喀斯特槽谷区土壤CO_2浓度的短时变化及影响因素研究
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摘要
龙潭喀斯特槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡裸岩出露率、植被覆盖率存在较大差异,为探究龙潭槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡土壤CO_2浓度的短时变化及其影响因素,于2017年6月～2018年5月用固态CO_2传感器法在槽谷两侧顺、逆倾坡土面上开展高分辨率土壤CO_2浓度动态监测,并同时对监测点进行土壤温度、土壤湿度连续自动化监测。结果表明:(1)强降雨事件中,除强降雨初期(1h内),土壤CO_2浓度出现短暂降低外,降雨事件整体上促进了土壤CO_2浓度的上升;(2)昼夜尺度上,白天土壤CO_2浓度大于夜晚,土壤CO_2浓度对气温的响应速度较土温快;一年四季中,土壤CO_2浓度波动幅度大小次序为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;(3)在短时天气变化下,裸岩出露率越高、植被覆盖率越低,土壤CO_2浓度与土温的相关性越强且在强降雨下的变化幅度越大。
It had been reported that the rock exposure ratio and the vegetation coverage rate in the sloping and reversed slopes on both sides of the Longtan karst trough valley were different remarkably. This study conducted the dynamic high-resolution monitoring of CO_2 concentration in soils on both sides of the Longtan karst trough valley, and monitored temperature and moisture of soils simultaneously using solid CO_2 sensors during the period of from June 2017 to May 2018. The results showed that:(1) During heavy rainfalls, the overall soil CO_2 concentration was promoted by rainfall events, except a short decrease in the early stage of rainfalls(within 1 hour).(2) The concentration of CO_2 in soil was higher in the day than in the night, the concentration of CO_2 in soil was more sensitive to the air temperature than the soil temperature did, and the daily fluctuation of CO_2 concentration in soil followed an order of summer> autumn> spring> winter.(3) In terms of short-term weather conditions, the rock exposure and vegetation coverage rate have important influences on CO_2 concentration of soil, the higher is the rock exposure rate, the higher is the fluctuation of CO_2 concentrations in soil under heavy rainfalls, and the higher is the correlation of the CO_2 concentrations in soil and the soil temperature.
It had been reported that the rock exposure ratio and the vegetation coverage rate in the sloping and reversed slopes on both sides of the Longtan karst trough valley were different remarkably. This study conducted the dynamic high-resolution monitoring of CO_2 concentration in soils on both sides of the Longtan karst trough valley, and monitored temperature and moisture of soils simultaneously using solid CO_2 sensors during the period of from June 2017 to May 2018. The results showed that:(1) During heavy rainfalls, the overall soil CO_2 concentration was promoted by rainfall events, except a short decrease in the early stage of rainfalls(within 1 hour).(2) The concentration of CO_2 in soil was higher in the day than in the night, the concentration of CO_2 in soil was more sensitive to the air temperature than the soil temperature did, and the daily fluctuation of CO_2 concentration in soil followed an order of summer> autumn> spring> winter.(3) In terms of short-term weather conditions, the rock exposure and vegetation coverage rate have important influences on CO_2 concentration of soil, the higher is the rock exposure rate, the higher is the fluctuation of CO_2 concentrations in soil under heavy rainfalls, and the higher is the correlation of the CO_2 concentrations in soil and the soil temperature.
引文
[1] Schlesinger W H, Andrews J A. Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle [J]. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 48(1):7-20.
[2] Sheng H, Yang Y, Yang Z, et al. The dynamic response of soil respiration to land-use changes in subtropical China [J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(3):1107–1121.
[3] Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate [J]. Tellus Series B-chemical & Physical Meteorology, 1992, 44(2):81-99.
[4] Bondlamberty B, Thomson A. Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record [J]. Nature, 2010, 464(7288):579-582.
[5] 程建中, 李心清, 周志红,等. 土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系[J].地球与环境, 2011, 39(2):196-202.
[6] Derek C Ford. Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology[M]. American Geophysical Union, 2007.
[7] CAO. Preliminary regional estimation of carbon sink flux by carbonate rock corrosion: A case study of the Pearl River Basin [J]. Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(35):3766-3773.
[8] 盛浩,罗莎,周萍,等.土壤CO2浓度的动态观测、模拟和应用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2916-2922.
[9] 蒋勇军, 刘秀明, 何师意,等. 喀斯特槽谷区土地石漠化与综合治理技术研发[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22):7092-7097.
[10] Buyanovsky G A. Annual cycles of carbon dioxide level in soil air [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983, 47(6):1139-1145.
[11] Fierer N, Chadwick O A, Trumbore S E. Production of CO2 in soil profiles of a California annual grassland [J]. Ecosystems, 2005, 8(4):412-429.
[12] Jassal R, Black A, Novak M, et al. Relationship between soil CO2 concentrations and forest-floor CO2 effluxes. Agr For Meteorol [J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2005, 130(3):176-192.
[13] Tang J, Misson L, Gershenson A, et al. Continuous measurements of soil respiration with and without roots in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains [J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2005, 132(3-4):212-227.
[14] Zimmermann M, Meir P, Bird M, et al. Litter contribution to diurnal and annual soil respiration in a tropical montane cloud forest [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41(6):1338-1340.
[15] Liu Z H, Li Q, Sun H L, et al. Seasonal, diurnal and storm-scale hydrochemical variations of typical epikarst springs in subtropical karst areas of SW China: Soil CO2 and dilution effects[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 337(1-2):207-223.
[16] 陈全胜, 李凌浩, 韩兴国,等. 水分对土壤呼吸的影响及机理[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(5):972-978.
[17] Ponnamperuma F. Straw as a source of nutrients for wetland rice[M]. Organic Matter & Rice, 1984.
[18] Wang W J, Dalal R C, Moody P W, et al. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003, 35(2):273-284.
[19] 张红星, 王效科, 冯宗炜,等. 黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸对强降雨的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):6189-6196.
[20] Blecha M, Faimon J. Spatial and temporal variations in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in selected soils of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) [J]. Carbonates & Evaporites, 2014, 29(4):395-408.
[21] 李林立, 况明生, 张远瞩,等. 重庆金佛山岩溶区不同植被条件下土壤-植被系统CO2浓度日变化[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2005, 21(3):67-70.
[22] 梁福源, 宋林华, 王静. 土壤CO2浓度昼夜变化及其对土壤CO2排放量的影响[J].地理科学进展, 2003, 22(2):170-176.
[23] Dowdell R J, Smith K A, Crees R, et al. Field studies of ethylene in the soil atmosphere-equipment and preliminary results[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1972, 4(3):325-326.
[24] Vargas R, Carbone M S, Reichstein M, et al. Frontiers and challenges in soil respiration research: from measurements to model-data integration[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2011, 102(1-3):1-13.
[25] Liang N, Nakadi T, Hirano T,et al. In situ comparison of four approaches to estimating soil CO2 efflux in a northern larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg) forest[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,123: 97-117.
[26] 郭小娇, 龚晓萍, 汤庆佳, 等. 典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J]. 中国岩溶, 2016(6):629-638.
[27] 曾艳. 亚热带岩溶山区夏季土壤CO2浓度的分布状况与变化规律[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2003.
[28] Porporato A, Vico G, Fay P A. Superstatistics of hydro-climatic fluctuations and inter annual ecosystem productivity [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(15):292-306.
[29] 刘芳, 刘丛强, 王仕禄, 等.黔中喀斯特石漠化地区土壤温室气体浓度的时空分布特征[J].环境科学, 2009, 30(11):3136-3141.
[30] Holt J A, Hodgen M J, Lamb D. Soil respiration in the seasonally dry tropics near Townsville, North Queensland.[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1990, 28(5):737-745.
[31] Borken W, Davidson E A, Savage K, et al. Drying and wetting effects on carbon dioxide release from organic horizons[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67(6):1888-1896.
[32] ChenD, Molina J A E, Clapp C E, et al. Corn root influence on automated measurement of soil carbon dioxide concentrations [J]. Soil Science,2005, 170(10):779-787.
[33] 李艳花, 赵景波. 西安南郊不同人工植被下土壤CO2浓度研究[J].中国沙漠, 2006, 26(6):910-914.
[34] 郎红东, 杨剑虹. 土壤CO2浓度变化及其影响因素的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 26(6):731-734.
[35] 刁一伟, 郑循华, 王跃思,等. 土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响[J].气候与环境研究, 2004, 9(4):584-590.
[36] 赵慢. 土壤呼吸对极端降水响应的模拟研究[D].杨林:西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[37] Li T, Wang S, Zheng L. Comparative study on CO2 sources in soil developed on carbonate rock and non-carbonate rock in central Guizhou [J]. Science in China, 2002, 45(8):673-679.
[38] 苏维词.贵州喀斯特山区的土壤侵蚀性退化及其防治[J]. 中国岩溶, 2001, 20(3):217-223.
[39] 熊康宁, 李晋, 龙明忠. 典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(7):878-888.
[40] 周忠发, 田涟祎, 殷超,等. 人为干预下喀斯特峰丛盆地区不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 35(4):1-6.
[41] 周秋文, 罗雅雪, 张思琪,等. 喀斯特地区土壤可蚀性因子空间估算研究进展[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(6):16-21.
[42] 李涛. 桂林盘龙洞岩溶区土壤CO2迁移、变化规律及岩溶效应[D].桂林:广西师范大学, 2011.
[2] Sheng H, Yang Y, Yang Z, et al. The dynamic response of soil respiration to land-use changes in subtropical China [J]. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16(3):1107–1121.
[3] Raich J W, Schlesinger W H. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate [J]. Tellus Series B-chemical & Physical Meteorology, 1992, 44(2):81-99.
[4] Bondlamberty B, Thomson A. Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record [J]. Nature, 2010, 464(7288):579-582.
[5] 程建中, 李心清, 周志红,等. 土壤CO2浓度与地表CO2通量的季节变化及其相互关系[J].地球与环境, 2011, 39(2):196-202.
[6] Derek C Ford. Karst Hydrogeology and Geomorphology[M]. American Geophysical Union, 2007.
[7] CAO. Preliminary regional estimation of carbon sink flux by carbonate rock corrosion: A case study of the Pearl River Basin [J]. Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(35):3766-3773.
[8] 盛浩,罗莎,周萍,等.土壤CO2浓度的动态观测、模拟和应用[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2916-2922.
[9] 蒋勇军, 刘秀明, 何师意,等. 喀斯特槽谷区土地石漠化与综合治理技术研发[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(22):7092-7097.
[10] Buyanovsky G A. Annual cycles of carbon dioxide level in soil air [J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983, 47(6):1139-1145.
[11] Fierer N, Chadwick O A, Trumbore S E. Production of CO2 in soil profiles of a California annual grassland [J]. Ecosystems, 2005, 8(4):412-429.
[12] Jassal R, Black A, Novak M, et al. Relationship between soil CO2 concentrations and forest-floor CO2 effluxes. Agr For Meteorol [J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2005, 130(3):176-192.
[13] Tang J, Misson L, Gershenson A, et al. Continuous measurements of soil respiration with and without roots in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains [J]. Agricultural & Forest Meteorology, 2005, 132(3-4):212-227.
[14] Zimmermann M, Meir P, Bird M, et al. Litter contribution to diurnal and annual soil respiration in a tropical montane cloud forest [J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2009, 41(6):1338-1340.
[15] Liu Z H, Li Q, Sun H L, et al. Seasonal, diurnal and storm-scale hydrochemical variations of typical epikarst springs in subtropical karst areas of SW China: Soil CO2 and dilution effects[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2007, 337(1-2):207-223.
[16] 陈全胜, 李凌浩, 韩兴国,等. 水分对土壤呼吸的影响及机理[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(5):972-978.
[17] Ponnamperuma F. Straw as a source of nutrients for wetland rice[M]. Organic Matter & Rice, 1984.
[18] Wang W J, Dalal R C, Moody P W, et al. Relationships of soil respiration to microbial biomass, substrate availability and clay content[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003, 35(2):273-284.
[19] 张红星, 王效科, 冯宗炜,等. 黄土高原小麦田土壤呼吸对强降雨的响应[J].生态学报,2008,28(12):6189-6196.
[20] Blecha M, Faimon J. Spatial and temporal variations in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in selected soils of the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) [J]. Carbonates & Evaporites, 2014, 29(4):395-408.
[21] 李林立, 况明生, 张远瞩,等. 重庆金佛山岩溶区不同植被条件下土壤-植被系统CO2浓度日变化[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2005, 21(3):67-70.
[22] 梁福源, 宋林华, 王静. 土壤CO2浓度昼夜变化及其对土壤CO2排放量的影响[J].地理科学进展, 2003, 22(2):170-176.
[23] Dowdell R J, Smith K A, Crees R, et al. Field studies of ethylene in the soil atmosphere-equipment and preliminary results[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1972, 4(3):325-326.
[24] Vargas R, Carbone M S, Reichstein M, et al. Frontiers and challenges in soil respiration research: from measurements to model-data integration[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2011, 102(1-3):1-13.
[25] Liang N, Nakadi T, Hirano T,et al. In situ comparison of four approaches to estimating soil CO2 efflux in a northern larch (Larix kaempferi Sarg) forest[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2004,123: 97-117.
[26] 郭小娇, 龚晓萍, 汤庆佳, 等. 典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J]. 中国岩溶, 2016(6):629-638.
[27] 曾艳. 亚热带岩溶山区夏季土壤CO2浓度的分布状况与变化规律[D].重庆:西南师范大学,2003.
[28] Porporato A, Vico G, Fay P A. Superstatistics of hydro-climatic fluctuations and inter annual ecosystem productivity [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2006, 33(15):292-306.
[29] 刘芳, 刘丛强, 王仕禄, 等.黔中喀斯特石漠化地区土壤温室气体浓度的时空分布特征[J].环境科学, 2009, 30(11):3136-3141.
[30] Holt J A, Hodgen M J, Lamb D. Soil respiration in the seasonally dry tropics near Townsville, North Queensland.[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 1990, 28(5):737-745.
[31] Borken W, Davidson E A, Savage K, et al. Drying and wetting effects on carbon dioxide release from organic horizons[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67(6):1888-1896.
[32] ChenD, Molina J A E, Clapp C E, et al. Corn root influence on automated measurement of soil carbon dioxide concentrations [J]. Soil Science,2005, 170(10):779-787.
[33] 李艳花, 赵景波. 西安南郊不同人工植被下土壤CO2浓度研究[J].中国沙漠, 2006, 26(6):910-914.
[34] 郎红东, 杨剑虹. 土壤CO2浓度变化及其影响因素的研究[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版), 2004, 26(6):731-734.
[35] 刁一伟, 郑循华, 王跃思,等. 土壤温度和湿度对冬小麦田土壤空气CO2浓度的影响[J].气候与环境研究, 2004, 9(4):584-590.
[36] 赵慢. 土壤呼吸对极端降水响应的模拟研究[D].杨林:西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[37] Li T, Wang S, Zheng L. Comparative study on CO2 sources in soil developed on carbonate rock and non-carbonate rock in central Guizhou [J]. Science in China, 2002, 45(8):673-679.
[38] 苏维词.贵州喀斯特山区的土壤侵蚀性退化及其防治[J]. 中国岩溶, 2001, 20(3):217-223.
[39] 熊康宁, 李晋, 龙明忠. 典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(7):878-888.
[40] 周忠发, 田涟祎, 殷超,等. 人为干预下喀斯特峰丛盆地区不同土地利用类型的土壤理化性质[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 35(4):1-6.
[41] 周秋文, 罗雅雪, 张思琪,等. 喀斯特地区土壤可蚀性因子空间估算研究进展[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2017(6):16-21.
[42] 李涛. 桂林盘龙洞岩溶区土壤CO2迁移、变化规律及岩溶效应[D].桂林:广西师范大学, 2011.
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