海拔梯度对新疆梯牧草植株形态学特征的影响
|
摘要
以分布于新疆伊犁昭苏沙尔套山海拔1 700–2 200 m处的野生梯牧草(Phleum pratense)为研究对象,通过测定其形态学指标,探讨海拔梯度对各个形态特征的影响,以期为梯牧草种质资源保护及优异种质资源筛选提供科学依据。结果表明,1)不同海拔梯度梯牧草在茎粗、旗叶长、旗叶宽、穗长、小穗宽、小穗数等形态特征指标上存在显著差异(P <0.05),其他形态学指标并未表现出规律性变化;综合表现为海拔1 900 m处植株高大,植株叶片最长,小穗数最多。2)不同海拔之间叶片气孔形态存在显著差异(P <0.05),随海拔升高梯牧草上表皮气孔长度显著增长,气孔数减少。3)综合指标显示,海拔1 900 m左右为梯牧草最适宜的生长环境。
The effects different altitudes on the morphological characteristics of the wild species Phleum pratense on the Shaertao Mountain, Zhaosu, Xinjiang, were investigated by measuring the morphological indexes from 1 700 m to 2 200 m.The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences in the morphological characteristics of stem diameter, length of boot, breadth of boot leaf, ear length, small spike width, and spikelet number at different elevations(P < 0.05). Other morphological characteristics did not show regular changes; at 1 900 m above sea level, plants had the longest leaves and the highest number of spikelets. 2) The altitude also has a significant effect on the leaf stomata(P < 0.05), with elevation the upper epidermis cuticular stomatal length grew significantly, and the number of stomata decreased. 3) It was preliminarily indicated that the altitude gradient had a certain influence on the plant morphological characteristics of wild grass, and was the most suitable environment for the growth of the ladder grass at the altitude of 1 900 m.
The effects different altitudes on the morphological characteristics of the wild species Phleum pratense on the Shaertao Mountain, Zhaosu, Xinjiang, were investigated by measuring the morphological indexes from 1 700 m to 2 200 m.The results showed that: 1) There were significant differences in the morphological characteristics of stem diameter, length of boot, breadth of boot leaf, ear length, small spike width, and spikelet number at different elevations(P < 0.05). Other morphological characteristics did not show regular changes; at 1 900 m above sea level, plants had the longest leaves and the highest number of spikelets. 2) The altitude also has a significant effect on the leaf stomata(P < 0.05), with elevation the upper epidermis cuticular stomatal length grew significantly, and the number of stomata decreased. 3) It was preliminarily indicated that the altitude gradient had a certain influence on the plant morphological characteristics of wild grass, and was the most suitable environment for the growth of the ladder grass at the altitude of 1 900 m.
引文
[1]郭丰辉,侯向阳,丁勇,李西良,武自念,王珍,胡静,李新乐,马文静,赵劲博.羊草形态及生物量分配可塑性对土壤供磷能力的响应研究.草业学报,2016,25(12):53-62.GUO F H,HOU X Y,DING Y,LI X L,WU Z N,WANG Z,HU J,LI X L,MA W J,ZHAO J B.Plasticity of plant morphology and biomass allocation of Leymus chinensis under different phosphorous conditions.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(12):53-62.
[2]谢妍洁,朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应.西北植物学报,2016,36(4):796-803.XIE Y J,ZHU Y H,ZHANG D C,LI S Z.Response of morphological character to aridification of habitat for two plants of genus Kobresia.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(4):796-803.
[3]王文祥,达布希拉图,周平,沙本才,耿世英,刘佳,海梅荣.海拔高度对马铃薯地方品种形态结构及解剖结构的影响.中国马铃薯,2017,31(2):77-85.WANG W X,Dabuxilatu,ZHOU P,SHA B C,GENG S Y,LIU J,HAI M R.Effects of elevation on morphological and anatomical structure of local potato varieties.Chinese Potato Journal,2017,31(2):77-85.
[4]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001.CHEN B S.Pasture and Forage Crop Cultivation.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001.
[5]周卫生,干友民,李才旺,张新全,鄢燕.猫尾草的研究概况.草业科学,2003,20(6):16-20.ZHOU W S,GAN Y M,LI C W,ZHANG X Q,YAN Y.Review of studies on Phleum pretense.Pratacultural Science,2003,20(6):16-20.
[6]李建伟,陈本建,张利平,王欣荣,吴建平.高寒山区6种多年生牧草生长发育特性研究.草原与草坪,2011,31(6):69-74.LI J W,CHEN B J,ZHANG L P,WANG X R,WU J P.Study on the development characteristics of 6 perennial forages in alpine area.Grassland and Turf,2011,31(6):69-74.
[7]常有奎,魏永林.三种优良禾本科牧草与本地品种生长性状对比分析.青海草业,2004,13(3):11-13.CHANG Y K,WEI Y L.Comparing analysis on growth character of three excellent Gramineae pastures.Qinghai Prataculture,2004,13(3):11-13.
[8]曹致中.我国猫尾草引种栽培与猫尾草产业之梗概.中国草地,2003,25(6):73-75.CAO Z Z.The cultivation and production of Phleum pratense in China.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2003,25(6):73-75.
[9]郑伟,朱进忠,加娜尔古丽.不同混播方式豆禾混播草地生产性能的综合评价.草业学报,2012,21(6):242-252.ZHENG W,ZHU J Z,Jianaerguli.A comprehensive evaluation of the productive performance of legume grass mixtures under different mixed sowing patterns.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(6):242-252.
[10]杨开虎,于磊,张前兵,罗良俊,杨国林,和海秀.施氮对猫尾草栽培草地饲草产量和品质的影响.草业科学,2015,32(12):2071-2077.YANG K H,YU L,ZHANG Q B,LUO L J,YANG G L,HE H X.Effects of nitrogen application on Phleum preture forage yield and quality.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2071-2077.
[11]马军,郑伟,张博.基于马营养需求的多年生豆禾混播草地生产性能的评价.草原与草坪,2016,36(2):52-58.MA J,ZHENG W,ZHANG B.Evaluation of production performance for perennial legume grass mixture grassland based on nutrient needs of horses.Grassland and Turf,2016,36(2):52-58.
[12]张强强,景亚平,杨雪,蒋烈戈,李福星.塔尔巴克台山东段山区豆禾混播草地的土壤理化性质.草业科学,2014,31(8):1532-1527.ZHANG Q Q,JING Y P,YANG X,JIANG L G,LI F X.Soil physical and chemical properties of different mix-sown combination pasture.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(8):1532-1527.
[13]于磊,鲁为华,阎平,罗良俊,张前兵.新疆昭苏县境沙尔套山天然草地牧草资源与评价.中国草地学报,2014,36(6):4-11.YU L,LU W H,YAN P,LUO L J,ZHANG Q B.Resources and assessment of natural grassland in Shaertao Mountains,Zhaosu Country in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(6):4-11.
[14]潘红丽,李迈和,蔡小虎,吴杰,杜忠,刘兴良.海拔梯度上的植物生长与生理生态特性.生态环境学报,2009,18(2):722-730.PAN H L,LI M H,CAI X H,WU J,DU Z,LIU X L.Response of growth and ecophsiology of plants to altitude.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(2):722-730.
[15]鄢家俊,白史且,张昌兵,游明鸿,李达旭,曾怡.青藏高原老芒麦野生种群生态特性与形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2010,32(4):49-57.YAN J J,BAI S Q,ZHANG C B,YOU M H,LI D X,ZENG Y.Ecological characteristics and morphological variation of wild Elymus sibiricus L.germplasm from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(4):49-57.
[16]陈钊,管永卓,梁新平,张红瑞,余莹,张明,王成章,严学兵.海拔高度对披碱草属植物形态特征的可塑性.草地学报,2015,23(5):897-904.CHEN Z,GUAN Y Z,LIANG X P,ZHANG H R,YU Y,ZHANG M,WANG C Z,YAN X B.Effects of altitude on the morphological traits of Elymus species.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(5):897-904.
[17]李静静,李炜,陈雅君,尹慧,李艳侠.钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标.草业科学,2016,33(7):1285-1290.LI J J,LI W,CHEN Y J,YI H,LI Y X.Potassium improves morphology and characteristics of Poa pratensis under drought stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1285-1290.
[18]孙碧徽,李荣全,段小春,常智慧.多年生黑麦草叶片形态与低温胁迫的生理响应.草业科学,2016,33(3):450-458.SUN B H,LI R Q,DUAN X C,CHANG Z H.Relationship between leaf morphology and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass under cold stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):450-458.
[19]刘婷娜,王彦荣,胡小文.不同海拔垂穗披碱草种子产量及其构成因素.草业科学,2014,31(3):468-473.LIU T N,WANG Y R,HU X W.Seed yield and seed yield components of Elymus nutans from different elevations.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(3):468-473.
[20]李培英,孙宗玖,阿不来提.偃麦草种质资源外部性状变异及其形态类型的初步研究.草业科学,2010,27(1):71-78.LI P Y,SUN Z J,Abulaiti.Preliminary study on morphological variation and types of Elytrigia repens germplasm resources.Pratacultural Science,2010,27(1):71-78.
[21]张鲜花.天山北坡东段与西段野生鸭茅的种群分布、形态特征及生理生化特性研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学博士学位论文,2015.ZHANG X H.Study on population distribution,morphological characteristic and physicological-biochemical characteristics of Dactylis glomerata in east and west section of Tianshan Mountain north slope.PhD Thesis.Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2015.
[22]王燕红,张学杰,樊守金.梯牧草属叶表皮微形态特征研究.植物研究,2016,36(6):827-837.WANG Y H,ZHANG X J,FAN S J.Micromorphology of leaf epidermis of Phleum.Bulletin of Botanical Research,2016,36(6):827-837.
[23]石硕,贺学礼,祝东立.不同海拔高度上两种蒿属植物叶表皮结构比较研究.河北农业大学学报,2008(1):42-47.SHI S,HE X L,ZHU D L.Comparative study on the leaf epidermal structure of two Artemisia species at different altitudes.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2008(1):42-47.
[24]马清温,李凤兰,李承森.气孔参数与大气CO2浓度的相关性及其影响因素.西北植物学报,2004,24(11):2020-2024.MA Q W,LI F L,LI C S.Impacting factors and relationship between stomatal parameters and atmospheric CO2 concentration.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(11):2020-2024.
[25]WAGNER F,BELOW R,KLERK P D,DILCHER D L,JOOSTEN H,KüRSCHNER W M,VISSCHER H.A nature experiment on plant acclimation:Lifetime stomatal frequency response of an individual tree to annual atmospheric CO2 increase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1996,93(21):11705-11708.
[26]朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.西藏东达山3种嵩草属植物气孔特征沿海拔的变化.西北植物学报,2017,37(4):728-736.ZHU Y H,ZHANG D C,LI S Z.Variations of stomatal characters for three species of genus Kobresia along an elevational gradient in the Dongda Mountains of Tibet.Acta Botanica Boveali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(4):728-736.
[27]BOSABALIDIS A M,KOFIDIS G.Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars.Plant Science,2002,165:375-379.
[28]章英才,闫天珍.花花柴叶片解剖结构与生态环境关系的研究.宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(1):31-34.ZHANG Y C,YAN T Z.Study on relationship between anatomical structure of leaves of Karelinia capsia less and ecological environment.Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College,2003,24(1):31-34.
[29]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应.植物学通报,2005(S1):118-127.LI F L,BAO W K.Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005(S1):118-127.
[2]谢妍洁,朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应.西北植物学报,2016,36(4):796-803.XIE Y J,ZHU Y H,ZHANG D C,LI S Z.Response of morphological character to aridification of habitat for two plants of genus Kobresia.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2016,36(4):796-803.
[3]王文祥,达布希拉图,周平,沙本才,耿世英,刘佳,海梅荣.海拔高度对马铃薯地方品种形态结构及解剖结构的影响.中国马铃薯,2017,31(2):77-85.WANG W X,Dabuxilatu,ZHOU P,SHA B C,GENG S Y,LIU J,HAI M R.Effects of elevation on morphological and anatomical structure of local potato varieties.Chinese Potato Journal,2017,31(2):77-85.
[4]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学.北京:中国农业出版社,2001.CHEN B S.Pasture and Forage Crop Cultivation.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001.
[5]周卫生,干友民,李才旺,张新全,鄢燕.猫尾草的研究概况.草业科学,2003,20(6):16-20.ZHOU W S,GAN Y M,LI C W,ZHANG X Q,YAN Y.Review of studies on Phleum pretense.Pratacultural Science,2003,20(6):16-20.
[6]李建伟,陈本建,张利平,王欣荣,吴建平.高寒山区6种多年生牧草生长发育特性研究.草原与草坪,2011,31(6):69-74.LI J W,CHEN B J,ZHANG L P,WANG X R,WU J P.Study on the development characteristics of 6 perennial forages in alpine area.Grassland and Turf,2011,31(6):69-74.
[7]常有奎,魏永林.三种优良禾本科牧草与本地品种生长性状对比分析.青海草业,2004,13(3):11-13.CHANG Y K,WEI Y L.Comparing analysis on growth character of three excellent Gramineae pastures.Qinghai Prataculture,2004,13(3):11-13.
[8]曹致中.我国猫尾草引种栽培与猫尾草产业之梗概.中国草地,2003,25(6):73-75.CAO Z Z.The cultivation and production of Phleum pratense in China.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2003,25(6):73-75.
[9]郑伟,朱进忠,加娜尔古丽.不同混播方式豆禾混播草地生产性能的综合评价.草业学报,2012,21(6):242-252.ZHENG W,ZHU J Z,Jianaerguli.A comprehensive evaluation of the productive performance of legume grass mixtures under different mixed sowing patterns.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2012,21(6):242-252.
[10]杨开虎,于磊,张前兵,罗良俊,杨国林,和海秀.施氮对猫尾草栽培草地饲草产量和品质的影响.草业科学,2015,32(12):2071-2077.YANG K H,YU L,ZHANG Q B,LUO L J,YANG G L,HE H X.Effects of nitrogen application on Phleum preture forage yield and quality.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2071-2077.
[11]马军,郑伟,张博.基于马营养需求的多年生豆禾混播草地生产性能的评价.草原与草坪,2016,36(2):52-58.MA J,ZHENG W,ZHANG B.Evaluation of production performance for perennial legume grass mixture grassland based on nutrient needs of horses.Grassland and Turf,2016,36(2):52-58.
[12]张强强,景亚平,杨雪,蒋烈戈,李福星.塔尔巴克台山东段山区豆禾混播草地的土壤理化性质.草业科学,2014,31(8):1532-1527.ZHANG Q Q,JING Y P,YANG X,JIANG L G,LI F X.Soil physical and chemical properties of different mix-sown combination pasture.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(8):1532-1527.
[13]于磊,鲁为华,阎平,罗良俊,张前兵.新疆昭苏县境沙尔套山天然草地牧草资源与评价.中国草地学报,2014,36(6):4-11.YU L,LU W H,YAN P,LUO L J,ZHANG Q B.Resources and assessment of natural grassland in Shaertao Mountains,Zhaosu Country in Xinjiang.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(6):4-11.
[14]潘红丽,李迈和,蔡小虎,吴杰,杜忠,刘兴良.海拔梯度上的植物生长与生理生态特性.生态环境学报,2009,18(2):722-730.PAN H L,LI M H,CAI X H,WU J,DU Z,LIU X L.Response of growth and ecophsiology of plants to altitude.Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2009,18(2):722-730.
[15]鄢家俊,白史且,张昌兵,游明鸿,李达旭,曾怡.青藏高原老芒麦野生种群生态特性与形态变异研究.中国草地学报,2010,32(4):49-57.YAN J J,BAI S Q,ZHANG C B,YOU M H,LI D X,ZENG Y.Ecological characteristics and morphological variation of wild Elymus sibiricus L.germplasm from Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(4):49-57.
[16]陈钊,管永卓,梁新平,张红瑞,余莹,张明,王成章,严学兵.海拔高度对披碱草属植物形态特征的可塑性.草地学报,2015,23(5):897-904.CHEN Z,GUAN Y Z,LIANG X P,ZHANG H R,YU Y,ZHANG M,WANG C Z,YAN X B.Effects of altitude on the morphological traits of Elymus species.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2015,23(5):897-904.
[17]李静静,李炜,陈雅君,尹慧,李艳侠.钾素改善干旱胁迫下早熟禾的形态及相关生长指标.草业科学,2016,33(7):1285-1290.LI J J,LI W,CHEN Y J,YI H,LI Y X.Potassium improves morphology and characteristics of Poa pratensis under drought stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(7):1285-1290.
[18]孙碧徽,李荣全,段小春,常智慧.多年生黑麦草叶片形态与低温胁迫的生理响应.草业科学,2016,33(3):450-458.SUN B H,LI R Q,DUAN X C,CHANG Z H.Relationship between leaf morphology and physiological responses of perennial ryegrass under cold stress.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):450-458.
[19]刘婷娜,王彦荣,胡小文.不同海拔垂穗披碱草种子产量及其构成因素.草业科学,2014,31(3):468-473.LIU T N,WANG Y R,HU X W.Seed yield and seed yield components of Elymus nutans from different elevations.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(3):468-473.
[20]李培英,孙宗玖,阿不来提.偃麦草种质资源外部性状变异及其形态类型的初步研究.草业科学,2010,27(1):71-78.LI P Y,SUN Z J,Abulaiti.Preliminary study on morphological variation and types of Elytrigia repens germplasm resources.Pratacultural Science,2010,27(1):71-78.
[21]张鲜花.天山北坡东段与西段野生鸭茅的种群分布、形态特征及生理生化特性研究.乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学博士学位论文,2015.ZHANG X H.Study on population distribution,morphological characteristic and physicological-biochemical characteristics of Dactylis glomerata in east and west section of Tianshan Mountain north slope.PhD Thesis.Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2015.
[22]王燕红,张学杰,樊守金.梯牧草属叶表皮微形态特征研究.植物研究,2016,36(6):827-837.WANG Y H,ZHANG X J,FAN S J.Micromorphology of leaf epidermis of Phleum.Bulletin of Botanical Research,2016,36(6):827-837.
[23]石硕,贺学礼,祝东立.不同海拔高度上两种蒿属植物叶表皮结构比较研究.河北农业大学学报,2008(1):42-47.SHI S,HE X L,ZHU D L.Comparative study on the leaf epidermal structure of two Artemisia species at different altitudes.Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2008(1):42-47.
[24]马清温,李凤兰,李承森.气孔参数与大气CO2浓度的相关性及其影响因素.西北植物学报,2004,24(11):2020-2024.MA Q W,LI F L,LI C S.Impacting factors and relationship between stomatal parameters and atmospheric CO2 concentration.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2004,24(11):2020-2024.
[25]WAGNER F,BELOW R,KLERK P D,DILCHER D L,JOOSTEN H,KüRSCHNER W M,VISSCHER H.A nature experiment on plant acclimation:Lifetime stomatal frequency response of an individual tree to annual atmospheric CO2 increase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1996,93(21):11705-11708.
[26]朱玉怀,张大才,李双智.西藏东达山3种嵩草属植物气孔特征沿海拔的变化.西北植物学报,2017,37(4):728-736.ZHU Y H,ZHANG D C,LI S Z.Variations of stomatal characters for three species of genus Kobresia along an elevational gradient in the Dongda Mountains of Tibet.Acta Botanica Boveali-Occidentalia Sinica,2017,37(4):728-736.
[27]BOSABALIDIS A M,KOFIDIS G.Comparative effects of drought stress on leaf anatomy of two olive cultivars.Plant Science,2002,165:375-379.
[28]章英才,闫天珍.花花柴叶片解剖结构与生态环境关系的研究.宁夏农学院学报,2003,24(1):31-34.ZHANG Y C,YAN T Z.Study on relationship between anatomical structure of leaves of Karelinia capsia less and ecological environment.Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College,2003,24(1):31-34.
[29]李芳兰,包维楷.植物叶片形态解剖结构对环境变化的响应与适应.植物学通报,2005(S1):118-127.LI F L,BAO W K.Responses of the morphological and anatomical structure of the plant leaf to environmental change.Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2005(S1):118-127.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |