1946-1956.[Zhang Y Q,Chen Y,Lei F Y,Li S J,Shi F,Dou M M,Ma L H,Chen X F.2018.Advances in research on allelopathic autotoxicity effects of medicinal plants[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,(8):1946-1956.]
Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.1982.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,33(33):317-345.
Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.1977.Superoxide dismutases:II.purification and quantitative relationship with watersoluble protein in seedlings[J].Plant Physiology,59(2):315-318.
Weir T L,Park S W,Vivanco J M.2004.Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,7(4):472-479.
Williamson G B,Richardson D.1988.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,14(1):181-187.
程巍，仲波，徐良英，杜林方，孙庚.2017.不同年龄瑞香狼毒的根水提液对青藏高原高寒草甸4种常见植物的化感作用[J].生态科学，36(4):1-11.[Cheng W,Zhong B,Xu L Y,Du L F,Sun G.2017.Allelopathic effects of root aqueous extract of different age of Stellera chamaejasme on four common plants in alpine meadow of Tibet Plateau[J].Ecological Science,36(4):1-11.]
高俊凤.2006.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京：高等教育出版社.[Gao J F.2006.Guidance of plant physiology experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.]
国家药典委员会.2015.中华人民共和国药典（一部）[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社.[Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.2015.Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(volumeⅠ）[M].Beijing:Chinese Medical Science Press.]
杭烨，罗夫来，赵致，唐成林，林洁，李前卫，邓超.2018.半夏间作不同作物对土壤微生物、养分及酶活性的影响研究[J].中药材，41(7):1522-1528.[Hang Y,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Tang C L,Lin J,Li Q W,Deng C.2018.Effect of Pinellia ternata with different intercropping crops on soil microorganism,nutrient and enzyme activity[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,41(7):1522-1528.]
何志贵，应浩，董娟娥，马小奇，梁宗锁.2019.小麦与半夏轮作对减轻半夏连作障碍的效应[J].西北农业学报，28(3):440-445.[He Z G,Ying H,Dong J E,Ma X Q,Liang Z S.2019.Effects of wheat rotation on obstacle alleviation in continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,28(3):440-445.]
胡国彬，董坤，董艳，郑毅，汤利，李欣然，刘一鸣.2016.间作缓解蚕豆连作障碍的根际微生态效应[J].生态学报，36(4):1010-1020.[Hu G B,Dong K,Dong Y,Zheng Y,Tang L,Li X R,Liu Y M.2016.Effects of cultivars and intercropping on the rhizosphere microenvironment for alleviating the impact of continuous cropping of faba bean[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,36(4):1010-1020.]
黄建贝，胡庭兴，吴张磊，胡红玲，陈洪，王茜.2014.核桃凋落叶分解对小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J].生态学报，34(23):6855-6863.[Huang J B,Hu T X,Wu Z L,Hu HL,Chen H,Wang Q.2014.Effects of decomposing leaf litter of Juglans regia on growth and physiological characteristics of Triticum aestivum[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,34(23):6855-6863.]
李璇，岳红，王升，黄璐琦，马炯，郭兰萍.2013.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志，38(7):973-978.[Li X,Yue H,Wang S,Huang L Q,Ma J,Guo L P.2013.Research of different effects on activity of plant antioxidant enzymes[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica,38(7):973-978.]
林仁亨，黄海涛，李焕秀，姜建业，蒋伟，唐懿.2018.银杏外种皮对生菜生长及生理特性的影响[J].土壤，50(4):732-737.[Lin R H,Huang H T,Li H X,Jiang J Y,Jiang W,Tang Y.2018.Effects of Ginkgo biloba exocarp on growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce[J].Soils,50(4):732-737.]
罗夫来，唐成林，王觉，石宜，赵致，王华磊，罗春丽.2017.半夏块茎及其根系分泌物化感作用初步研究[J].中药材，40(3):536-539.[Luo F L,Tang C L,Wang J,Shi Y,Zhao Z,Wang H L,Luo C L.2017.Preliminary study on allelopathy of tubers and root exudates of Pinellia ternata[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,40(3):536-539.]
施特尔马赫·B.1992.酶的测定手册[M].钱嘉渊，译.北京：中国轻工业出版社.[Stermach B.1992.Enzyme determination manual[M].Translated by Qian J Y.Beijing:China Light Industry Press.]
孙小玲，许岳飞，马鲁沂，周禾.2010.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应[J].植物生态学报，34(8):989-999.[Sun X L,Xu Y F,Ma L Y,Zhou H.2010.A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,34(8):989-999.]
唐成林，罗夫来，赵致，杭烨，王华磊，陈松树，刘红昌.2018.半夏植株腐解液对8种作物的化感作用及化感物质成分分析[J].核农学报，32(8):1639-1648.[Tang C L,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Hang Y,Wang H L,Chen S S,Liu H C.2018.The allelopathy of Pinellia ternata decomposed liquid on 8 crops and composition of allelochemicals[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,32(8):1639-1648.]
唐成林，罗夫来，赵致，魏光钰，杭烨，刘洪昌.2017.半夏根系分泌物化感作用研究[J].北方园艺，（15):129-135.[Tang C L,Luo F L,Zhao Z,Wei G Y,Hang Y,Liu HC.2017.Allelopathy of root exudates of Pinellia ternate[J].Northern Horticulture,(15):129-135.]
王宏霞，蔡子平，王国祥，彭云霞.2013.半夏水浸提液对小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].浙江农业科学，（11):1529-1531.[Wang H X,Cai Z P,Wang G X,Peng Y X.2013.Effects of water extract of Pinellia ternata on wheat seed germination and seedling growth[J].Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,(11):1529-1531.]
王宁，袁美丽，李韶霞，陈翔宇，丁向运，张庆斌.2016.苦苣菜及泽漆茎叶水浸提液对3种蔬菜的化感作用[J].南方农业学报，47(3):430-435.[Wang N,Yuan M L,Li S X,Chen X Y,Ding X Y,Zhang Q B.2016.Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Sonchus oleraceus L.and Euphorbia helioscopia L.stems and leaves on three kinds of vegetables[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,47(3):430-435.]
王一峰，王明霞，孟彦斌，孙杰，董振生.2016.半夏不同部位浸提液对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应[J].西北农业学报，25(8):1173-1179.[Wang Y F,Wang M X,Meng Y B,Sun J,Dong Z S.2016.Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from different parts of Pinellia ternata on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,25(8):1173-1179.]
熊庆娥.2003.植物生理学实验教程[M].成都：四川科学技术出版社.[Xiong Q E.2003.Experimental course on plant physiology[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press.]
杨珊珊，王茜，胡庭兴，胡红玲，廖玉华，陈玉凤，谭飞，叶茂.2018.3种农作物（玉米、黄瓜、豇豆）对银木凋落叶化感作用的生理响应[J].应用与环境生物学报，24(2):292-298.[Yang S S,Wang Q,Hu T X,Hu H L,Liao Y H,Chen Y F,Tan F,Ye M.2018.Physiological responses to allelopathy of decomposing cinnamomum septentrionale leaf litter of three crops(corn,cucumber,and cowpea)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,24(2):292-298.]
张亮，林宁，周幸.2015.半夏块茎提取液对3种十字花科蔬菜的化感效应[J].贵州农业科学，43(4):48-53.[Zhang L,Lin N,Zhou X.2015.Allelopathic effect of Pinellia ternata tuber extracts on Brassicaceous vegetables[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,43(4):48-53.]
张亚琴，陈雨，雷飞益，李思佳，石峰，窦明明，马留辉，陈兴福.2018.药用植物化感自毒作用研究进展[J].中草药，（8):1946-1956.[Zhang Y Q,Chen Y,Lei F Y,Li S J,Shi F,Dou M M,Ma L H,Chen X F.2018.Advances in research on allelopathic autotoxicity effects of medicinal plants[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,(8):1946-1956.]
Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.1982.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,33(33):317-345.
Giannopolitis C N,Ries S K.1977.Superoxide dismutases:II.purification and quantitative relationship with watersoluble protein in seedlings[J].Plant Physiology,59(2):315-318.
Weir T L,Park S W,Vivanco J M.2004.Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,7(4):472-479.
Williamson G B,Richardson D.1988.Bioassays for allelopathy:Measuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,14(1):181-187.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |