基于湖泊与出入湖水质关联性研究:以鄱阳湖为例
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摘要
基于1996～2016年鄱阳湖及出入湖水质数据,解析了鄱阳湖与出入湖河流水质间关联及影响因素.结果表明TN和TP是引起鄱阳湖水质下降的主要因子,其中,1996～2003年,鄱阳湖及出入湖水质总体较好,但呈下降趋势,主要受流域污染负荷增加影响; 2004～2011年,水质继续下降,"五河"水质下降明显,并引起鄱阳湖水质下降;由于鄱阳湖较强的水质净化能力,其出湖水质相对较好,该阶段水质下降受流域污染负荷增加与水文条件变化共同影响; 2012～2016年,水质进一步下降,入湖河流水质快速下降及来水量减少,使鄱阳湖水质净化能力降低,进而导致出湖水质也有所下降,该阶段鄱阳湖水质下降仍受流域污染负荷增加与水文条件变化共同影响.由此可见,入湖河流与鄱阳湖水质关联密切,南部和东部湖区TN浓度明显高于西部湖区,主要与赣江和信江TN负荷输入有关;南部湖区TP浓度明显高于东部和西部湖区,主要与赣江和抚河TP负荷较高有关.相对于水文条件变化,流域污染增加对湖泊水污染贡献更明显.
The relationships between inflow and outflow water quality data for Poyang Lake from 1996 to 2016 are discussed and the main influencing factors are identified. TN and TP were the main factors causing a decline in water quality in Poyang Lake during the study period. The water quality of both the inflow and outflow rivers was generally good between 1996 and 2003; however,water quality declined over the study period,which is attributed to an increase in nutrients loads in the watershed. From 2004 to 2011,the water quality of the "Five Rivers"decreased significantly,which caused the water quality of Poyang Lake to decline. Due to the high purification capacity of Poyang Lake,the water quality of the outflow during this period was relatively good. A decline in water quality after this point was affected by pollution loads and hydrological conditions. Specifically,from 2012 to 2016,water quality in Poyang Lake and of the inflow water declined further. This was combined with a decrease in the water-purification capacity of the lake due to changes in the hydrological conditions,resulting in lower water quality at the outflow. Overall,the water quality of the inflow river has been closely related to the water quality in Poyang Lake. The concentrations of TN were significantly higher in the southern and eastern areas of Poyang Lake compared to the western areas. Higher nutrient loading from the Ganjiang River and the Xinjiang River has been an important driver. The concentrations of TP in the southern area of the lake have been significantly higher than in the eastern and western areas. This is attributed to comparatively high TP loads in the Ganjiang River and the Fuhe River. Compared to the changes in hydrological conditions,variations in nutrient loading have had a greater effect on water quality in the lake.
The relationships between inflow and outflow water quality data for Poyang Lake from 1996 to 2016 are discussed and the main influencing factors are identified. TN and TP were the main factors causing a decline in water quality in Poyang Lake during the study period. The water quality of both the inflow and outflow rivers was generally good between 1996 and 2003; however,water quality declined over the study period,which is attributed to an increase in nutrients loads in the watershed. From 2004 to 2011,the water quality of the "Five Rivers"decreased significantly,which caused the water quality of Poyang Lake to decline. Due to the high purification capacity of Poyang Lake,the water quality of the outflow during this period was relatively good. A decline in water quality after this point was affected by pollution loads and hydrological conditions. Specifically,from 2012 to 2016,water quality in Poyang Lake and of the inflow water declined further. This was combined with a decrease in the water-purification capacity of the lake due to changes in the hydrological conditions,resulting in lower water quality at the outflow. Overall,the water quality of the inflow river has been closely related to the water quality in Poyang Lake. The concentrations of TN were significantly higher in the southern and eastern areas of Poyang Lake compared to the western areas. Higher nutrient loading from the Ganjiang River and the Xinjiang River has been an important driver. The concentrations of TP in the southern area of the lake have been significantly higher than in the eastern and western areas. This is attributed to comparatively high TP loads in the Ganjiang River and the Fuhe River. Compared to the changes in hydrological conditions,variations in nutrient loading have had a greater effect on water quality in the lake.
引文
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[23] Deng J L. Introduction to grey system theory[J]. Journal of Grey System,1989,1(1):1-24.
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[25]姚焕玫,黄仁涛,甘复兴,等.用改进的主成分分析法对东湖的水质污染进行评价[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(8):732-735.Yao H M,Huang R T,Gan F X,et al. Principal component analysis of the water quality evaluation in East Lake[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(8):732-735.
[26] Zhang Y M,Zhang Y C,Gao Y X,et al. Water pollution control technology and strategy for river-lake systems:a case study in Gehu Lake and Taige Canal[J]. Ecotoxicology,2011,20(5):1154-1159.
[27]王圣瑞,倪兆奎,储昭升,等.江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究———代“江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究”专栏序言[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1259-1264.Wang S R,Ni Z K,Chu Z S,et al. Studies on the change of the river-lake relationship and its impact on water environment in Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1259-1264.
[28] Huang J,Wang X X,Xi B D,et al. Long-term variations of TN and TP in four lakes fed by Yangtze River at various timescales[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3993-4009.
[29] Du Y L,Peng W Q,Wang S Y,et al. Modeling of water quality evolution and response with the hydrological regime changes in Poyang Lake[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(7):265.
[30] Chen X K,Liu X B,Peng W Q,et al. Hydroclimatic influence on the salinity and water volume of a plateau lake in southwest China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,659:746-755.
[31] Steffen W,Crutzen P J,Mc Neill J R. The anthropocene:are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature[J]. Ambio,2007,36(8):614-621.
[32] Carpenter S R. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems:bistability and soil phosphorus[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(29):10002-10005.
[33] Yang G S,Zhang Q,Wan R R,et al. Lake hydrology,water quality and ecology impacts of altered river-lake interactions:advances in research on the middle Yangtze river[J]. Hydrology Research,2016,47(S1):1-7.
[34] Wang S R,Jiao L X,Yang S W,et al. Effects of organic matter and submerged macrophytes on variations of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions in lake sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,113:355-360.
[35] Ni Z K,Wang S R,Zhang L,et al. Role of hydrological conditions on organic phosphorus forms and their availability in sediments from Poyang Lake,China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(13):10116-10129.
[36] Gao W,Howarth R W,Swaney D P,et al. Enhanced N input to Lake Dianchi Basin from 1980 to 2010:drivers and consequences[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:376-384.
[37] Chen M Q,Chen M J,Lu Y F,et al. The farmers'perceptions of ANPS pollution and its influencing factors in Poyang Lake Region,China[J]. Water Science and Technology,2016,73(7):1591-1598.
[38] Moss L R. Local governments reduce costs through pollution prevention[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2008,16(6):704-708.
[39]刘霞,刘宝贵,陈宇炜,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物叶绿素a及营养盐浓度对水位波动的响应[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2141-2148.Liu X,Liu B G,Chen Y W,et al. Responses of nutrients and chlorophyll a to water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2141-2148.
[40] Guo H,Hu Q,Zhang Q,et al. Effects of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River flow and river interaction with Poyang Lake,China:2003-2008[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,416-417:19-27.
[2] Wang M R,Strokal M,Burek P,et al. Excess nutrient loads to Lake Taihu:opportunities for nutrient reduction[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,664:865-873.
[3] Wang J H,Yang C,He L Q S,et al. Meteorological factors and water quality changes of Plateau Lake Dianchi in China(1990-2015)and their joint influences on cyanobacterial blooms[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019,665:406-418.
[4] D'Haese P C,Douglas G,Verhulst A,et al. Human health risk associated with the management of phosphorus in freshwaters using lanthanum and aluminium[J]. Chemosphere,2019,220:286-299.
[5] Li Y P,Tang C Y,Yu Z B,et al. Correlations between algae and water quality:factors driving eutrophication in Lake Taihu,China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2014,11(1):169-182.
[6] Cui N X,Wu J,Dai Y R,et al. Influence of nitrogen loading and flooding on seedling emergence and recruitment from a seed bank in Chaohu Lake Basin,China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(28):22688-22697.
[7] Zhang X K,Li B L,Xu H,et al. Effect of micronutrients on algae in different regions of Taihu,a large,spatially diverse,hypereutrophic lake[J]. Water Research,2019,151:500-514.
[8]李恒鹏,陈伟民,杨桂山,等.基于湖库水质目标的流域氮、磷减排与分区管理———以天目湖沙河水库为例[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(6):785-798.Li H P,Chen W M,Yang G S,et al. Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emission and zoning management targeting at water quality of lake or reservoir systems:a case study of Shahe Reservoir within Tianmuhu Reservoir area[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2013,25(6):785-798.
[9] Li B,Yang G S,Wan R R,et al. Using fuzzy theory and variable weights for water quality evaluation in Poyang Lake,China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2017,27(1):39-51.
[10] Wu Z S,Cai Y J,Zhang L,et al. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities in water quality and their potential drivers in Lake Poyang(China)from 2009 to 2015[J]. Limnologica,2018,69:115-124.
[11] Howarth R,Swaney D,Billen G,et al. Nitrogen fluxes from the landscape are controlled by net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs and by climate[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2012,10(1):37-43.
[12] Hong B,Swaney D P,M? rth C M,et al. Evaluating regional variation of net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs(NANI/NAPI),major drivers,nutrient retention pattern and management implications in the multinational areas of Baltic Sea basin[J]. Ecological Modelling,2012,227:117-135.
[13] Duan W L,He B,Nover D,et al. Water quality assessment and pollution source identification of the eastern Poyang Lake Basin using multivariate statistical methods[J]. Sustainability,2016,8(2):133.
[14] Wu Z S,Cai Y J,Liu X,et al. Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton in Lake Poyang:the largest freshwater lake in China[J]. Journal of Great Lakes Research,2013,39(3):476-483.
[15]都达古拉,何江,吕昌伟,等.呼伦湖水-沉积物系统中重金属的含量特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):118-123.Dudagula,He J,LüC W,et al. Distribution of heavy metals in water-sediment system of Hulun Lake,China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(1):118-223.
[16]沈洪艳,张绵绵,倪兆奎,等.鄱阳湖沉积物可转化态氮分布特征及其对江湖关系变化的响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):87-93.Shen H Y, Zhang M M, Ni Z K, et al. Distribution of transferable nitrogen in Poyang Lake sediments and its response to the variation of river-lake relationship[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(1):87-93.
[17] Li B,Yang G S,Wan R R,et al. Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling of a large floodplain lake(Poyang Lake)in China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(35):35084-35098.
[18] Zhang Z X,Chen X,Xu C Y,et al. Examining the influence of river-lake interaction on the drought and water resources in the Poyang Lake basin[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2015,522:510-521.
[19]刘潇,薛莹,纪毓鹏,等.基于主成分分析法的黄河口及其邻近水域水质评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):3187-3192.Liu X,Xue Y,Ji Y P,et al. An assessment of water quality in the Yellow River estuary and its adjacent waters based on principal component analysis[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(10):3187-3192.
[20] Shrestha S,Kazama F. Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques:a case study of the Fuji river basin,Japan[J]. Environmental Modelling&Software,2007,22(4):464-475.
[21] Ip W C,Hu B Q,Wong H,et al. Applications of grey relational method to river environment quality evaluation in China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,379(3-4):284-290.
[22] Huang Y P,Huang C C. The integration and application of fuzzy and grey modeling methods[J]. Fuzzy Sets and Systems,1996,78(1):107-119.
[23] Deng J L. Introduction to grey system theory[J]. Journal of Grey System,1989,1(1):1-24.
[24]王晓鹏.河流水质综合评价之主成分分析方法[J].数理统计与管理,2001,20(4):49-52.Wang X P. The principal component analysis method of the water quality assessment in rivers[J]. Application of Statistics and Management,2001,20(4):49-52.
[25]姚焕玫,黄仁涛,甘复兴,等.用改进的主成分分析法对东湖的水质污染进行评价[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2005,30(8):732-735.Yao H M,Huang R T,Gan F X,et al. Principal component analysis of the water quality evaluation in East Lake[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2005,30(8):732-735.
[26] Zhang Y M,Zhang Y C,Gao Y X,et al. Water pollution control technology and strategy for river-lake systems:a case study in Gehu Lake and Taige Canal[J]. Ecotoxicology,2011,20(5):1154-1159.
[27]王圣瑞,倪兆奎,储昭升,等.江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究———代“江湖关系变化及其对鄱阳湖水环境影响研究”专栏序言[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1259-1264.Wang S R,Ni Z K,Chu Z S,et al. Studies on the change of the river-lake relationship and its impact on water environment in Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1259-1264.
[28] Huang J,Wang X X,Xi B D,et al. Long-term variations of TN and TP in four lakes fed by Yangtze River at various timescales[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(5):3993-4009.
[29] Du Y L,Peng W Q,Wang S Y,et al. Modeling of water quality evolution and response with the hydrological regime changes in Poyang Lake[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences,2018,77(7):265.
[30] Chen X K,Liu X B,Peng W Q,et al. Hydroclimatic influence on the salinity and water volume of a plateau lake in southwest China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2019,659:746-755.
[31] Steffen W,Crutzen P J,Mc Neill J R. The anthropocene:are humans now overwhelming the great forces of nature[J]. Ambio,2007,36(8):614-621.
[32] Carpenter S R. Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems:bistability and soil phosphorus[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(29):10002-10005.
[33] Yang G S,Zhang Q,Wan R R,et al. Lake hydrology,water quality and ecology impacts of altered river-lake interactions:advances in research on the middle Yangtze river[J]. Hydrology Research,2016,47(S1):1-7.
[34] Wang S R,Jiao L X,Yang S W,et al. Effects of organic matter and submerged macrophytes on variations of alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus fractions in lake sediment[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2012,113:355-360.
[35] Ni Z K,Wang S R,Zhang L,et al. Role of hydrological conditions on organic phosphorus forms and their availability in sediments from Poyang Lake,China[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22(13):10116-10129.
[36] Gao W,Howarth R W,Swaney D P,et al. Enhanced N input to Lake Dianchi Basin from 1980 to 2010:drivers and consequences[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2015,505:376-384.
[37] Chen M Q,Chen M J,Lu Y F,et al. The farmers'perceptions of ANPS pollution and its influencing factors in Poyang Lake Region,China[J]. Water Science and Technology,2016,73(7):1591-1598.
[38] Moss L R. Local governments reduce costs through pollution prevention[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2008,16(6):704-708.
[39]刘霞,刘宝贵,陈宇炜,等.鄱阳湖浮游植物叶绿素a及营养盐浓度对水位波动的响应[J].环境科学,2016,37(6):2141-2148.Liu X,Liu B G,Chen Y W,et al. Responses of nutrients and chlorophyll a to water level fluctuations in Poyang Lake[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(6):2141-2148.
[40] Guo H,Hu Q,Zhang Q,et al. Effects of the Three Gorges Dam on Yangtze River flow and river interaction with Poyang Lake,China:2003-2008[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,416-417:19-27.
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