上海市臭氧污染的大气环流客观分型研究
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摘要
利用T-mode主成分分析法(PCT)对上海2013—2017年3—10月925 hPa低层位势高度和全风速场进行大样本客观分型,总结了有利于和不利于促发上海地面臭氧污染的大气环流类型.发现有利于促发臭氧污染的环流形势都和副高有关,分别为副高控制(HC)和副高西北侧(HW),对应的臭氧超标率分别为68%和24.2%.前者的气象特点表现为辐射最强、温度最高有利于臭氧的光化学生成,臭氧浓度较弱副高形势平均偏高约50%;而后者以西向风为主,呈现明显的输送效应.相反不利于促发臭氧污染的环流类型都和低值系统相关,分别为低压北侧(LN)、低压东侧(LE)和低压西侧(LW),臭氧超标率均低于7%.其中LN影响下上海水平风速最大、扩散条件最好,不利于臭氧积聚;LE和LW影响下上海多云雨天气导致辐射降低,抑制了臭氧的光化学生成.
In this article, the obliquely rotated T-mode principal component analysis(PCT) method was applied for synoptic classification related to surface ozone pollution in Shanghai based on NCEP reanalysis data(i.e. geopotential height and u、v wind) from 2013 to 2017. The results showed that the ozone pollution occurrence in Shanghai was mostly related to subtropical high, described as two typical patterns of subtropical high control(HC) and north-west to high(HW), with the ozone non-attainment ratio of 68% and 24.2% respectively. The strongest radiation and the highest temperature were both revealed under HC controls compared to that under other circulation patterns, indicating the meteorology of HC was most favorable for ozone photochemical production. The ozone concentration under HC simulated by WRF-CHEM model was 50% higher than that under weak subtropical high due to different meteorological conditions. The meteorology of HW was characterized as relative lower radiation but much more west winds, which was illustrated to be very conductive to the transportation of ozone and its precursors from upstream area. On the other hand, low ozone situations were mostly occurred with the relation to low pressure systems, named as three patterns of north to low(LN), east to low(LE) and west to low(LW) with the ratio of ozone non-attainment less than 7%. Under LN, the wind speed was highest leading to the strongest capacity for ozone dispersion. While under the LE and LW, more precipitations and clouds were observed to reduce solar radiation dramatically, thus inhibiting the ozone photochemical production.
In this article, the obliquely rotated T-mode principal component analysis(PCT) method was applied for synoptic classification related to surface ozone pollution in Shanghai based on NCEP reanalysis data(i.e. geopotential height and u、v wind) from 2013 to 2017. The results showed that the ozone pollution occurrence in Shanghai was mostly related to subtropical high, described as two typical patterns of subtropical high control(HC) and north-west to high(HW), with the ozone non-attainment ratio of 68% and 24.2% respectively. The strongest radiation and the highest temperature were both revealed under HC controls compared to that under other circulation patterns, indicating the meteorology of HC was most favorable for ozone photochemical production. The ozone concentration under HC simulated by WRF-CHEM model was 50% higher than that under weak subtropical high due to different meteorological conditions. The meteorology of HW was characterized as relative lower radiation but much more west winds, which was illustrated to be very conductive to the transportation of ozone and its precursors from upstream area. On the other hand, low ozone situations were mostly occurred with the relation to low pressure systems, named as three patterns of north to low(LN), east to low(LE) and west to low(LW) with the ratio of ozone non-attainment less than 7%. Under LN, the wind speed was highest leading to the strongest capacity for ozone dispersion. While under the LE and LW, more precipitations and clouds were observed to reduce solar radiation dramatically, thus inhibiting the ozone photochemical production.
引文
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Gao W, Tie X X, Xu J M, et al. 2017. Long-term trend of O3 in a mega City (Shanghai), China: Characteristics,causes, and interactions with precursors [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 603-604: 425-433
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Lu X, Hong J Y, Zhang L, et al. 2018. Severe surface ozone pollution in China: A global perspective [J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 5(8): 487-494
马志强,王跃思,张小玲,等. 2011. 北京城区与下游地区臭氧对比研究[J]. 环境科学, 32(4): 924-929
孟祥谦,胡顺星,曹开法,等. 2011. 大别山区和合肥城郊地面臭氧、气溶胶测量结果分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 6 (1): 75-82
Miao Y C, Guo J P, Liu S H, et al. 2017. Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their associations with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17:3097-3110
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Stefan S, Necula C, Georgescu F. 2010. Analysis of long-range transport of particulate matters in connection with air circulation over Central and Eastern part of Europe[J]. Physics & Chemistry of the Earth, 35(9):523-529
Tie X X, Geng F H, Peng L, et al. 2009. Measurement and modeling of O3 variability in Shanghai, China; application of the WRF-Chemmodel [J]. Atmosphere Environment, 43: 4289-4302
王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等. 2015.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 31(3): 32-37
王磊,刘端阳,韩桂荣,等. 2018.南京地区近地面臭氧浓度与气象条件关系研究[J]. 环境科学学报,38(4):1285-1296
Wang T, Cheung T F, Lam K S, et al. 2001.A study of surface ozone and the relation to complex wind flow in Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 35(18):3203-3215
Wang T, Nie W, Gao J, et al. 2010. Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10: 7603-7615
Wang T, Xue L K, Brimblecombe P, et al. 2017. Ozone pollution in China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 575: 1582-1596
王杨君,李莉,冯加良,等. 2014. 基于OSAT方法对上海2010年夏季臭氧源解析的数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,34(3):567-573
魏凤英. 2007. 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社
许建明, 常炉予, 马井会, 等. 2016. 上海秋冬季PM2.5污染天气形势的客观分型研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 36(12): 4303-4314
Xu J M, Chang L Y, Qu Y H, et al.2016.The meteorological modulation on PM2.5 interannual oscillation during 2013 to 2015 in Shanghai, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 572:1138-1149
严仁嫦,叶辉,林旭,等. 2018. 杭州市臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报, 38(3):1128-1136
严茹莎,李莉,安静宇,等. 2016. 夏季长三角地区臭氧非线性响应曲面模型的建立及应用[J].环境科学学报,36(4):1383-1392
张国琏, 甄新蓉, 谈建国, 等. 2010. 影响上海市空气质量的地面天气类型及气象要素分析[J]. 热带气象学报, 26(1):124-128
张亮, 朱彬, 高晋徽, 等. 2015. 长江三角洲夏季一次典型臭氧污染过程的模拟[J].环境科学, 36(11):3981-3988
Zhang J P, Zhu T, Zhang Q H, et al. 2012. The impact of circulation patterns on regional transport pathways and air quality over Beijing and its surroundings [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12(11):5031-5053
赵辰航, 耿福海, 马承愚, 等. 2015. 上海地区光化学污染中气溶胶特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 35(2): 356-363
Zhou G Q, Xu J M, Xie Y, et al. 2018. Numerical air quality forecasting over eastern China: An operational application of WRF-Chem [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 153: 94-108
常炉予, 许建明, 周广强, 等. 2016. 上海典型持续性PM2.5重度污染的数值模拟[J].环境科学, 37(3): 825-833
Chen X, Wang Z, Li J, et al. 2018. Simulation on different response characteristics of aerosol particle number concentration and mass concentration to emission changes over mainland China [J]. Science of The Total Environment, 643: 692-703
程念亮, 李云婷, 张大伟, 等. 2016. 2014年北京市城区臭氧超标日浓度特征及与气象条件的关系[J]. 环境科学, 37(6):2041-2051
Ding A J, Fu C B, Yang X Q, et al. 2013. Ozone and fine particle in the western Yangtze River Delta: an overview of 1yr data at the SORPES station [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13: 5813-5830
段玉森, 张懿华, 王东方, 等. 2011. 我国部分城市臭氧污染时空分布特征分析[J]. 环境监测管理与技术, 23 (增刊): 34-39
Duan J C, Tan J H, Yang L, et al. 2008. Concentration, sources and ozone formation potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during ozone episode in Beijing [J]. Atmospheric Research, 88: 25-35
Gao J, Wang T, Ding A, et al. 2005. Observational study of ozone and carbon monoxide at the summit of mount Tai (1534 m a.s.l.) in central-eastern China [J]. Atmospheric Environmental, 39: 4779-4791
Gao Y, Zhang M. 2012. Sensitivity analysis of surface ozone to emission controls in Beijing and its neighboring area during the 2008 Olympic Games [J]. Journal of Environmental Science, 24: 50-61
Gao W, Tie X X, Xu J M, et al. 2017. Long-term trend of O3 in a mega City (Shanghai), China: Characteristics,causes, and interactions with precursors [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 603-604: 425-433
Huth R. 1996. An inter comparison of computer-assisted circulation classification methods [J]. International Journal of Climatology,16(8):893-922
Huth R, Beck C, Philipp A, et al. 2008. Classifications of atmospheric circulation patterns [J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1146(1): 105-152
Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, et al. 1996. The NCEP /NCAR 40-year reanalysis project [J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3): 437-471
Liao Z H, Gao M, Sun J R, et al. 2017. The impact of synoptic circulation on air quality and pollution-related human health in the Yangtze River Delta region [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 607-608:838-846
林燕芬, 王茜, 伏晴艳, 等. 2017. 上海市臭氧污染时空分布及影响因素[J].中国环境监测, 33(4): 60-67
Lu X, Hong J Y, Zhang L, et al. 2018. Severe surface ozone pollution in China: A global perspective [J]. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 5(8): 487-494
马志强,王跃思,张小玲,等. 2011. 北京城区与下游地区臭氧对比研究[J]. 环境科学, 32(4): 924-929
孟祥谦,胡顺星,曹开法,等. 2011. 大别山区和合肥城郊地面臭氧、气溶胶测量结果分析[J]. 大气与环境光学学报, 6 (1): 75-82
Miao Y C, Guo J P, Liu S H, et al. 2017. Classification of summertime synoptic patterns in Beijing and their associations with boundary layer structure affecting aerosol pollution[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17:3097-3110
Ran L, Zhao C, Geng F, et al. 2009. Ozone photochemical production in urban Shanghai, China: Analysis based on ground level observation [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, D15301, doi:10.1029/2008JD010752
Stefan S, Necula C, Georgescu F. 2010. Analysis of long-range transport of particulate matters in connection with air circulation over Central and Eastern part of Europe[J]. Physics & Chemistry of the Earth, 35(9):523-529
Tie X X, Geng F H, Peng L, et al. 2009. Measurement and modeling of O3 variability in Shanghai, China; application of the WRF-Chemmodel [J]. Atmosphere Environment, 43: 4289-4302
王闯,王帅,杨碧波,等. 2015.气象条件对沈阳市环境空气臭氧浓度影响研究[J]. 中国环境监测, 31(3): 32-37
王磊,刘端阳,韩桂荣,等. 2018.南京地区近地面臭氧浓度与气象条件关系研究[J]. 环境科学学报,38(4):1285-1296
Wang T, Cheung T F, Lam K S, et al. 2001.A study of surface ozone and the relation to complex wind flow in Hong Kong[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 35(18):3203-3215
Wang T, Nie W, Gao J, et al. 2010. Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10: 7603-7615
Wang T, Xue L K, Brimblecombe P, et al. 2017. Ozone pollution in China: A review of concentrations, meteorological influences, chemical precursors, and effects [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 575: 1582-1596
王杨君,李莉,冯加良,等. 2014. 基于OSAT方法对上海2010年夏季臭氧源解析的数值模拟研究[J].环境科学学报,34(3):567-573
魏凤英. 2007. 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社
许建明, 常炉予, 马井会, 等. 2016. 上海秋冬季PM2.5污染天气形势的客观分型研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 36(12): 4303-4314
Xu J M, Chang L Y, Qu Y H, et al.2016.The meteorological modulation on PM2.5 interannual oscillation during 2013 to 2015 in Shanghai, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 572:1138-1149
严仁嫦,叶辉,林旭,等. 2018. 杭州市臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析[J].环境科学学报, 38(3):1128-1136
严茹莎,李莉,安静宇,等. 2016. 夏季长三角地区臭氧非线性响应曲面模型的建立及应用[J].环境科学学报,36(4):1383-1392
张国琏, 甄新蓉, 谈建国, 等. 2010. 影响上海市空气质量的地面天气类型及气象要素分析[J]. 热带气象学报, 26(1):124-128
张亮, 朱彬, 高晋徽, 等. 2015. 长江三角洲夏季一次典型臭氧污染过程的模拟[J].环境科学, 36(11):3981-3988
Zhang J P, Zhu T, Zhang Q H, et al. 2012. The impact of circulation patterns on regional transport pathways and air quality over Beijing and its surroundings [J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12(11):5031-5053
赵辰航, 耿福海, 马承愚, 等. 2015. 上海地区光化学污染中气溶胶特征研究[J]. 中国环境科学, 35(2): 356-363
Zhou G Q, Xu J M, Xie Y, et al. 2018. Numerical air quality forecasting over eastern China: An operational application of WRF-Chem [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 153: 94-108
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