大陆岩石圈流变学研究的发展现状与前景
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摘要
板块构造登陆导致大陆动力学的兴起,但大陆动力学迄今在理论上尚无长足发展,究其原因是大陆构造的复杂性,这一复杂性取决于大陆岩石圈复杂的流变学结构(纵向分层和横向不均一)。因此,大陆岩石圈流变学研究是大陆动力学的核心,并成为发展大陆动力学、完善板块构造理论的关键研究领域,同时对构造地质学学科发展具有推动作用,并在资源形成和地震机理方面具有实际意义。本文在阐述了岩石圈流变学的发展与现状的基础上,较详细分析了大陆流变学的核心内容:大陆岩石圈流变学结构特征,大陆物质的本构方程及大陆流变学特性对大陆变形与构造演化的影响。本文还总结了我国开展大陆流变学的基础和条件,对未来研究进行了展望:1)形成常态的多尺度-多手段-多学科-多部门的联合研究;2)缩小量子力学和岩石/矿物流变结构研究间的差距; 3)从全球尺度物质流动着手,构建以流变学为基础的大陆动力学模型。
Landing of the Plate Tectonics gave the birth of the Continental Dynamics, but Continental Dynamics has had no significant development in theory until now. This is because the complexity of the continental structures and tectonics, and this complexity results from the complicated rheological structures of the continental lithosphere(vertical zonation and horizontal heterogeneity). Therefore, the Rheology of Continental Lithosphere is the key study field for developing Continental Dynamics and improving Plate Tectonics. This study also promotes development of the discipline of Structural Geology, and has practical significance in natural resources and earthquake. Based on the descriptions of evolution and status, this paper makes a thorough analysis of the core studies of the continental lithospheric rheology, the rheological structures of continental lithosphere, the constitutive equation of continental material, and effects of rheological properties on continental deformation and tectonics. Finally, the authors analyze the basis and condition for carrying out study of continental rheology in China, and propose the opinions for the future research: forming regular joint study of multiple-scales,-methods,-disciplines, and-institutions; bridging the gap between quantum mechanics and microstructural analysis; starting from global scale flow to constructing continental dynamic models based on rheology.
Landing of the Plate Tectonics gave the birth of the Continental Dynamics, but Continental Dynamics has had no significant development in theory until now. This is because the complexity of the continental structures and tectonics, and this complexity results from the complicated rheological structures of the continental lithosphere(vertical zonation and horizontal heterogeneity). Therefore, the Rheology of Continental Lithosphere is the key study field for developing Continental Dynamics and improving Plate Tectonics. This study also promotes development of the discipline of Structural Geology, and has practical significance in natural resources and earthquake. Based on the descriptions of evolution and status, this paper makes a thorough analysis of the core studies of the continental lithospheric rheology, the rheological structures of continental lithosphere, the constitutive equation of continental material, and effects of rheological properties on continental deformation and tectonics. Finally, the authors analyze the basis and condition for carrying out study of continental rheology in China, and propose the opinions for the future research: forming regular joint study of multiple-scales,-methods,-disciplines, and-institutions; bridging the gap between quantum mechanics and microstructural analysis; starting from global scale flow to constructing continental dynamic models based on rheology.
引文
国家自然科学基金委员会,中国科学院.2017.中国学科发展战略·板块构造与大陆动力学[M].北京:科学出版社.
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刘俊来.2004.变形岩石的显微构造与岩石圈流变学[J].地质通报,23(9-10):980-985.
王勤.2016.橄榄石的同系温度T/Tm:对上地幔蠕变与橄榄石组构转变的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,46(5):618-638.
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GUEYDAN F,PRECIGOUT J,MONTESI L G J.2014a.Strain weakening enables continental plate tectonics[J].Tectonophysics,631(SI):189-196.
GUEYDAN F,PRECIGOUT J.2014b.Modes of continental rifting as a function of ductile strain localization in the lithospheric mantle[J].Tectonophysics,612-613(3):18-25.
HIRTH G,BEELER N M.2015.The role of fluid pressure on frictional behavior at the base of the seismogenic zone[J].Geology,43(3):223-226.
HOBBS B,ORD A.2015.Structural Geology:The Mechanics of Deforming Metamorphic Rocks,Volume I:Principles[M].Amsterdam:Elsevier:665.
HUANG M H,BURGMANN R,FREED A M.2014.Probing the lithospheric rheology across the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,396:88-96,doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.003.
HUNTINGTON K W,KLEPEIS K A.2018.Challenges and Opportunities for Research in Tectonics[C]//Department of Earth and Space Sciences Faculty Research.
JACKSON J.2002.Faulting,flow,and the strength of the continental lithosphere[J].International Geology Review,44(1):39-61.
JAEGER J C,COOK N G W.1969.Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics[M].London:Methuen.
JIN Zhen-min,YAO Yu-peng.2004.Beyond Plate Tectonics:What Do We Do in Structural Geology?[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geoscience,29(6):644-650(in Chinese with English abstract).
KIDDER S,HIRTH G,AVOUAC J P,BEHR W.2016.The influence of stress history on the grain size and microstructure of experimentally deformed quartzite[J].Journal of Structural Geology,83:194-206,doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2015.12.004.
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LE PAPE F,JONES A G,UNSWORTH M J,VOZAR J,WEI W B,JIN S,YE G F,JING J N,DONG H,ZHANG L T.2015.Constraints on the evolution of crustal flow beneath Northern Tibet[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,16(12):4237-4260.
LIAO J,WANG Q,GERYA T,BALLMER M D.2017.Modeling craton destruction by hydration-induced weakening of the upper mantle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,122:7449-7466,https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014157.
LIU C,ZHU B J,YANG X L,SHI Y L.2015.Crustal rheology control on earthquake activity across the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Insights from numerical modeling[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,100:20-30,doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.01.001.
LIU G,ZHOU Y S,SONG J,HE C R.2012.Microstructures and melt characteristics of deformed quartz diorite under high temperature and high pressure[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(3):1005-1016.
LIU Jun-lai.2004.Microstructures of deformed rocks and rheology of the lithosphere[J].Geological Bulletin of China,23(9-10):980-985[0](in Chinese with English abstract).
LYAKHOVSKY V,SAGY A,BONEH Y,RECHES Z E.2014.Fault wear by damage evolution during steady-state slip[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,171(11):3143-3157,https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0787-x.
MARUYAMA S.1994.Plume Tectonics[J].Geological Survey of Japan,100(1):24-49.
MEI S,SUZUKI A M,KOHLSTEDT D L,DIXON N A,DURHAM W B.2010.Experimental constraints on the strength of the lithospheric mantle[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth,115,B08204,doi:10.1029/2009JB006873.
MENEGON L,PENNACCHIONI G,MALASPINA N,HARRIS K,WOOD E.2017.Earthquakes as precursors of ductile shear zones in the dry and strong lower crust[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,18:4356-4374,https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007189.
MORGAN W J,SERIES C R.1968.Rises,Trenches,Great Faults,and Crustal Blocks[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,73(6):1959-182.
National Research Council(NRC).2008.Origin and evolution of earth:Researh questions for a changing planet[M].Washington D C:National Academy Press:138.
National Science Foundation of China,Chinese Academy of Science.2017.Strategic Plan for Development of Disciplines:Plate Tectonics and Continental Dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press[0](in Chinese).
National Science Foundation of USA(NSF).2003.New Departures in Structural Geology and Tectonics[OL/EB].[2018-05-16].http://www.pangea.stanford.edu/~dpollard/NSF/.
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