谷子茎秆水浸提液对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的自毒作用
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摘要
为探明谷子连作障碍机理,采用完全随机设计开展发芽和盆栽试验,分析谷子茎秆水浸提液对其种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同浓度谷子茎秆水浸提液对谷子种子的萌发表现为"低促高抑"。与对照相比,原液处理下的种子发芽率分别比对照降低73.2%和56.6%,根长、芽长、鲜重、干重也均显著低于对照,表明原液显著抑制谷子种子的萌发和根芽的生长;稀释10、50和100倍液处理下的谷子种子的化感综合效应指数均为正值,表明其对谷子种子的萌发和根芽的生长起到促进作用。谷子茎秆水浸提液原液处理下,谷子幼苗株高、叶面积、生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率均显著低于对照,且化感效应指数均为负值;稀释10倍液处理下的幼苗株高、叶面积、生物量均显著高于对照,且化感效应指数均为正值;不同浓度茎秆水浸提液处理下的幼苗叶片光合作用与对照相比均受到了抑制作用;谷子苗期叶片的SOD、POD活性经不同浓度谷子茎秆水浸提液处理,随着浓度的增加,分别表现为先增加后减少、先增加后减少再增加的趋势。谷子茎秆中的化感物质在高浓度(原液)下对谷子自身有较强的自毒作用,抑制了种子的萌发和幼苗的生长;在适当浓度(稀释10、50和100倍液)下,表现出促进作用,研究结果可为谷子高效生产提供理论参考。
In order to explore the mechanism of foxtail millet continuous cropping obstacle and investigate the effects of foxtail millet straw water extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of foxtail millet,germination and pot experiments were completely randomly designed and conducted.The results displayed that the water extracts showed promoting effect at low concentrations while showed inhibition effect at high concentrations on the seed germination of foxtail millet.Compared with the control,the germination rates of the foxtail millet seeds treated with the undiluted water extracts were decreased by 73.2% and 56.6%,respectively.The root and bud length,fresh and dry weight of foxtail millet seedlings were significantly lower than those of the control.It indicated that the undiluted water extracts significantly inhibited the germination of the foxtail millet seeds and growth of the foxtail millet roots and buds.The allelopathic indexes of foxtail millet seeds treated with 10,50 and 100 fold diluted water extracts were all positive suggesting their promoting effects on the seeds germination and the root and bud growth of foxtail millet.After treated by the water extract,the plant height,leaf area,biomass,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of foxtail millet seedling were significantly lower than those of the control,and their allelopathic indexes were all negative.In contrast,the plant height,leaf area and biomass of the seedlings under the treatment with 10 fold dilution were significantly higher than those of the control,and all with positive allopathic indexes.Compared with the control,the photosynthesis of the foxtail millet seedlings treated with water extracts at different concentrations was inhibited.With the increase of water extract concentration,the SOD and POD activity in the leaves of foxtail millet seedlings treated with water extracts were increased at first and then decreased,and increased at first,then decreased and finally increased again,respectively.In conclusion,the allelopathic substances in foxtail millet straws had strong autotoxic effects on foxtail millets at high concentration(undiluted water extracts),which inhibited the seeds germination and the seedlings growth,whereas it showed promoting effects at appropriate concentrations(10 fold,50 fold and 100 fold dilution).This study provided theoretical references for the efficient production of foxtail millet.
In order to explore the mechanism of foxtail millet continuous cropping obstacle and investigate the effects of foxtail millet straw water extracts on the seed germination and seedling growth of foxtail millet,germination and pot experiments were completely randomly designed and conducted.The results displayed that the water extracts showed promoting effect at low concentrations while showed inhibition effect at high concentrations on the seed germination of foxtail millet.Compared with the control,the germination rates of the foxtail millet seeds treated with the undiluted water extracts were decreased by 73.2% and 56.6%,respectively.The root and bud length,fresh and dry weight of foxtail millet seedlings were significantly lower than those of the control.It indicated that the undiluted water extracts significantly inhibited the germination of the foxtail millet seeds and growth of the foxtail millet roots and buds.The allelopathic indexes of foxtail millet seeds treated with 10,50 and 100 fold diluted water extracts were all positive suggesting their promoting effects on the seeds germination and the root and bud growth of foxtail millet.After treated by the water extract,the plant height,leaf area,biomass,chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of foxtail millet seedling were significantly lower than those of the control,and their allelopathic indexes were all negative.In contrast,the plant height,leaf area and biomass of the seedlings under the treatment with 10 fold dilution were significantly higher than those of the control,and all with positive allopathic indexes.Compared with the control,the photosynthesis of the foxtail millet seedlings treated with water extracts at different concentrations was inhibited.With the increase of water extract concentration,the SOD and POD activity in the leaves of foxtail millet seedlings treated with water extracts were increased at first and then decreased,and increased at first,then decreased and finally increased again,respectively.In conclusion,the allelopathic substances in foxtail millet straws had strong autotoxic effects on foxtail millets at high concentration(undiluted water extracts),which inhibited the seeds germination and the seedlings growth,whereas it showed promoting effects at appropriate concentrations(10 fold,50 fold and 100 fold dilution).This study provided theoretical references for the efficient production of foxtail millet.
引文
[1] Rice E L.Allelopathy[M].2nd ed.New York:Academic Press Inc,1984
[2] Putnam A R,Weston L A.Adverse impact of allelopathy in agricultural systems.In:Putnam A R,Tang C S,eds.The Science of Allelopathy[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1986
[3] Reigosa M J,Sanchez-Moreiras A,Gonzalez.Ecophysiological approach in allelopathy[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1999,18(5):577-608
[4] 黄玉茜,韩立思,杨劲峰,王月,韩晓日.花生植株和土壤水浸液自毒作用研究及土壤中自毒物质检测[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6023-6032Huang Y Q,HanL S,Yang J F,Wang Y,Han X R.Autotoxicity of aqueous extracts from plant,soil of peanut and identification of autotoxic substances in rhizospheric soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6023-6032 (in Chinese)
[5] 宋慧.小豆连作障碍中自毒机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013Song H.Autointoxication in adzuki beanreplant disease[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2013 (in Chinese)
[6] 张志平,于爱军.杂交谷子栽培技术与综合利用[M].北京:中国农业出版社Zhang Z P,Yu A J.Hybrid Millet Cultivation Technology and Comprehensive Utilization[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press (in Chinese)
[7] 张晓玲,潘振刚,周晓锋,倪吾钟.自毒作用与连作障碍[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):781-784Zhang X L,Pan Z G,Zhou X F,Ni W Z.Continuous cropping obstacles and allelopathic autotoxicity [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(4):781-784 (in Chinese)
[8] 王树起,韩丽梅,杨振明,阎飞,鞠会艳.大豆根茬腐解液和营养液残液对大豆生长发育的自感效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(3):44-48Wang S Q,Han L M,Yang Z M,Yan F,Ju H Y.Self-inductive effect of soybean root rot and decomposing liquid on soybean growth and development[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Science,2000,22(3):44-48 (in Chinese)
[9] 胡帅珂.水稻秸秆化感物质对水稻生长发育的影响及消除化感影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012Hu SK.Study on effect of rice straw allelochemicals to rice growth and eliminate the impact of allelopathic[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[10] 周凯,郭维明,王智芳,郝峰鸽.菊花不同部位及根际土壤水浸液处理对光合作用的自毒作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):318-322Zhou K,Guo W M,Wang Z F,Hao F G.Autotoxicity of aquatic extracts from chrysanthemum and rhizosphere soil on photosynthesis in the same plant species[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(2):318-322 (in Chinese)
[11] 董淑琦,原向阳,温银元,郭平毅,胡春艳,聂磊云,吕亚楠.谷子秸秆水浸提液对玉米苗期生长的化感作用研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(8):35-42Dong S Q,Yuan X Y,Wen Y Y,Guo P Y,Hu C Y,Nie L Y,Lv Y N.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from foxtail millet straw on maize growth at seedling stage[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(8):35-42 (in Chinese)
[12] 董淑琦,原向阳,胡春艳,温银元,郭平毅,聂磊云,乔晓芳.谷子秸秆水浸提液对下茬冬小麦苗期化感作用的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):31-38Dong S Q,Yuan X Y,Hu C Y,Wen Y Y,Guo P Y,Nie L Y,Qiao X F.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from foxtail millet straw on winter wheat seedlings[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(5):31-38 (in Chinese)
[13] 孔祥生.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008Kong X S.Plant Physiology Experiment Technique[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2008 (in Chinese)
[14] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000Li H S.Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000 (in Chinese)
[15] Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:mersuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-182
[16] 薛启,王康才,梁永富,苏芸芸.藿香不同部位浸提液对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(4):611-617Xue Q,Wang K C,Liang Y F,Su Y Y.Allelopathy effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Agastache rugosa on its seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(4):611-617 (in Chinese)
[17] 申时才,徐高峰,张付斗,金桂梅,刘树芳,杨艳鲜,张玉华.红薯叶片浸提液对5种主要农田杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].生态学报,2017,37(6):1931-1938Shen S C,Xu G F,Zhang F D,Jin J M,Liu S F,Yang Y X,Zhang Y H.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves on five major farming weeds[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(6):1931-1938 (in Chinese)
[18] 沈慧敏,郭鸿儒,黄高宝.不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):740-743Shen H M,Guo H R,Huang G B.Allelopathy of different plants on wheat,cucumber and radish seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16 (4):740-743 (in Chinese)
[19] 马瑞君,王明理,赵坤,郭守军,赵庆芳,孙坤.高寒草场优势杂草黄帚橐吾水浸液对牧草的化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):845-850Ma R J,Wang M L,Zhao K,Guo S J,Zhao Q F,Sun K.Allelopathy of aqueous extract from Ligularia virgaurea,a dominant weed in psychro-grassland,on pasture plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(5):845-850 (in Chinese)
[20] 石雨仟,张恩和,刘青林,王惠珍,张新慧.兰州百合根系水浸液对其幼苗形态及生理指标的影响[J].中药材,2017,40(5):1043-1045Shi Y Q,Zhang E H,Liu Q L,Wang H Z,Zhang X H.Effects of water extracts from roots of Lanzhou lily on their seedling morphology and physiological indexes[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2017,40(5):1043-1045 (in Chinese)
[21] 张新慧.当归连作障碍机制及其生物修复措施研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009Zhang X H.Studies on mechanism of continuous Angelica sinensis cropping obstacle and its preparatory bioremediation [D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009 (in Chinese)
[22] Eunbhlling F A,Rasmussen J A,Schon M K.Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1979,5(5):815-824
[23] Woodward F I.Stomatal numbers are sensitive to increases in CO2 from pre-industrial levels[J].Nature,1987,327(6123):617-618
[24] Hetherington A M,Woodward F I.The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change[J].Nature,2003,424(6951):901-908
[2] Putnam A R,Weston L A.Adverse impact of allelopathy in agricultural systems.In:Putnam A R,Tang C S,eds.The Science of Allelopathy[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1986
[3] Reigosa M J,Sanchez-Moreiras A,Gonzalez.Ecophysiological approach in allelopathy[J].Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,1999,18(5):577-608
[4] 黄玉茜,韩立思,杨劲峰,王月,韩晓日.花生植株和土壤水浸液自毒作用研究及土壤中自毒物质检测[J].生态学报,2012,32(19):6023-6032Huang Y Q,HanL S,Yang J F,Wang Y,Han X R.Autotoxicity of aqueous extracts from plant,soil of peanut and identification of autotoxic substances in rhizospheric soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(19):6023-6032 (in Chinese)
[5] 宋慧.小豆连作障碍中自毒机理研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013Song H.Autointoxication in adzuki beanreplant disease[D].Yangling:Northwest A & F University,2013 (in Chinese)
[6] 张志平,于爱军.杂交谷子栽培技术与综合利用[M].北京:中国农业出版社Zhang Z P,Yu A J.Hybrid Millet Cultivation Technology and Comprehensive Utilization[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press (in Chinese)
[7] 张晓玲,潘振刚,周晓锋,倪吾钟.自毒作用与连作障碍[J].土壤通报,2007,38(4):781-784Zhang X L,Pan Z G,Zhou X F,Ni W Z.Continuous cropping obstacles and allelopathic autotoxicity [J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(4):781-784 (in Chinese)
[8] 王树起,韩丽梅,杨振明,阎飞,鞠会艳.大豆根茬腐解液和营养液残液对大豆生长发育的自感效应[J].中国油料作物学报,2000,22(3):44-48Wang S Q,Han L M,Yang Z M,Yan F,Ju H Y.Self-inductive effect of soybean root rot and decomposing liquid on soybean growth and development[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Science,2000,22(3):44-48 (in Chinese)
[9] 胡帅珂.水稻秸秆化感物质对水稻生长发育的影响及消除化感影响的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012Hu SK.Study on effect of rice straw allelochemicals to rice growth and eliminate the impact of allelopathic[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2012(in Chinese)
[10] 周凯,郭维明,王智芳,郝峰鸽.菊花不同部位及根际土壤水浸液处理对光合作用的自毒作用研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(2):318-322Zhou K,Guo W M,Wang Z F,Hao F G.Autotoxicity of aquatic extracts from chrysanthemum and rhizosphere soil on photosynthesis in the same plant species[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2009,17(2):318-322 (in Chinese)
[11] 董淑琦,原向阳,温银元,郭平毅,胡春艳,聂磊云,吕亚楠.谷子秸秆水浸提液对玉米苗期生长的化感作用研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(8):35-42Dong S Q,Yuan X Y,Wen Y Y,Guo P Y,Hu C Y,Nie L Y,Lv Y N.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from foxtail millet straw on maize growth at seedling stage[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2016,21(8):35-42 (in Chinese)
[12] 董淑琦,原向阳,胡春艳,温银元,郭平毅,聂磊云,乔晓芳.谷子秸秆水浸提液对下茬冬小麦苗期化感作用的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):31-38Dong S Q,Yuan X Y,Hu C Y,Wen Y Y,Guo P Y,Nie L Y,Qiao X F.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from foxtail millet straw on winter wheat seedlings[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(5):31-38 (in Chinese)
[13] 孔祥生.植物生理学实验技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2008Kong X S.Plant Physiology Experiment Technique[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2008 (in Chinese)
[14] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000Li H S.Principle and Technology of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiments[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000 (in Chinese)
[15] Williamson G B,Richardson D.Bioassays for allelopathy:mersuring treatment responses with independent controls[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1988,14(1):181-182
[16] 薛启,王康才,梁永富,苏芸芸.藿香不同部位浸提液对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(4):611-617Xue Q,Wang K C,Liang Y F,Su Y Y.Allelopathy effect of aqueous extracts from different parts of Agastache rugosa on its seed germination and seedling growth[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(4):611-617 (in Chinese)
[17] 申时才,徐高峰,张付斗,金桂梅,刘树芳,杨艳鲜,张玉华.红薯叶片浸提液对5种主要农田杂草种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用[J].生态学报,2017,37(6):1931-1938Shen S C,Xu G F,Zhang F D,Jin J M,Liu S F,Yang Y X,Zhang Y H.Allelopathic effects of water extracts from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves on five major farming weeds[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(6):1931-1938 (in Chinese)
[18] 沈慧敏,郭鸿儒,黄高宝.不同植物对小麦、黄瓜和萝卜幼苗化感作用潜力的初步评价[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(4):740-743Shen H M,Guo H R,Huang G B.Allelopathy of different plants on wheat,cucumber and radish seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16 (4):740-743 (in Chinese)
[19] 马瑞君,王明理,赵坤,郭守军,赵庆芳,孙坤.高寒草场优势杂草黄帚橐吾水浸液对牧草的化感作用[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):845-850Ma R J,Wang M L,Zhao K,Guo S J,Zhao Q F,Sun K.Allelopathy of aqueous extract from Ligularia virgaurea,a dominant weed in psychro-grassland,on pasture plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(5):845-850 (in Chinese)
[20] 石雨仟,张恩和,刘青林,王惠珍,张新慧.兰州百合根系水浸液对其幼苗形态及生理指标的影响[J].中药材,2017,40(5):1043-1045Shi Y Q,Zhang E H,Liu Q L,Wang H Z,Zhang X H.Effects of water extracts from roots of Lanzhou lily on their seedling morphology and physiological indexes[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2017,40(5):1043-1045 (in Chinese)
[21] 张新慧.当归连作障碍机制及其生物修复措施研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2009Zhang X H.Studies on mechanism of continuous Angelica sinensis cropping obstacle and its preparatory bioremediation [D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2009 (in Chinese)
[22] Eunbhlling F A,Rasmussen J A,Schon M K.Effects of three phenolic acids on chlorophyll content and growth of soybean and grain sorghum seedlings[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1979,5(5):815-824
[23] Woodward F I.Stomatal numbers are sensitive to increases in CO2 from pre-industrial levels[J].Nature,1987,327(6123):617-618
[24] Hetherington A M,Woodward F I.The role of stomata in sensing and driving environmental change[J].Nature,2003,424(6951):901-908
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