稀土元素分离与提纯技术研究现状及展望
|
摘要
稀土元素是重要的战略资源,广泛应用于国防工业、电子行业、环境保护、新能源行业等领域,是高新技术产业发展中必需的重要原料。开发绿色、高效的稀土元素分离与提纯技术对中国稀土资源的高效综合利用具有重要意义。综述了分级结晶和分步沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取色层法以及溶剂萃取法等技术分离与提纯稀土元素的研究现状,分析了这几种方法的优缺点,阐述了溶剂萃取法、离子交换法和萃取色层法在稀土元素分离与提纯技术研究方面的不足,并展望了未来几种方法的发展方向。针对电子废物逐年增加的趋势,概述了稀土元素分离与提纯技术在含稀土电子废物(如废荧光粉、废旧氢-镍电池电极材料和钕铁硼废料)回收工艺中的应用研究进展。以期为制备单一高纯稀土元素提供理论依据,为实现稀土二次资源的回收利用,促进自然资源可持续利用提供技术借鉴。
Rare earth elements(REEs)are critical strategic resources,which widely used in the defense industry,electronics industry,environmental protection,new energy industries and other fields.It is an important and necessary material in the development of high and new technology industry.Developing green and efficient technology for the separation and purification of REEs is of great significance to the efficient and comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in China.This paper systematically reviewed the progress of studies on REEs separation and purification technologies,such as fractional crystallization and fractional precipitation,ion exchange,extraction chromatography and solvent extraction.Advantages and disadvantages of these technologies were expounded in detail.The shortcomings of solvent extraction,ion exchange and extraction chromatography in the separation and purification of REEs were pointed out,and the development trends of these technologies in the future were proposed.Given the increasing trend of the electronic waste year by year,the progress of REEs separation and purification technologies application in the recycling process of REEs containing electronic waste,such as waste phosphors,spent nickel-metal hydride batteries,and the NdFeB magnet scraps,were introduced in this paper as well.The paper was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of single high-purity REEs and a technical guideline for recycling of secondary resources of REEs and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources.
Rare earth elements(REEs)are critical strategic resources,which widely used in the defense industry,electronics industry,environmental protection,new energy industries and other fields.It is an important and necessary material in the development of high and new technology industry.Developing green and efficient technology for the separation and purification of REEs is of great significance to the efficient and comprehensive utilization of rare earth resources in China.This paper systematically reviewed the progress of studies on REEs separation and purification technologies,such as fractional crystallization and fractional precipitation,ion exchange,extraction chromatography and solvent extraction.Advantages and disadvantages of these technologies were expounded in detail.The shortcomings of solvent extraction,ion exchange and extraction chromatography in the separation and purification of REEs were pointed out,and the development trends of these technologies in the future were proposed.Given the increasing trend of the electronic waste year by year,the progress of REEs separation and purification technologies application in the recycling process of REEs containing electronic waste,such as waste phosphors,spent nickel-metal hydride batteries,and the NdFeB magnet scraps,were introduced in this paper as well.The paper was expected to provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of single high-purity REEs and a technical guideline for recycling of secondary resources of REEs and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources.
引文
[1]徐光宪.稀土:上[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.
[2]侯振宇,何扬.我国稀土资源概况及应用前景[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2017(7):28-30,33.
[3]蓝桥发.P507-N235萃取分离稀土工艺研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2013.
[4]李芳,孙都成,王兴磊.酸分级结晶法分离稀土镧铈[J].化工技术与开发,2009,38(9):11-14.
[5]罗仙平,钱有军,梁长利.从离子型稀土矿浸取液中提取稀土的技术现状与展望[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(5):50-53,59.
[6]ABREU R D,MORAIS C A.Purification of rare earth elements from monazite sulphuric acid leach liquor and the production of high-purity ceric oxide[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(6):536-540.
[7]邱廷省,方夕辉,罗仙平,等.磁处理强化草酸沉淀稀土浸出液过程的研究[J].稀有金属,2004,28(4):811-814.
[8]CHI R,HU Y,ZHU G,et al.Solution-chemistry analysis of ammonium bicarbonate consumption in rare-earth-element precipitation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B:Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science,2003,34(5):611-617.
[9]WAN Y X,LIN C Q.Study on adsorption of rare earth elements by kaolinite[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2005,23(3):377-384.
[10]周骏宏,朱博含.离子交换法从盐酸-磷矿体系中提取稀土元素的研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2016,32(4):351-357.
[11]焦芸芬,何小林,廖春发,等.氨基膦酸螯合树脂离子交换色层法分离重稀土的研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2012(12):29-32.
[12]郭伟信,何捍卫,贾守亚,等.HEDTA离子交换色层法分离重稀土[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2009,14(3):195-199.
[13]KABAY N,CORTINA J L,TROCHIMCZUK A,et al.Solvent-impregnated resins(SIRs)-methods of preparation and their applications[J].Reactive&Functional Polymers,2010,70(8):484-496.
[14]罗教生,王凤鸣.用TBP萃取色层法从废物中提取高纯氧化钪工艺研究[J].环境与开发,2000,15(1):16-18.
[15]廖春发,焦芸芬,邱定蕃,等.Cyanex27-2P507浸渍树脂协同萃取色层分离铥镱镥的研究[J].中国稀土学报,2007,25(2):249-252.
[16]常宏涛.P204-HCl-H3AOH体系萃取分离轻稀土元素的基础研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.
[17]WANG X L,LI W,LI D Q.Extraction and stripping of rare earths using mixtures of acidic phosphorus-based reagents[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2011,29(5):413-415.
[18]杨凤丽,邓佐国,徐廷华.环烷酸萃取钇工艺中存在的问题及优化措施[J].湿法冶金,2005,24(3):139-142.
[19]YIN S H,LI S W,WU W Y,et al.Extraction and separation of Ce(Ⅲ)and Pr(Ⅲ)in the system containing two complexing agents with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(14):59997-60001.
[20]牛卿霖,王运东.P507硝酸体系萃取铒及其与钙、铁的分离[J].化工学报,2014,65(1):258-263.
[21]SURAMPALLY R,BATCHU N K,MANNEPALLI L K,et al.Studies on solvent extraction of Dy(Ⅲ)and separation possibilities of rare earths using PC-88Afrom phosphoric acid solutions[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2012,43(6):839-844.
[22]BELOVA V V,VOSHKIN A A,EGOROVA N S,et al.Solvent extraction of rare earth metals from nitrate solutions with di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate of methyltrioctylammonium[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2012,172(12):144-146.
[23]杨光.盐酸体系中3-氧戊二酰胺类萃取剂对稀土元素的萃取行为研究[D].济南:济南大学,2010.
[24]李永绣,杨丽芬,李翠翠,等.用伯胺萃取剂从低含量稀土溶液中萃取回收稀土的方法:201610820708.0[P].2016-09-13.
[25]崔玉,徐荣琪,姜润田,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺萃取Pr3+的研究[J].中国稀土学报,2003,21(1):102-104.
[26]崔玉,孙思修,徐荣琪,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺从硝酸盐介质中萃取铈(Ⅲ)[J].无机化学学报,2003,19(6):669-672.
[27]孙国新,崔玉,尹少宏,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺萃取镧系元素的性能及机理[J].无机化学学报,2008,24(2):265-269.
[28]牟苗苗,陈广,罗兴.新型稀土萃取剂研究现状与进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2015(4):73-78.
[29]LIU Y H,CHEN J,LI D Q.Application and perspective of ionic liquids on rare earths green separation[J].Separation Science and Technology,2012,47(2):223-232.
[30]YANG F,KUBOTA F,BABA Y,et al.Selective extraction and recovery of rare earth metals from phosphor powders in waste fluorescent lamps using an ionic liquid system[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254(1):79-88.
[31]KOZONOI N,IKEDA Y.Extraction mechanism of metal ion from aqueous solution to the hydrophobic ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nonafluorobutanesulfonate[J].Monatshefte für Chemie,2007,138(11):1145-1151.
[32]YANG H L,WANG W,CUI H M,et al.Recovery of rare earth elements from simulated fluorescent powder using bifunctional ionic liquid extractants(Bif-ILEs)[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2012,87(2):198-205.
[33]WANG X,DU M,LIU H.Synergistic extraction study of samarium(Ⅲ)from chloride medium by mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,93(3):48-51.
[34]李玉华,李青刚,张贵清,等.钛白水解废酸中钪的回收[J].化工学报,2017,68(7):2818-2825.
[35]XIONG Y,WANG X L,LI D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of heavy Lanthanide by mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 2-ethylhexyl phosphinic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester[J].Separation Science and Technology,2005,40(11):2325-2336.
[36]季尚军.N1923-P507非皂化协同体系萃取分离钕钐的研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2015.
[37]杨幼明,蓝桥发,邓声华,等.P507与N235混合溶剂的稳定性及对NdCl3的协萃效应[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(4):385-392.
[38]TIAN M M,SONG N Z,WANG D D,et al.Applications of the binary mixture of sec-octylphenoxyacetic acid and8-hydroxyquinoline to the extraction of rare earth elements[J].Hydrometallurgy,2012,111(1):109-113.
[39]TONG H,WANG Y L,LIAO W P,et al.Synergistic extraction of Ce(Ⅳ)and Th(Ⅳ)with mixtures of Cyanex923and organophosphorus acids in sulfuric acid media[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2013,118(6):487-491.
[40]SUN X Q,WATERS K E.Synergistic effect between bifunctional ionic liquids and a molecular extractant for lanthanide separation[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2014,2(12):2758-2764.
[41]赵泽原.新型萃取体系在重稀土分离中的应用[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.
[42]尹少华.P204-LA-H3cit络合体系萃取分离轻稀土元素的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2013.
[43]SUN X B,WANG Y G,LI D Q.Selective separation of yttrium by CA-100in the presence of a complexing agent[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,408/409/410/411/412:999-1002.
[44]倪海勇,邓佐国,江龙中,等.络合交换法萃取分离钇铒的研究[J].广东有色金属学报,2003,13(1):64-67.
[45]江龙中,倪海勇,邓佐国,等.非平衡体系络合交换分离钇铒的研究[J].江西有色金属,2001,15(4):20-22.
[46]PEI L,WANG L M,YU G Q.Study on a novel flat renewal supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA and hydrogen nitrate for neodymium extraction[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(1):63-68.
[47]ZHAO L F,FEI D J,DANG Y G,et al.Studies on the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ)by emulsion liquid membrane[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1):130-135.
[48]张利昌.液膜分离法对磷矿中伴生稀土的分离提取研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[49]谢子楠,陈前林,赵丽君.乳状液膜对磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的提取研究[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(3):269-274.
[50]王进,党亚固,费德君,等.液膜萃取法回收磷酸体系中的微量镧[J].中国稀土学报,2012,30(1):13-20.
[51]张玻,贾江涛,廖春生,等.电极条件对硫酸介质中电解还原提纯镱过程的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2005,23(5):597-601.
[52]张玻,贾江涛,廖春生,等.电极液酸度及稀土浓度对硫酸体系电解还原提纯镱的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(1):116-119.
[53]孙艳辉,王之昌,郭雷.化学气相传输法分离二元混合重稀土氧化物[J].应用化学,2003,20(6):511-515.
[54]何鹏,苍大强,宗燕兵,等.化学气相传输法分离二元混合稀土氧化物[J].稀土,2005,26(1):53-56.
[55]于锦,董四清,张渝,等.化学气相传输法分离相邻四元混合轻稀土氧化物[J].稀土,2011,32(3):55-59.
[56]BALDE C P,WANG F,KUEHR R,et al.The global e-waste monitor-2014[M].Bonn:UNU-IAS,2015.
[57]ZENG X L,GONG R Y,CHEN W Q,et al.Uncovering the recycling potential of“new”WEEE in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(3):1347-1358.
[58]谭全银.废荧光灯中稀土元素机械活化强化浸出机理及工艺研究[D].北京:清华大学,2016.
[59]李宏煦,王帅,李超.稀土元素回收技术及其生命周期循环分析[J].稀有金属,2016,40(9):945-954.
[60]唐艳芬.废旧氢-镍电池中镍和稀土元素的回收处理[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2008.
[61]吴继平.从钕铁硼废料中提取稀土工艺及机理研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2015.
[62]刘虎.废旧稀土荧光粉的回收及其碱熔机理研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2015.
[63]RECK B K,GRAEDEL T E.Challenges in metal recycling[J].Science,2012,337(6095):690-695.
[64]TAN Q Y,LI J H,ZENG X L.Rare earth elements recovery from waste fluorescent lamps:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2015,45(7):749-776.
[65]WANG M M,TAN Q Y,CHIANG J F,et al.Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines-a review[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(5):1-17.
[66]刘旸,刘静欣,郭学益.电子废弃物处理技术研究进展[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2014,42(2):44-49.
[67]TUNSU C,EKBERG C,RETEGAN T.Characterization and leaching of real fluorescent lamp waste for the recovery of rare earth metals and mercury[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,144(4):91-98.
[68]LIU H,ZHANG S G,PAN D,et al.Rare earth elements recycling from waste phosphor by dual hydrochloric acid dissolution[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,272(10):96-101.
[69]INNOCENZI V,IPPOLITO N M,DE MICHELIS I A,et al.A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of terbium from fluorescent lamps:experimental design,optimization of acid leaching process and process analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,184(3):552-559.
[70]申星梅,李辽沙,武杏荣,等.废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土的提取工艺与技术[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1498-1505.
[71]王莲贞,申星梅,李辽沙.预处理对废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土提取的影响[J].化工学报,2014,65(4):1416-1423.
[72]傅丽.废旧稀土荧光灯中稀土金属分离实验的研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2008.
[73]DE MICHELIS I,FERELLA F,VARELLI E F,et al.Treatment of exhaust fluorescent lamps to recover yttrium:experimental and process analyses[J].Waste Management,2011,31(12):2559-2568.
[74]王颜赟.废旧氢-镍电池中有价金属的回收利用[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2009.
[75]林河成.关于用钕铁硼永磁废料回收氧化钕的工艺研究[J].世界有色金属,2007(4):59-61.
[76]叶亮.一种从钕铁硼废料中回收稀土的方法:201610709640.9[P].2017-01-11.
[77]梁浩.一种从钕铁硼废料中分段回收稀土的方法:201110070156.3[P].2011-03-23.
[78]焦芸芬,何小林,廖春发,等.近十年来重稀土元素分离与提纯技术研究进展[J].稀土,2013,34(4):74-79.
[79]黄国强,张峰.轻稀土分离研究进展[J].现代化工,2015,35(10):12-15.
[2]侯振宇,何扬.我国稀土资源概况及应用前景[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2017(7):28-30,33.
[3]蓝桥发.P507-N235萃取分离稀土工艺研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2013.
[4]李芳,孙都成,王兴磊.酸分级结晶法分离稀土镧铈[J].化工技术与开发,2009,38(9):11-14.
[5]罗仙平,钱有军,梁长利.从离子型稀土矿浸取液中提取稀土的技术现状与展望[J].有色金属科学与工程,2012,3(5):50-53,59.
[6]ABREU R D,MORAIS C A.Purification of rare earth elements from monazite sulphuric acid leach liquor and the production of high-purity ceric oxide[J].Minerals Engineering,2010,23(6):536-540.
[7]邱廷省,方夕辉,罗仙平,等.磁处理强化草酸沉淀稀土浸出液过程的研究[J].稀有金属,2004,28(4):811-814.
[8]CHI R,HU Y,ZHU G,et al.Solution-chemistry analysis of ammonium bicarbonate consumption in rare-earth-element precipitation[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B:Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science,2003,34(5):611-617.
[9]WAN Y X,LIN C Q.Study on adsorption of rare earth elements by kaolinite[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2005,23(3):377-384.
[10]周骏宏,朱博含.离子交换法从盐酸-磷矿体系中提取稀土元素的研究[J].离子交换与吸附,2016,32(4):351-357.
[11]焦芸芬,何小林,廖春发,等.氨基膦酸螯合树脂离子交换色层法分离重稀土的研究[J].有色金属(冶炼部分),2012(12):29-32.
[12]郭伟信,何捍卫,贾守亚,等.HEDTA离子交换色层法分离重稀土[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2009,14(3):195-199.
[13]KABAY N,CORTINA J L,TROCHIMCZUK A,et al.Solvent-impregnated resins(SIRs)-methods of preparation and their applications[J].Reactive&Functional Polymers,2010,70(8):484-496.
[14]罗教生,王凤鸣.用TBP萃取色层法从废物中提取高纯氧化钪工艺研究[J].环境与开发,2000,15(1):16-18.
[15]廖春发,焦芸芬,邱定蕃,等.Cyanex27-2P507浸渍树脂协同萃取色层分离铥镱镥的研究[J].中国稀土学报,2007,25(2):249-252.
[16]常宏涛.P204-HCl-H3AOH体系萃取分离轻稀土元素的基础研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.
[17]WANG X L,LI W,LI D Q.Extraction and stripping of rare earths using mixtures of acidic phosphorus-based reagents[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2011,29(5):413-415.
[18]杨凤丽,邓佐国,徐廷华.环烷酸萃取钇工艺中存在的问题及优化措施[J].湿法冶金,2005,24(3):139-142.
[19]YIN S H,LI S W,WU W Y,et al.Extraction and separation of Ce(Ⅲ)and Pr(Ⅲ)in the system containing two complexing agents with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid[J].RSC Advances,2014,4(14):59997-60001.
[20]牛卿霖,王运东.P507硝酸体系萃取铒及其与钙、铁的分离[J].化工学报,2014,65(1):258-263.
[21]SURAMPALLY R,BATCHU N K,MANNEPALLI L K,et al.Studies on solvent extraction of Dy(Ⅲ)and separation possibilities of rare earths using PC-88Afrom phosphoric acid solutions[J].Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2012,43(6):839-844.
[22]BELOVA V V,VOSHKIN A A,EGOROVA N S,et al.Solvent extraction of rare earth metals from nitrate solutions with di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate of methyltrioctylammonium[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2012,172(12):144-146.
[23]杨光.盐酸体系中3-氧戊二酰胺类萃取剂对稀土元素的萃取行为研究[D].济南:济南大学,2010.
[24]李永绣,杨丽芬,李翠翠,等.用伯胺萃取剂从低含量稀土溶液中萃取回收稀土的方法:201610820708.0[P].2016-09-13.
[25]崔玉,徐荣琪,姜润田,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺萃取Pr3+的研究[J].中国稀土学报,2003,21(1):102-104.
[26]崔玉,孙思修,徐荣琪,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺从硝酸盐介质中萃取铈(Ⅲ)[J].无机化学学报,2003,19(6):669-672.
[27]孙国新,崔玉,尹少宏,等.N,N,N’,N’-四丁基丙二酰胺萃取镧系元素的性能及机理[J].无机化学学报,2008,24(2):265-269.
[28]牟苗苗,陈广,罗兴.新型稀土萃取剂研究现状与进展[J].矿产保护与利用,2015(4):73-78.
[29]LIU Y H,CHEN J,LI D Q.Application and perspective of ionic liquids on rare earths green separation[J].Separation Science and Technology,2012,47(2):223-232.
[30]YANG F,KUBOTA F,BABA Y,et al.Selective extraction and recovery of rare earth metals from phosphor powders in waste fluorescent lamps using an ionic liquid system[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2013,254(1):79-88.
[31]KOZONOI N,IKEDA Y.Extraction mechanism of metal ion from aqueous solution to the hydrophobic ionic liquid,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nonafluorobutanesulfonate[J].Monatshefte für Chemie,2007,138(11):1145-1151.
[32]YANG H L,WANG W,CUI H M,et al.Recovery of rare earth elements from simulated fluorescent powder using bifunctional ionic liquid extractants(Bif-ILEs)[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2012,87(2):198-205.
[33]WANG X,DU M,LIU H.Synergistic extraction study of samarium(Ⅲ)from chloride medium by mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2012,93(3):48-51.
[34]李玉华,李青刚,张贵清,等.钛白水解废酸中钪的回收[J].化工学报,2017,68(7):2818-2825.
[35]XIONG Y,WANG X L,LI D Q.Synergistic extraction and separation of heavy Lanthanide by mixtures of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid and 2-ethylhexyl phosphinic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester[J].Separation Science and Technology,2005,40(11):2325-2336.
[36]季尚军.N1923-P507非皂化协同体系萃取分离钕钐的研究[D].包头:内蒙古科技大学,2015.
[37]杨幼明,蓝桥发,邓声华,等.P507与N235混合溶剂的稳定性及对NdCl3的协萃效应[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(4):385-392.
[38]TIAN M M,SONG N Z,WANG D D,et al.Applications of the binary mixture of sec-octylphenoxyacetic acid and8-hydroxyquinoline to the extraction of rare earth elements[J].Hydrometallurgy,2012,111(1):109-113.
[39]TONG H,WANG Y L,LIAO W P,et al.Synergistic extraction of Ce(Ⅳ)and Th(Ⅳ)with mixtures of Cyanex923and organophosphorus acids in sulfuric acid media[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2013,118(6):487-491.
[40]SUN X Q,WATERS K E.Synergistic effect between bifunctional ionic liquids and a molecular extractant for lanthanide separation[J].ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2014,2(12):2758-2764.
[41]赵泽原.新型萃取体系在重稀土分离中的应用[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.
[42]尹少华.P204-LA-H3cit络合体系萃取分离轻稀土元素的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2013.
[43]SUN X B,WANG Y G,LI D Q.Selective separation of yttrium by CA-100in the presence of a complexing agent[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2006,408/409/410/411/412:999-1002.
[44]倪海勇,邓佐国,江龙中,等.络合交换法萃取分离钇铒的研究[J].广东有色金属学报,2003,13(1):64-67.
[45]江龙中,倪海勇,邓佐国,等.非平衡体系络合交换分离钇铒的研究[J].江西有色金属,2001,15(4):20-22.
[46]PEI L,WANG L M,YU G Q.Study on a novel flat renewal supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA and hydrogen nitrate for neodymium extraction[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2012,30(1):63-68.
[47]ZHAO L F,FEI D J,DANG Y G,et al.Studies on the extraction of chromium(Ⅲ)by emulsion liquid membrane[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1):130-135.
[48]张利昌.液膜分离法对磷矿中伴生稀土的分离提取研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.
[49]谢子楠,陈前林,赵丽君.乳状液膜对磷矿酸解液中稀土离子的提取研究[J].中国稀土学报,2013,31(3):269-274.
[50]王进,党亚固,费德君,等.液膜萃取法回收磷酸体系中的微量镧[J].中国稀土学报,2012,30(1):13-20.
[51]张玻,贾江涛,廖春生,等.电极条件对硫酸介质中电解还原提纯镱过程的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2005,23(5):597-601.
[52]张玻,贾江涛,廖春生,等.电极液酸度及稀土浓度对硫酸体系电解还原提纯镱的影响[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(1):116-119.
[53]孙艳辉,王之昌,郭雷.化学气相传输法分离二元混合重稀土氧化物[J].应用化学,2003,20(6):511-515.
[54]何鹏,苍大强,宗燕兵,等.化学气相传输法分离二元混合稀土氧化物[J].稀土,2005,26(1):53-56.
[55]于锦,董四清,张渝,等.化学气相传输法分离相邻四元混合轻稀土氧化物[J].稀土,2011,32(3):55-59.
[56]BALDE C P,WANG F,KUEHR R,et al.The global e-waste monitor-2014[M].Bonn:UNU-IAS,2015.
[57]ZENG X L,GONG R Y,CHEN W Q,et al.Uncovering the recycling potential of“new”WEEE in China[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(3):1347-1358.
[58]谭全银.废荧光灯中稀土元素机械活化强化浸出机理及工艺研究[D].北京:清华大学,2016.
[59]李宏煦,王帅,李超.稀土元素回收技术及其生命周期循环分析[J].稀有金属,2016,40(9):945-954.
[60]唐艳芬.废旧氢-镍电池中镍和稀土元素的回收处理[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2008.
[61]吴继平.从钕铁硼废料中提取稀土工艺及机理研究[D].赣州:江西理工大学,2015.
[62]刘虎.废旧稀土荧光粉的回收及其碱熔机理研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2015.
[63]RECK B K,GRAEDEL T E.Challenges in metal recycling[J].Science,2012,337(6095):690-695.
[64]TAN Q Y,LI J H,ZENG X L.Rare earth elements recovery from waste fluorescent lamps:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2015,45(7):749-776.
[65]WANG M M,TAN Q Y,CHIANG J F,et al.Recovery of rare and precious metals from urban mines-a review[J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,2017,11(5):1-17.
[66]刘旸,刘静欣,郭学益.电子废弃物处理技术研究进展[J].金属材料与冶金工程,2014,42(2):44-49.
[67]TUNSU C,EKBERG C,RETEGAN T.Characterization and leaching of real fluorescent lamp waste for the recovery of rare earth metals and mercury[J].Hydrometallurgy,2014,144(4):91-98.
[68]LIU H,ZHANG S G,PAN D,et al.Rare earth elements recycling from waste phosphor by dual hydrochloric acid dissolution[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,272(10):96-101.
[69]INNOCENZI V,IPPOLITO N M,DE MICHELIS I A,et al.A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of terbium from fluorescent lamps:experimental design,optimization of acid leaching process and process analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,184(3):552-559.
[70]申星梅,李辽沙,武杏荣,等.废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土的提取工艺与技术[J].化工学报,2015,66(4):1498-1505.
[71]王莲贞,申星梅,李辽沙.预处理对废弃CRT荧光粉中稀土提取的影响[J].化工学报,2014,65(4):1416-1423.
[72]傅丽.废旧稀土荧光灯中稀土金属分离实验的研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2008.
[73]DE MICHELIS I,FERELLA F,VARELLI E F,et al.Treatment of exhaust fluorescent lamps to recover yttrium:experimental and process analyses[J].Waste Management,2011,31(12):2559-2568.
[74]王颜赟.废旧氢-镍电池中有价金属的回收利用[D].沈阳:沈阳理工大学,2009.
[75]林河成.关于用钕铁硼永磁废料回收氧化钕的工艺研究[J].世界有色金属,2007(4):59-61.
[76]叶亮.一种从钕铁硼废料中回收稀土的方法:201610709640.9[P].2017-01-11.
[77]梁浩.一种从钕铁硼废料中分段回收稀土的方法:201110070156.3[P].2011-03-23.
[78]焦芸芬,何小林,廖春发,等.近十年来重稀土元素分离与提纯技术研究进展[J].稀土,2013,34(4):74-79.
[79]黄国强,张峰.轻稀土分离研究进展[J].现代化工,2015,35(10):12-15.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |