塔里木沙漠公路沿线浅层地下水化学特征
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摘要
为研究新疆塔里木沙漠公路沿线浅层地下水水化学特征及其成因,运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关性分析和离子比值等方法分析研究区2014年20组浅层地下水水样测试结果,并探讨沙漠公路沿线水化学演化过程的主要控制因素。研究结果表明,浅层地下水中主要阴阳离子为SO42-和Na+;TDS介于543.61～10 249.74mg/L,平均值为4 087.58mg/L;pH值的范围在7.11～9.05,平均值为7.87;总硬度超过450 mg/L的水样占95%;地下水水化学类型以SO4·Cl-Na型、SO4·Cl-Na·Mg型和SO4·Cl-Na·Ca型为主;地下水中SO42-和Na+是TDS的主要来源,且SO42-和Na+主要来源于岩盐或蒸发岩溶解;各主要离子间均有较好的相关性,其来源具有一致性;大气降水作用对研究区地下水化学组分几乎没有影响,地下水主要受蒸发浓缩和岩石风化作用影响;地下水中主要离子来源受硅酸盐岩和蒸发盐岩风化溶解影响较大,同时受到碳酸盐岩的溶解和阳离子交换作用影响。
Desert Highway in Xinjiang,we analyzed the test data of 20 groundwater samples in the study area in 2014 and explored the major controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution processes along the highway by means of mathematical statistics,Piper triangular diagrams,Gibbs figure,correlation analysis,and ion ratios.The results showed that the major anions and cations in the shallow groundwater were SO42-and Na+.The total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration ranged from 543.61 to10 249.74 mg/L with an average value of 4 087.58 mg/L.The pH ranged from 7.11 to 9.05 with an average value of 7.87.95% of the water samples had a total hardness above 450 mg/L.The major hydrochemical types of groundwater were SO4·Cl-Na,SO4·Cl-Na·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na·Ca.SO42-and Na+ were the main sources of TDS,and they were mainly derived from rock salt or evaporite dissolution.All the major ions had good correlation with each other,and their sources were consistent.Atmospheric precipitation had little effect on the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area.The groundwater was mainly affected by evaporation and rock weathering.The main ion source in groundwater was greatly affected by the weathering and dissolution of silicate rock and evaporite rock.It was also affected by the dissolution of carbonate rock and cation exchange.
Desert Highway in Xinjiang,we analyzed the test data of 20 groundwater samples in the study area in 2014 and explored the major controlling factors of the hydrochemical evolution processes along the highway by means of mathematical statistics,Piper triangular diagrams,Gibbs figure,correlation analysis,and ion ratios.The results showed that the major anions and cations in the shallow groundwater were SO42-and Na+.The total dissolved solids(TDS)concentration ranged from 543.61 to10 249.74 mg/L with an average value of 4 087.58 mg/L.The pH ranged from 7.11 to 9.05 with an average value of 7.87.95% of the water samples had a total hardness above 450 mg/L.The major hydrochemical types of groundwater were SO4·Cl-Na,SO4·Cl-Na·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na·Ca.SO42-and Na+ were the main sources of TDS,and they were mainly derived from rock salt or evaporite dissolution.All the major ions had good correlation with each other,and their sources were consistent.Atmospheric precipitation had little effect on the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area.The groundwater was mainly affected by evaporation and rock weathering.The main ion source in groundwater was greatly affected by the weathering and dissolution of silicate rock and evaporite rock.It was also affected by the dissolution of carbonate rock and cation exchange.
引文
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[7]李江风.塔克拉玛干沙漠和周边山区天气气候[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:201-574.(LI J F.Weather and climate in the Taklimakan Desert and surrounding mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:201-574.(in Chinese))
[8]范敬龙,雷加强,金小军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠浅层地下水位对单井抽水的响应过程研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):45-50.(FAN J L,LEI J Q,JIN X J,et al.Response process of shallow groundwater level to single well pumping in Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(9):45-50.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2012.09.033.
[9]张利田,陈静生.我国河水主要离子组成与区域自然条件的关系[J].地理科学,2000,20(3):236-240.(ZHANG L T,CHEN J S.The relationship between the composition of the major ion of river of China and regional natural factors[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2000,20(3):236-240.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.007.
[10]高业新,王贵玲,刘花台,等.石羊河流域的水化学特征及其地表水与地下水的相互转化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):84-88.(GAO Y X,WANG G L,LIU H T,et al.Analysis the interaction between the unconfined groundwater and surface water based on the chemical information along the Shiyang river,northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(6):84-88.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2006.06.016.
[11]郜银梁,陈军锋,张成才,等.黑河中游灌区水化学空间变异特征[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(4):575-583.(GAO Y L,CHEN J F,ZHANG C C,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of the irrigation area in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(4):575-583.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2011.04.003.
[12] LASAGA A C,SOLER J M,GANOR J,et al.Chemical weathering rate laws and global geochemical cycles[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(10):2361-2386.DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90016-7.
[13]张艳,吴勇,杨军.阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3230-3237.(ZHANG Y,WU Y,YANG J.Hydrochemical characteristics and reasoning analysis in Siyi town,Langzhong city[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3230-3237.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13227j.hjkx.2015.09.014.
[14] JALALI M.Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region,Alvand,Hamadan,Iran[J].Environmental Geology,2006,51(3):433-446.DOI:10.1007/s00254-006-0338-6.
[15]栾风娇,周金龙,贾瑞亮,等.新疆巴里坤-伊吾盆地地下水水化学特征及成因[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):380-389.(LUAN F J,ZHOU J L,JIA R L,et al.Hydrochemical characteristicsand formation mechanism of groundwater in plain areas of Barkol-Yiwu basin,Xinjiang[J].Envieonmental Chemistry,2017,36(2):380-389.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7524j.issn.0254-6108.2017.02.2016062001.
[16] XIAO J,JIN Z D,ZHANG F.Hydrochemical characteristics,controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region,NW Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary International,2015,380-381(5):237-246.DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.021
[17]孙从建,陈若霞,张子宇,等.山西浅层地下水水化学特性时空变化特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(2):314-324.(SUN C J,CHEN R X,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in Shanxi Province[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(2):314-324.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13826j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2018.02.012.
[18]崔小顺,郑昭贤,程中双,等.穆兴平原北区浅层地下水水化学分布特征及其形成机理[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(4):146-153.(CUI X S,ZHENG Z X,CHENG Z S,et al.Hydrochemical distribution characteristics of shallow groundwater in the north of Muling-Xingkai Plain and their formation mechanism[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(4):146-153.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0108.
[19]李潇瀚,张翼龙,王瑞,等.呼和浩特盆地地下水化学特征及成因[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(4):136-145.(LI X H,ZHANG Y L,WANG R,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in Hohhot basin[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(4):136-145.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0107.
[20]曾妍妍,周金龙,贾瑞亮,等.新疆祁漫塔格地区地表水水化学特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):64-70.(ZENG Y Y,ZHOU J L,JIA R L,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and causes of surface water in Qimantage area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(6):64-70.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2017.180.
[21] ZHOU P P,WANG Z M,ZHANG J Y,et al.Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater along the Taklimakan Desert Highway[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:1378.DOI:10.1007/s12665-016-6204-2.
[2]范敬龙,徐新文,雷加强,等.塔里木沙漠公路沿线地下水流速流向测定[J].工程勘察,2009,37(8):51-55.(FAN J L,XU X W,LEI J Q,et al.Measuring the velocity and direction of groundwater along Tarim Desert Highway[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2009,37(8):51-55.(in Chinese))
[3]范敬龙,徐新文,雷加强,等.塔里木沙漠公路沿线地下水空间变异性及分布规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(10):137-142.(FAN J L,XU X W,LEI J Q,et al.Spatial variability and distribution of groundwater along the Tarim desert highway[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(10):137-142.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2009.10.018.
[4]中国石油天然气总公司塔里木石油勘探开发指挥部.塔里木沙漠石油公路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1996.(China National Petroleum Corporation Tarim Petroleum Exploration and Development Headquarters.Tarim desert oil highway[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1996.(in Chinese))
[5]杜虎林,马振武.塔里木沙漠公路与沙漠油田区域水资源研究及其利用评价[M].北京:海洋出版社,2005.(DU H L,MA Z W.Research and utilization evaluation of regional water resources in Tarim Desert Highway and desert oilfield[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[6]中国科学院塔克拉玛干沙漠综合科学考察队.塔克拉玛干沙漠地区水资源评价与利用[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.(Comprehensive scientific expedition of the taklimakan desert of the chinese academy of sciences.evaluation and utilization of water resources in the taklimakan desert Area[M].Beijing:Science Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[7]李江风.塔克拉玛干沙漠和周边山区天气气候[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:201-574.(LI J F.Weather and climate in the Taklimakan Desert and surrounding mountains[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003:201-574.(in Chinese))
[8]范敬龙,雷加强,金小军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠浅层地下水位对单井抽水的响应过程研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):45-50.(FAN J L,LEI J Q,JIN X J,et al.Response process of shallow groundwater level to single well pumping in Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(9):45-50.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2012.09.033.
[9]张利田,陈静生.我国河水主要离子组成与区域自然条件的关系[J].地理科学,2000,20(3):236-240.(ZHANG L T,CHEN J S.The relationship between the composition of the major ion of river of China and regional natural factors[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2000,20(3):236-240.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.03.007.
[10]高业新,王贵玲,刘花台,等.石羊河流域的水化学特征及其地表水与地下水的相互转化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(6):84-88.(GAO Y X,WANG G L,LIU H T,et al.Analysis the interaction between the unconfined groundwater and surface water based on the chemical information along the Shiyang river,northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2006,20(6):84-88.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2006.06.016.
[11]郜银梁,陈军锋,张成才,等.黑河中游灌区水化学空间变异特征[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(4):575-583.(GAO Y L,CHEN J F,ZHANG C C,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics of the irrigation area in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2011,34(4):575-583.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2011.04.003.
[12] LASAGA A C,SOLER J M,GANOR J,et al.Chemical weathering rate laws and global geochemical cycles[J].Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta,1994,58(10):2361-2386.DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90016-7.
[13]张艳,吴勇,杨军.阆中市思依镇水化学特征及其成因分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3230-3237.(ZHANG Y,WU Y,YANG J.Hydrochemical characteristics and reasoning analysis in Siyi town,Langzhong city[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(9):3230-3237.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13227j.hjkx.2015.09.014.
[14] JALALI M.Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region,Alvand,Hamadan,Iran[J].Environmental Geology,2006,51(3):433-446.DOI:10.1007/s00254-006-0338-6.
[15]栾风娇,周金龙,贾瑞亮,等.新疆巴里坤-伊吾盆地地下水水化学特征及成因[J].环境化学,2017,36(2):380-389.(LUAN F J,ZHOU J L,JIA R L,et al.Hydrochemical characteristicsand formation mechanism of groundwater in plain areas of Barkol-Yiwu basin,Xinjiang[J].Envieonmental Chemistry,2017,36(2):380-389.(in Chinese))DOI:10.7524j.issn.0254-6108.2017.02.2016062001.
[16] XIAO J,JIN Z D,ZHANG F.Hydrochemical characteristics,controlling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region,NW Tibetan Plateau[J].Quaternary International,2015,380-381(5):237-246.DOI:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.021
[17]孙从建,陈若霞,张子宇,等.山西浅层地下水水化学特性时空变化特征分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(2):314-324.(SUN C J,CHEN R X,ZHANG Z Y,et al.Temporal and spatial variation of hydrochemical characteristics of shallow groundwater in Shanxi Province[J].Arid Land Geography,2018,41(2):314-324.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13826j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2018.02.012.
[18]崔小顺,郑昭贤,程中双,等.穆兴平原北区浅层地下水水化学分布特征及其形成机理[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(4):146-153.(CUI X S,ZHENG Z X,CHENG Z S,et al.Hydrochemical distribution characteristics of shallow groundwater in the north of Muling-Xingkai Plain and their formation mechanism[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(4):146-153.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0108.
[19]李潇瀚,张翼龙,王瑞,等.呼和浩特盆地地下水化学特征及成因[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(4):136-145.(LI X H,ZHANG Y L,WANG R,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater in Hohhot basin[J].South-toNorth Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2018,16(4):136-145.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2018.0107.
[20]曾妍妍,周金龙,贾瑞亮,等.新疆祁漫塔格地区地表水水化学特征及成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(6):64-70.(ZENG Y Y,ZHOU J L,JIA R L,et al.Hydrochemical characteristics and causes of surface water in Qimantage area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(6):64-70.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2017.180.
[21] ZHOU P P,WANG Z M,ZHANG J Y,et al.Study on the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater along the Taklimakan Desert Highway[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75:1378.DOI:10.1007/s12665-016-6204-2.
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