套种绿肥对桉树人工林土壤理化性质的影响
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摘要
为研究不同绿肥对桉树人工林土壤理化性质的改良效果,选取华安县西陂国有林场桉树人工林进行套种扁豆、乌绿豆×印度豇豆及不套种绿肥方式,对土壤理化性质的3a动态影响研究。结果表明,套种绿肥对桉树人工林生态系统有积极影响,桉树人工林套种绿肥有改善土壤的物理化学性质的作用,综合改良效果表现为:套种乌绿豆×印度豇豆>套种扁豆>不套种。其中套种乌绿豆×印度豇豆下,3个土层土壤容重在造林3a时对比造林0.5a时增加了-0.79%～7.27%,而全N、全P含量分别下降了-18.60%～3.9%和-5.56%～8.70%,均明显低于不套种的9.76%～14.15%、2.52%～4.65%和4.76%～15%。而套种乌绿豆×印度豇豆方式下,土壤水解性N、有效P和速效K含量在造林1.5a时比造林0.5a时分别减少了2.65%～61.54%、12.50%～31.79%和25.06%～25.93%,对比不套种的47.83%～64.79%、18.56%～37.00%和29.98%～56.29%,说明套种乌绿豆×印度豇豆对土壤速效养分维持效果优,而且在一定程度上对土壤养分的积累产生积极作用。本研究还发现套种乌绿豆×印度豇豆能够提高土壤有机质含量,改善土壤pH值,缓解土壤酸化,所以该套种模式值得在生产上进一步推广应用。
In order to study soil improvement effect of interplanting different green manures on the soil physical and chemical properties of eucalyptus plantation,Xiqiao National Forest Farm of Hua'an County was selected as experimental site to carry out a 3-year-long dynamic study.Three different cultivation modes were adopted:eucalyptus was interplanted with lentil(A),with green mung bean×Indian cowpea(B),without interplanting(C).Soil samples were collected 0.5,1.5,and 3years after the commencement of the experiment from three soil layers:0-20,20-40,and 40-60 cm.The results showed that interplanting green manures had positive impacts on the eucalyptus plantation ecosystem.The comprehensive improvement effects on soil physico-chemical properties of three cultivation modes were in the order of B>A>C.In mode B,the soil bulk density of the 3-year soil increased by-0.79%to 7.27%compared with that in 0.5year soil,while the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents decreased by-18.60%to 3.9%and from-5.56%to 8.70%,respectively,they were significantly lower than the corresponding values ofnon-interplanting soil:9.76%to 14.15%,2.52%to 4.65%,and 4.76%to 15%.The contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the mode B reduced by 2.65%-61.54%,12.50%-31.79% and 25.06%-25.93%,respectively in the 1.5year soil compared with those of 0.5year soil,in the mode C,the corresponding figures were 47.83%-64.79%,18.56%-37.00% and29.98%-56.29%,indicating that the mode B demonstrated excellent effect on soil available nutrient maintenance,and it had a positive effect on soil nutrient accumulation to some extents.The experiment also found that mode B could increase soil organic matter content,improve soil pH and alleviate soil acidification,so this cultivation was worthy of further application in production.
In order to study soil improvement effect of interplanting different green manures on the soil physical and chemical properties of eucalyptus plantation,Xiqiao National Forest Farm of Hua'an County was selected as experimental site to carry out a 3-year-long dynamic study.Three different cultivation modes were adopted:eucalyptus was interplanted with lentil(A),with green mung bean×Indian cowpea(B),without interplanting(C).Soil samples were collected 0.5,1.5,and 3years after the commencement of the experiment from three soil layers:0-20,20-40,and 40-60 cm.The results showed that interplanting green manures had positive impacts on the eucalyptus plantation ecosystem.The comprehensive improvement effects on soil physico-chemical properties of three cultivation modes were in the order of B>A>C.In mode B,the soil bulk density of the 3-year soil increased by-0.79%to 7.27%compared with that in 0.5year soil,while the total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents decreased by-18.60%to 3.9%and from-5.56%to 8.70%,respectively,they were significantly lower than the corresponding values ofnon-interplanting soil:9.76%to 14.15%,2.52%to 4.65%,and 4.76%to 15%.The contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in the mode B reduced by 2.65%-61.54%,12.50%-31.79% and 25.06%-25.93%,respectively in the 1.5year soil compared with those of 0.5year soil,in the mode C,the corresponding figures were 47.83%-64.79%,18.56%-37.00% and29.98%-56.29%,indicating that the mode B demonstrated excellent effect on soil available nutrient maintenance,and it had a positive effect on soil nutrient accumulation to some extents.The experiment also found that mode B could increase soil organic matter content,improve soil pH and alleviate soil acidification,so this cultivation was worthy of further application in production.
引文
[1]谢耀坚.真实的桉树[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[2]廖观荣.我国桉树人工林立地土壤问题研究概况[J].生态环境,2003(1):119-121.
[3]于福科,黄新会,王克勤,等.桉树人工林生态退化与恢复研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):393-398.YU F K,HUANG X H,WANG K Q,et al.An overview of ecological degradation and restoration of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(2):393-398.(in Chinese)
[4]张顺恒,陈辉.桉树人工林的水源涵养功能[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(4):300-303.ZHANG S H,CHEN H.Study on water conservation function of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2010,30(4):300-303.(in Chinese)
[5]黎勇,钟格梅.桉树对生态环境的影响分析[J].绿色科技,2017(14):195-197,200.LI Y,ZHONG G M.Analysis on the influence of Eucalyptus on ecological environment[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2017(14):195-197,200.(in Chinese)
[6]刘英,王允青,张祥明,等.种植紫云英对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2007(1):98-99,189.
[7] ASTIER M,MAASS J M,ETCHEVERS-BARRA J D,et al.Short-term green manure and tillage management effects on maize yield and soil quality in an Andisol[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,88(1):153-159.(in Chinese)
[8]樊丽生,郑联寿,王俊,等.玉米套种绿肥模式对连作田土壤肥力及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(10):89-91,94.FAN L S,ZHENG L S,WANG J,et al.Effects of interplanting corn and green manure crops on soil fertility and output of continuous-crop[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2013,45(10):89-91,94.(in Chinese)
[9]洪宜聪.杉木林套种闽粤栲林分特性及其涵养水源功能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):71-77.HONG Y C.Stand characteristics and water conservation function of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation mixed with castanopsis fissa[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):71-77.(in Chinese)
[10]王东雪,曾雯珺,杨菊华,等.油茶新造林套种花生试验初报[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):157-159.WANG D X,ZENG W J,YANG J H,et al.A preliminary report on the intercropping peanut in the new oil tea plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):157-159.(in Chinese)
[11]程飞.桉树人工林长期生产力保持机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[12]林正眉,侯琼昭,罗刚跃,等.桉树林下套种对牧草糙毛假地豆的生长和林地土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):45-52.
[13]宋莉,廖万有,王烨军,等.套种绿肥对茶园土壤理化性状的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(4):675-679.
[14]钟珍梅,詹杰,李振武,等.紫色土侵蚀区柑橘园套种印度豇豆对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):1940-1944.ZHONG Z M,ZHAN J,LI Z W,et al.Effects of interplanting Vigna sinensis on soil water stable aggregate of Citrus reticulata orchard in purplish soil erosion region[J].Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):1940-1944.(in Chinese)
[15]李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,等.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.LI H Y,HU T C,CAO Q H,et al.Effect of improving soil fertility by planting different green manures in different patterns in dryland[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1310-1318.(in Chinese)
[16]李银平,徐文修,陈冰,等.绿肥种植模式对连作棉田土壤肥力及棉花产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(9):149-153.LI Y P,XU W X,CHEN B,et al.Effect of different planting patterns of green manures on soil fertility and cotton yield[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(9):149-153.(in Chinese)
[17]王纪杰.桉树人工林土壤质量变化特征[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.
[2]廖观荣.我国桉树人工林立地土壤问题研究概况[J].生态环境,2003(1):119-121.
[3]于福科,黄新会,王克勤,等.桉树人工林生态退化与恢复研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):393-398.YU F K,HUANG X H,WANG K Q,et al.An overview of ecological degradation and restoration of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(2):393-398.(in Chinese)
[4]张顺恒,陈辉.桉树人工林的水源涵养功能[J].福建林学院学报,2010,30(4):300-303.ZHANG S H,CHEN H.Study on water conservation function of Eucalyptus plantation[J].Journal of Fujian College of Forestry,2010,30(4):300-303.(in Chinese)
[5]黎勇,钟格梅.桉树对生态环境的影响分析[J].绿色科技,2017(14):195-197,200.LI Y,ZHONG G M.Analysis on the influence of Eucalyptus on ecological environment[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2017(14):195-197,200.(in Chinese)
[6]刘英,王允青,张祥明,等.种植紫云英对土壤肥力和水稻产量的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2007(1):98-99,189.
[7] ASTIER M,MAASS J M,ETCHEVERS-BARRA J D,et al.Short-term green manure and tillage management effects on maize yield and soil quality in an Andisol[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,88(1):153-159.(in Chinese)
[8]樊丽生,郑联寿,王俊,等.玉米套种绿肥模式对连作田土壤肥力及产量的影响[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(10):89-91,94.FAN L S,ZHENG L S,WANG J,et al.Effects of interplanting corn and green manure crops on soil fertility and output of continuous-crop[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2013,45(10):89-91,94.(in Chinese)
[9]洪宜聪.杉木林套种闽粤栲林分特性及其涵养水源功能[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(3):71-77.HONG Y C.Stand characteristics and water conservation function of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation mixed with castanopsis fissa[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(3):71-77.(in Chinese)
[10]王东雪,曾雯珺,杨菊华,等.油茶新造林套种花生试验初报[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):157-159.WANG D X,ZENG W J,YANG J H,et al.A preliminary report on the intercropping peanut in the new oil tea plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2012,27(4):157-159.(in Chinese)
[11]程飞.桉树人工林长期生产力保持机制研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2013.
[12]林正眉,侯琼昭,罗刚跃,等.桉树林下套种对牧草糙毛假地豆的生长和林地土壤养分的影响[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(12):45-52.
[13]宋莉,廖万有,王烨军,等.套种绿肥对茶园土壤理化性状的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(4):675-679.
[14]钟珍梅,詹杰,李振武,等.紫色土侵蚀区柑橘园套种印度豇豆对土壤水稳性团聚体的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):1940-1944.ZHONG Z M,ZHAN J,LI Z W,et al.Effects of interplanting Vigna sinensis on soil water stable aggregate of Citrus reticulata orchard in purplish soil erosion region[J].Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):1940-1944.(in Chinese)
[15]李红燕,胡铁成,曹群虎,等.旱地不同绿肥品种和种植方式提高土壤肥力的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1310-1318.LI H Y,HU T C,CAO Q H,et al.Effect of improving soil fertility by planting different green manures in different patterns in dryland[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1310-1318.(in Chinese)
[16]李银平,徐文修,陈冰,等.绿肥种植模式对连作棉田土壤肥力及棉花产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(9):149-153.LI Y P,XU W X,CHEN B,et al.Effect of different planting patterns of green manures on soil fertility and cotton yield[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica,2010,19(9):149-153.(in Chinese)
[17]王纪杰.桉树人工林土壤质量变化特征[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.
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