牛栏江—草海补水与西园隧洞协同运行方案研究
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摘要
滇池草海是昆明城区居民休闲娱乐的重要场所和城市名片。为加快草海水体循环与交换、提升湖区水环境质量,近期陆续实施了牛栏江—草海应急补水工程、新老运粮河水体净化生态工程、海埂大堤水体置换通道工程和西园隧洞工程,为草海环湖截污和清污分流提供了必要的水资源条件,实现了湖区清污水的分向流动,缩短了清流区水体的换水周期。工程协同运行结果表明:草海清流区水质与牛栏江来水状况线性相关性显著,TP浓度主要受牛栏江来水影响与控制,TN浓度受入湖河流水质影响显著;清流区水质浓度与西园隧洞工程排水量相关性显著,并随着排水量增加呈现明显的改善趋势;牛栏江—草海补水工程适宜的补水规模为3.0 m~3/s,在通过海埂大堤水体置换通道排水维持湖面良好水景观的同时,牛栏江来水应尽可能通过西园隧洞出口排水,以便最大程度地发挥草海各项水污染治理工程的综合效益。
In order to speed up water circulation and exchange in Caohai Lake and improve water quality in the lake, a series of projects were implemented in succession, including Niulan River-Caohai emergency water supplement project, water eco-compositive purifying project in old and new Yunliang River, Haigeng bank water replacement channel project, and Xiyuan tunnel project, all of which provide necessary water resource for sewage interception and separated drainage. As a result, the sewage and clear water in the lake area is separated and water exchange cycle is shortened. The results of coordinated operation of projects show that: ① there is a significant linear correlation between water quality of the clear water area of Caohai Lake and water from the Niulan River, and TP concentration is mainly affected and determined by the water coming from the Niulan River while TN is influenced by the quality of water coming from the rivers in the lake basin; ②the water quality in clear water zone is highly correlated with the water discharge quantity coming from Xiyuan tunnel project, and it tends to be well improved as discharge quantity goes up; ③the appropriate water replenishment by Niulan-Caohai project is suggested as 3.0 m~3/s; although Haigeng bank water replacement channel project helps maintain a favorable water landscape, the water coming from the Niulan River should be discharged by Xiyuan tunnel so as to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of Caohai water pollution control projects.
In order to speed up water circulation and exchange in Caohai Lake and improve water quality in the lake, a series of projects were implemented in succession, including Niulan River-Caohai emergency water supplement project, water eco-compositive purifying project in old and new Yunliang River, Haigeng bank water replacement channel project, and Xiyuan tunnel project, all of which provide necessary water resource for sewage interception and separated drainage. As a result, the sewage and clear water in the lake area is separated and water exchange cycle is shortened. The results of coordinated operation of projects show that: ① there is a significant linear correlation between water quality of the clear water area of Caohai Lake and water from the Niulan River, and TP concentration is mainly affected and determined by the water coming from the Niulan River while TN is influenced by the quality of water coming from the rivers in the lake basin; ②the water quality in clear water zone is highly correlated with the water discharge quantity coming from Xiyuan tunnel project, and it tends to be well improved as discharge quantity goes up; ③the appropriate water replenishment by Niulan-Caohai project is suggested as 3.0 m~3/s; although Haigeng bank water replacement channel project helps maintain a favorable water landscape, the water coming from the Niulan River should be discharged by Xiyuan tunnel so as to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of Caohai water pollution control projects.
引文
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[17] 张仁锋.河口前置库系统净化滇池河水示范工程研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009:58-60.
[18] 马巍,廖文根,匡尚富,等.大型浅水湖泊纳污能力核算的风场设计条件分析[J].水利学报,2009,40(11):1313-1318.
[19] 马巍,浦承松,罗佳翠,等.滇池水动力特性及其对北岸蓝藻堆积驱动影响[J].水利学报,2013,44(S1):22-27.
[2] 徐晓梅,吴雪,何佳,等.滇池流域水污染特征(1988～2014年)及防治对策[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(3):476-484.
[3] 何佳,徐晓梅,杨艳,等.滇池水环境综合治理成效与存在问题[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(2):195-199.
[4] 贺克雕.滇池水质状况综合评价及变化趋势分析[J].人民长江,2012,43(12):37-41.
[5] 周宏斌,何佳,张英,等.湖滨城市供排水平衡分析及对策:以昆明市为例[J].环境科学导刊,2015(2):44-47.
[6] 王杰,毛建忠,谢永红,等.2008～2014年滇池水质时空变化特征分析[J].人民长江,2018,49(5):11-15.
[7] 马巍,李锦秀,田向荣,等.滇池水污染治理及防治对策研究[J].2007,5(1):8-14.
[8] 杨琳琳,李波,南箔,等.滇池水质演变过程[C]//中国水治理与可持续发展研究,2012:133-136.
[9] 周圆,杨树平,黄俊,等.滇池草海水质变化趋势和特征污染物分析[J].环境科学导刊,2015,34(2):20-21.
[10] 徐天宝,马巍,黄伟.牛栏江—滇池补水工程改善滇池水环境效果预测[J].人民长江,2013,44(12):11-13,40.
[11] 施凤宁,胡涛,刘帮波,等.滇池主要污染河流污染物现状及治理对策[J].人民长江,2013,44 (S1):129-131.
[12] 王铎.滇池流域污染源归因识别与新时期治理策略[J].绿色科技,2017(2):28-30.
[13] 李跃勋,徐晓梅,何佳,等.滇池流域点源污染控制与存在问题解析[J].湖泊科学,2010,22(5):633-639.
[14] 白昆生.昆明市采取工程措施治理滇池污染[J].水利水电技术,1997,28(5):55-58.
[15] 姚云辉,崔松云,马巍,等.滇池草海水动力特性及牛栏江补水规模适宜性研究[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(11):41-45.
[16] 宋培忠.牛栏江-滇池补水工程水质影响模拟与评价[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2015:24-33.
[17] 张仁锋.河口前置库系统净化滇池河水示范工程研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2009:58-60.
[18] 马巍,廖文根,匡尚富,等.大型浅水湖泊纳污能力核算的风场设计条件分析[J].水利学报,2009,40(11):1313-1318.
[19] 马巍,浦承松,罗佳翠,等.滇池水动力特性及其对北岸蓝藻堆积驱动影响[J].水利学报,2013,44(S1):22-27.
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