湘江流域水质综合评价及其时空演变分析
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摘要
选取湘江流域29个水质监测断面2008—2015年的水质监测数据,包括DO、COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N、TP、Pb、As、Cd,利用单因子评价法及季节性Mann-Kendall检验,对湘江流域的水质及其时空演化特征进行综合评价分析。结果表明:1)湘江流域水环境质量整体优良,且污染物浓度呈现持续下降趋势;部分地区受其自身条件及其发展的影响,污染类型及趋势差异明显。2)对于重金属Pb、As、Cd的整体治理效果要好于NH_3-N、TP。3)湘江流域内NH_3-N和TP的污染浓度表现为丰水期高于枯水期。而重金属污染差异明显,主要受河流流量变化以及历史排放的影响。4) 2008年以后,政府干预逐渐替代城市发展等经济因素成为影响湘江流域水环境变化的主要因素。
The water environment problem is a realistic problem that affects residents ' lives and social and economic development. Water quality monitoring data of 29 water quality monitoring sections in Xiangjiang River Basin from 2008 to 2015 were selected,including DO,COD_(Mn),NH_3-N,TP,Pb,As,Cd,and single factor index and seasonal Mann-Kendall test were applied to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the water quality and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Xiangjiang River Basin. The results showed that: 1) The overall quality of the water environment in the Xiangjiang River Basin was excellent,and the concentration of pollutants continued to decline. In some areas,due to their own conditions and development pace,the types and trends of pollution were significantly different. 2) The overall treatment effect of heavy metals Pb,As,Cd was better than NH_3-N,TP. 3) The pollution concentration of NH_3-N and TP in the Xiangjiang River Basin was higher than that of the dry season. The heavy metal pollution was obviously different,mainly affected by river flow changes and historical emission. 4) Since 2008,government intervention gradually replaced economic factors( e.g. urban development),as the main factors affecting the water environment change in the Xiangjiang River Basin.
The water environment problem is a realistic problem that affects residents ' lives and social and economic development. Water quality monitoring data of 29 water quality monitoring sections in Xiangjiang River Basin from 2008 to 2015 were selected,including DO,COD_(Mn),NH_3-N,TP,Pb,As,Cd,and single factor index and seasonal Mann-Kendall test were applied to comprehensively evaluate and analyze the water quality and temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of Xiangjiang River Basin. The results showed that: 1) The overall quality of the water environment in the Xiangjiang River Basin was excellent,and the concentration of pollutants continued to decline. In some areas,due to their own conditions and development pace,the types and trends of pollution were significantly different. 2) The overall treatment effect of heavy metals Pb,As,Cd was better than NH_3-N,TP. 3) The pollution concentration of NH_3-N and TP in the Xiangjiang River Basin was higher than that of the dry season. The heavy metal pollution was obviously different,mainly affected by river flow changes and historical emission. 4) Since 2008,government intervention gradually replaced economic factors( e.g. urban development),as the main factors affecting the water environment change in the Xiangjiang River Basin.
引文
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[24]唐文清，曾荣英，冯泳兰，等．湘江(衡阳段)底泥重金属污染特征及生态风险动态评价[J]．衡阳师范学院学报，2015,36(3):56-61.
[25]陈一清，黄钟霆，毕军平，等．湘江干流沉积物中铅和镉的污染特征与评价[J]．中国环境监测，2014,30(2).
[2] Zielinski M,Dopieralska J,Belka Z,et al. Srisotopetracing of multiple water sources in a complex river system,Notec River,Central Poland[J]. Sci Total Environ,2016,548:307-316.
[3]谢伟城，彭渤，匡晓亮，等．湘江长潭株段河床沉积物重金属污染源的铅同位素地球化学示踪[J]．地球化学，2017,46(4):380-394.
[4]王晨，曾祥英，于志强，等．湘江衡阳段沉积物中铊等重金属的污染特征及其生态风险评估[J]．生态毒理学报，2013,8(1):16-22.
[5]徐欣．湘江流域湘潭段水体中氨氮变化趋势的研究[J]．中国环境管理，2013,5(5):49-53.
[6]唐敬知，杨仁斌，谈健．湘江流域水质环境演变特征研究[J]．环境科学与管理，2014,39(5):62-66.
[7] Liu Y Y,Mao D H,Yang J L,et al. Analysis on the water quality change characteristics and influencing factors of the Xiangjiang River mainstream from 1990 to 2016[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2018,40(4):820-827.
[8]刘庆珊．淮河干流(安徽段)水质时空变化特征及评价研究[D]．淮南:安徽理工大学，2016.
[9] Zhai X Y,Xia J,Zhang Y Y. Water quality variation in the highly disturbed Huai River Basin,China from 1994 to 2005 by multistatistical analyses[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2014,496:594-606.
[10]许凯，王惠英，李永丽．淮干上游56年水质演变过程及污染趋势分析[J]．环境工程，2017,35(12):163-165+24.
[11]刘发根，李梅，郭玉银．鄱阳湖水质时空变化及受水位影响的定量分析[J]．水文，2014,34(4):37-43.
[12]徐冬梅．湘江流域枯水径流时间演变规律及预报研究[D]．长沙:长沙理工大学，2010.
[13]童霆．河口三角洲元素含量与矿产资源:以湘资沅澧为例[J]．第四系研究，2005,25(3):298-305.
[14]彭渤，唐晓燕，余昌训，等．湘江入湖河段沉积物重金属污染及其Pb同位素地球化学示踪[J]．地质学报，2011,85(2):282-299.
[15] Peng B,Tang X,Yu C,et al. Geochemistry of trace metals and Pb isotopes of sediments from the lowermost Xiangjiang River,Hunan Province(P. R. China):implications on sources of trace metals[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64(5):1455-1473.
[16]杨霞，彭渤，吴雅霁，等．湘江湘潭段河岸沉积物重金属污染地球化学分析[J]．地球化学，2016,45(1):62-76.
[17] Sun G X,Wang X J,Hu Q H. Using stable lead isotopes to trace heavy metal contamination sources in sediments of Xiangjiang and Lishui Rivers in China[J]. Environ Pollut,2011,159(12):3406-3410.
[18] Sun W,Sang L,Jiang B. Trace metals in sediments and aquatic plants from the Xiangjiang River,China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments,2012,12(10):1649-1657.
[19]刘伟，张梦琳，杨双喜，等．不同地下水水质评价方法的对比研究:以宜良县为例[J]．环境工程，2017,35(3):147-151.
[20] Hirsch R M,Slack J R,Smith R A. Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data[J]. Water Resources Research,1982,18(1):107-171.
[21] Chang H. Spatial analysis of water quality trends in the Han River basin,South Korea[J]. Water Research,2008,42(13):3285-3304.
[22]杨灿灿，吴光红，陈水蓉．近25a来天津市海河干流水质的演变特征[J]．人民黄河，2013,35(8):49-52.
[23] Smith R A,Hirsch R M,Slack J R. A study of trends in total phosphorus measurements at NASQAN stations[C]∥US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2190. 1982.
[24]唐文清，曾荣英，冯泳兰，等．湘江(衡阳段)底泥重金属污染特征及生态风险动态评价[J]．衡阳师范学院学报，2015,36(3):56-61.
[25]陈一清，黄钟霆，毕军平，等．湘江干流沉积物中铅和镉的污染特征与评价[J]．中国环境监测，2014,30(2).
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