新疆天山东段南北坡土壤侵蚀调查
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摘要
[目的]开展新疆维吾尔自治区天山南北坡土壤侵蚀调查,研究该区土壤侵蚀特征和影响因子,以期为该区域水土流失防治提供科学依据。[方法]在新疆天山东段南北坡选取了14个调查单元,于2019年6月25—30日,对调查单元内的土壤侵蚀类型与特征、土地利用类型和植被生长状况等进行了调查。[结果]天山南北坡土壤侵蚀主要发生在草地和开发建设项目区。草地整体退化严重,放牧导致鳞片状侵蚀和羊道侵蚀广泛存在,局部区域发生剥蚀、掏蚀和重力侵蚀。开发建设项目防护措施较少,侵蚀表现形式以堆积体沟蚀为主。[结论]过度放牧导致研究区草地生态系统恢复缓慢,开发建设项目对原生态系统的破坏,引起了严重的人为加速侵蚀,严重威胁天山区域的生态安全。在该区域迫切需要开展土壤侵蚀基础数据的监测与研究,加大水土保持工作力度,建立合理的放牧制度,加速生态系统恢复速度,减少水土流失,保障天山地区生态安全和健康发展。
[Objective] Soil erosion characteristics and impact factors in north and south slopes of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region were investigated and studied in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion. [Methods] In the north and south solpes of the Eastern Tianshan Mountain, 14 survey units were selected to investigate the types and characteristics of soil erosion, land use types and vegetation growth status from June 25 to 30, 2019. [Results] Soil erosion mainly occurred in grassland and construction land. Grassland degradation was serious and grazing led to scaly erosion and animal erosion. And, some areas were exposed to denudation, sapping and sheep path erosion. There were less land protection measures in construction, and gully erosion was the primary form. [Conclusion] Over grazing had led to slowing recovery of grassland ecosystems, and construction had destroyed the original ecosystem, causing serious artificial acceleration of erosion and seriously threatening the ecological security of the Tianshan region. It was urgent to carry out soil erosion monitoring and research on the basic data, strengthen the work of soil and water conservation, establish a reasonable grazing system, speed up the restoration of the ecosystem, reduce soil and water loss, and ensure the ecological safety and healthy development of Tianshan Mountains.
[Objective] Soil erosion characteristics and impact factors in north and south slopes of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Wei Autonomous Region were investigated and studied in order to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion. [Methods] In the north and south solpes of the Eastern Tianshan Mountain, 14 survey units were selected to investigate the types and characteristics of soil erosion, land use types and vegetation growth status from June 25 to 30, 2019. [Results] Soil erosion mainly occurred in grassland and construction land. Grassland degradation was serious and grazing led to scaly erosion and animal erosion. And, some areas were exposed to denudation, sapping and sheep path erosion. There were less land protection measures in construction, and gully erosion was the primary form. [Conclusion] Over grazing had led to slowing recovery of grassland ecosystems, and construction had destroyed the original ecosystem, causing serious artificial acceleration of erosion and seriously threatening the ecological security of the Tianshan region. It was urgent to carry out soil erosion monitoring and research on the basic data, strengthen the work of soil and water conservation, establish a reasonable grazing system, speed up the restoration of the ecosystem, reduce soil and water loss, and ensure the ecological safety and healthy development of Tianshan Mountains.
引文
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[12] 王圣杰,张明军,李忠勤,等.近50年来中国天山冰川面积变化对气候的响应[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):38-46.
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[14] 刘彬,布买丽娅木·吐如汗,艾比拜姆·克热木,等.新疆天山南坡中段种子植物区系垂直分布格局分析[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):191-202.
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[17] 张君霞.青海云杉及伴生树种枝叶浸提物对其种子萌发的化感作用研究[J].甘肃林业科技,2016,41(3):9-12.
[18] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[19] 仲嘉亮,郭朝霞.新疆土壤可蚀性K值空间插值及其分布特征研究[J].新疆环境保护,2014,36(3):1-4,10.
[20] 李新华,高宁.新疆草原利用与保护现状及对策建议[J].干旱环境监测,2012,26(1):46-49.
[21] 木哈买提·尼牙孜.新疆天然草地的水土流失与基本防治对策[C]//新疆水利厅,中国水土保持学会.首届干旱半干旱区域水土保持生态保护论坛论文选编.2013.
[22] 木哈买提·尼牙孜.新疆天然草地的水土流失与基本防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2007(1):24-26.
[23] 侯向阳,尹燕亭,丁勇.中国草原适应性管理研究现状与展望[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):262-269.
[24] 阿曼古力·马吾提,罗军.新疆草地退化原因及治理对策探究[J].新疆畜牧业,2019,34(1):37-39.
[25] 李宏薇,许尔琪,张红旗.伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀综合分区[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(4):116-124.
[26] 雷彩云,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.基于遥感和GIS的新疆艾比湖区域土壤侵蚀强度评价[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(10):2074-2078.
[27] 李大龙,杨井,李卫红,等.基于GIS和USLE的伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):942-951.
[28] 张少博,李建贵,黄俊华,等.坡度对伊犁河流域土壤侵蚀的试验分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(1):110-114,123.
[29] 李小华,曹月娥,杨建军.人工模拟降雨条件下伊犁河流域黄土区土壤侵蚀试验分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):36-40.
[2] 张加琼,马波,税军峰,等.泰国北部山区土壤侵蚀调查报告[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(1):1-8,333.
[3] Fang Xiuqi,Su Yun,Wei Zhudeng et al.On the paleo-climatic/environmental impacts and socio-cultural system resilience Aalong the historical silk road[M]//Yang L E,Bork H R,Fang Xiuqi,et al.Socio-Environmental Dynamics along the Historical Silk Road.Switzerland:Springer Nature Press,2019:231-239.
[4] 秦新喜.天山北坡经济带土地利用变化及其驱动力分析[D].新疆乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018.
[5] 秦埼瑞,李雪梅,陈庆伟,等.基于FLUS模型的天山山区未来土地利用变化预估[J/OL].干旱区研究:1-12[2019-08-16].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/65.1095.X.20190711.1717.011.html.
[6] 徐丽萍,郭鹏,刘琳,等.天山北麓土地利用与土地退化的时空特征探析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):316-321.
[7] 卢刚.基于CSLE模型的天山北坡西白杨沟流域土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(2):124-130,2.
[8] 徐春,段倩,刘霞,等.天山北坡阜康市土壤侵蚀区域分异特征及防治重点[J].干旱区资源与环境,2019,33(6):105-112.
[9] 中华人民共和国水利部.第一次全国水利普查水土保持情况公报[J].中国水土保持,2013(10):2-3,11.
[10] 赵培培,张明军,王圣杰,等.1960—2012年中国天山山区极端气温的变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(6):190-197.
[11] 刘栎杉,延军平,李双双.太阳活动和大气涛动对天山南北气温波动的综合影响[J].资源科学,2014,36(3):502-511.
[12] 王圣杰,张明军,李忠勤,等.近50年来中国天山冰川面积变化对气候的响应[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):38-46.
[13] 程新宇杰,高路.基于综合自然区划的天山区域气温变化研究[J].山地学报,2018,36(2):194-205.
[14] 刘彬,布买丽娅木·吐如汗,艾比拜姆·克热木,等.新疆天山南坡中段种子植物区系垂直分布格局分析[J].植物科学学报,2018,36(2):191-202.
[15] 穆学理.环境适应性背景下天山南坡传统绿洲聚落形态研究[D].新疆乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2018.
[16] 田雅丽,常顺利,张毓涛,等.天山雪岭云杉森林化感物质对种子萌发的影响[J].中国农学通报,2019,35(2):35-41.
[17] 张君霞.青海云杉及伴生树种枝叶浸提物对其种子萌发的化感作用研究[J].甘肃林业科技,2016,41(3):9-12.
[18] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40.
[19] 仲嘉亮,郭朝霞.新疆土壤可蚀性K值空间插值及其分布特征研究[J].新疆环境保护,2014,36(3):1-4,10.
[20] 李新华,高宁.新疆草原利用与保护现状及对策建议[J].干旱环境监测,2012,26(1):46-49.
[21] 木哈买提·尼牙孜.新疆天然草地的水土流失与基本防治对策[C]//新疆水利厅,中国水土保持学会.首届干旱半干旱区域水土保持生态保护论坛论文选编.2013.
[22] 木哈买提·尼牙孜.新疆天然草地的水土流失与基本防治对策[J].中国水土保持,2007(1):24-26.
[23] 侯向阳,尹燕亭,丁勇.中国草原适应性管理研究现状与展望[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):262-269.
[24] 阿曼古力·马吾提,罗军.新疆草地退化原因及治理对策探究[J].新疆畜牧业,2019,34(1):37-39.
[25] 李宏薇,许尔琪,张红旗.伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀综合分区[J].中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(4):116-124.
[26] 雷彩云,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.基于遥感和GIS的新疆艾比湖区域土壤侵蚀强度评价[J].新疆农业科学,2010,47(10):2074-2078.
[27] 李大龙,杨井,李卫红,等.基于GIS和USLE的伊犁河谷土壤侵蚀敏感性评价[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(4):942-951.
[28] 张少博,李建贵,黄俊华,等.坡度对伊犁河流域土壤侵蚀的试验分析[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(1):110-114,123.
[29] 李小华,曹月娥,杨建军.人工模拟降雨条件下伊犁河流域黄土区土壤侵蚀试验分析[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(1):36-40.
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