基于刺网的淀山湖鱼类群落结构时空变化及网目大小对其产生的影响
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摘要
为分析淀山湖鱼类群落结构的时空差异,探讨月平均气温对物种数以及网目大小对鱼类群落物种组成、大小结构和单位努力捕获量的影响,于2009-2010年采用多网目单层刺网对该湖鱼类进行月份调查.在淀山湖共采集到鱼类28种,隶属于6目8科,其中刀鲚和斑条鱊为优势种.鱼类群落物种组成、单位努力捕获量均无显著空间差异,但在时间上呈现显著差异:1月鱼类物种组成显著不同于其他月份,冬季的单位努力捕获数量(NPUE)显著低于夏秋季,单位努力捕获重量(BPUE)显著低于其他3个季节,每月捕获物种数与月平均气温呈二次多项式函数关系.网目大小显著影响渔获物物种组成和大小结构,2、4、6、8 cm网目网片渔获物聚为一类,10 cm和12 cm网目网片渔获物分别单独聚为一类,斑条鱊、刀鲚、红鳍鲌、鲤、鲢为主要分歧种;2-10 cm网目网片渔获物的大小结构与12 cm网目网片存在显著差异,主要分歧体长组为10-15 cm和40-45 cm.渔获物物种数有随着网目规格增加而呈下降的趋势,NPUE随网目大小增加而呈指数式下降,但BPUE与网目规格无显著函数关系.为对湖泊鱼类群落结构特征进行更加科学地估计,刺网需要增加小网目网片,并与其他网具结合进行调查.(图7表4参40)
Our study aimed to analyze the spatial and monthly differences in fish community structure of Dianshan Lake. We explored the effect of monthly mean air temperature(MMAT) on fish species number. The effect of mesh size on species composition, size structure, and catch per unit effort(CPUE) were also investigated. From 2009 to 2010, using multi-mesh monolayer gillnets, monthly sampling of fishes was conducted at six stations. Using PRIMER 5.0, cluster analysis(CA), and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS), spatial and monthly differences in the fish composition of Dianshan Lake and the effect of mesh size on species composition and size structure of fish assemblages were analyzed. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for seasonal and spatial differences in CPUE. The best models for describing relationships between species number and MMAT, and between CPUE and mesh size were selected. A total of 28 fish species were collected. They belonged to six orders and eight families. The dominant species were Coilia nasus and Acheilognathus taenianalis. There were no significant spatial differences in fish species composition and CPUE, but these parameters differed significantly between seasons. The fish species composition in January was significantly different from that in other months. The number per unit effort(NPUE) in the winter was significantly lower than those in the summer and autumn. The biomass per unit effort(BPUE) in winter was significantly lower than those in the other three seasons. The species number caught per month varied as a quadratic polynomial function of MMAT. Species composition and size structure of catches were significantly influenced by mesh size. The catches collected by nets with a mesh size of 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm clustered into three assemblages, respectively. They were separated by indicator species like A. taenianalis, C. nasus, Chanodichthys erythropterus, Cyprinus carpio, and Chanodichthys erythropterus. The size structure differed significantly between catches sampled with 2-10 cm mesh-size nets and those sampled with 12 cm mesh-size nets. They were divided by indicator body length class of 10-15 cm and 40-45 cm. With the increasing mesh size, cumulative species number tended to decrease and NPUE declined exponentially. However, BPUE showed no significant correlation with mesh size. In order to make a more reliable estimation of the fish community structure of the lakes, we recommend the addition of nets with mesh size less than 2 cm into the multimesh monolayer gillnet and combined utilization with other fishing gears.
Our study aimed to analyze the spatial and monthly differences in fish community structure of Dianshan Lake. We explored the effect of monthly mean air temperature(MMAT) on fish species number. The effect of mesh size on species composition, size structure, and catch per unit effort(CPUE) were also investigated. From 2009 to 2010, using multi-mesh monolayer gillnets, monthly sampling of fishes was conducted at six stations. Using PRIMER 5.0, cluster analysis(CA), and non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS), spatial and monthly differences in the fish composition of Dianshan Lake and the effect of mesh size on species composition and size structure of fish assemblages were analyzed. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for seasonal and spatial differences in CPUE. The best models for describing relationships between species number and MMAT, and between CPUE and mesh size were selected. A total of 28 fish species were collected. They belonged to six orders and eight families. The dominant species were Coilia nasus and Acheilognathus taenianalis. There were no significant spatial differences in fish species composition and CPUE, but these parameters differed significantly between seasons. The fish species composition in January was significantly different from that in other months. The number per unit effort(NPUE) in the winter was significantly lower than those in the summer and autumn. The biomass per unit effort(BPUE) in winter was significantly lower than those in the other three seasons. The species number caught per month varied as a quadratic polynomial function of MMAT. Species composition and size structure of catches were significantly influenced by mesh size. The catches collected by nets with a mesh size of 2, 4, 6, and 8 cm, 10 cm, and 12 cm clustered into three assemblages, respectively. They were separated by indicator species like A. taenianalis, C. nasus, Chanodichthys erythropterus, Cyprinus carpio, and Chanodichthys erythropterus. The size structure differed significantly between catches sampled with 2-10 cm mesh-size nets and those sampled with 12 cm mesh-size nets. They were divided by indicator body length class of 10-15 cm and 40-45 cm. With the increasing mesh size, cumulative species number tended to decrease and NPUE declined exponentially. However, BPUE showed no significant correlation with mesh size. In order to make a more reliable estimation of the fish community structure of the lakes, we recommend the addition of nets with mesh size less than 2 cm into the multimesh monolayer gillnet and combined utilization with other fishing gears.
引文
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4毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞.呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化[J].湖泊科学, 2016, 28(2):387-394[Mao ZG, Gu XH, Zeng QF. The structure of fish community and changes of fishery resources in Lake Hulun[J]. J Lake Sci, 2016, 28(2):387-394]
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13 LI YL, Liu QG, Hu ZJ, Chen LP, Zhao LJ, Wu H, Chen LQ. A comparison between benthic gillnet and bottom trawl for assessing fish assemblages in a shallow eutrophic lake near the Chang jiang River estuary[J]. Chin J Oceanol Limnol, 2018, 36(2):572-586
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2 杨少荣,黎明政,朱其广,王美荣,刘焕章.鄱阳湖鱼类群落结构及其时空动态[J].长江流域资源与环境, 2015, 24(1):54-64[Yang SR, Li MZ, Zhu QG, Wang MR, Liu HZ. Spatial and temporal variations of fish assemblages in Poyang Lake[J]. Resour Environ Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(1):54-64]
3 Ye SW, Li ML, Li L, L JS, Song LR, Li ZJ. Abundance and spatial variability of invasive fishes related to environmental factors in a eutrophic Yunnan Plateau lake, Lake Dianchi, southwestern China[J].Environ Biol Fish, 2015, 98(1):209-224
4毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞.呼伦湖鱼类群落结构及其渔业资源变化[J].湖泊科学, 2016, 28(2):387-394[Mao ZG, Gu XH, Zeng QF. The structure of fish community and changes of fishery resources in Lake Hulun[J]. J Lake Sci, 2016, 28(2):387-394]
5 杨少荣,高欣,马宝珊,孔焰,刘焕章.三峡库区木洞江段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2010, 16(4):555-560[Yang SR, Gao X, Ma BS, Kong Y, Liu HZ. Seasonal dynamics of fish community in Mudong Section of the Three Gorges Reservoir of the Yangtze River, China[J]. Chin J Appl Environ Biol, 2010, 16(4):555-560]
6 Hovgard H, Lassen H. Manual on estimation of selectivity for gillnet and longline gears in abundance surveys[C]. Rome:FAO Fisheries Technical Papers, 2000:84
7 胡忠军,吴昊,陈立侨,刘其根.长江口青草沙水库正式供水前的鱼类群落结构特征[J].水产学报, 2012, 36(8):1234-1241[Hu ZJ, Wu H,Chen LQ, Liu QG. Structure of fish assemblages before drinking water supplies in Qingcaosha Reservoir of Yangtze River Estuary[J]. J Fish Chin, 2012, 36(8):1234-1241]
8 Olin M, Malinen T. Gillnet catch in estimating the density and structure of fish community—Comparison of gillnet and trawl samples in a eutrophic Research lake[J]. Fish Res, 2009, 96:88-94
9 Olin M, Tiainen J, Kurkilahti M, Rask M, Lehtonen H. An evaluation of gillnet CPUE as an index of perch density in small forest lakes[J]. Fish Res, 2016, 173:20-25
10 Shoup DE, Ryswyk RG. Length Selectivity and Size-Bias Correction for the North American Standard Gill Net[J]. N Am J Fish Manage, 2016,36(3):485-496
11 李显森,吴亚飞,尤宗博,张海鹏,孙珊,孙中之,朱建成.渤海口吓蛄三重刺网渔获物组成及其捕捞性能分析[J].海洋渔业, 2016, 5(38):516-524[Li XS, Wu YF, You ZB, Zhang HP, Sun S, Sun ZZ, Zhu JC.Analysis on the the catch composition by trammel net and its fishing performance for Oratosquilla oratoria in the Bohai Sea[J]. Mar Fish,2016, 5(38):516-524]
12 李亚雷,吴昊,刘其根,陈立侨,胡忠军.单层刺网不同网目渔获组成——以上海青草沙水库为例[J].应用生态报, 2015, 26(8):2518-2524[Li YL, Wu H, Liu QG, Chen LQ, Hu ZJ. Catch composition of monofilament gillnet netting with different mesh sizes in Qingcaosha Reservoir, Shanghai, China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2015, 26(8):2518-2524]
13 LI YL, Liu QG, Hu ZJ, Chen LP, Zhao LJ, Wu H, Chen LQ. A comparison between benthic gillnet and bottom trawl for assessing fish assemblages in a shallow eutrophic lake near the Chang jiang River estuary[J]. Chin J Oceanol Limnol, 2018, 36(2):572-586
14 王丽卿,陈婧蕾,郑小燕,王岩,成永旭.淀山湖轮虫多样性及生物量时空变化[J].水产学报, 2008, 32(6):906-914[Wang LQ, Chen JL,Zheng XY, Wang Y, Cheng YX. Diversity and seasonal dynamics of rotifer in Dianshan Lake[J]. J Fish Chin, 2008, 32(6):906-914]
15 吕大伟,周彦锋,葛优,王晨赫,尤洋.淀山湖翘嘴鲌的年龄结构与生长特性[J].水生生物学报, 2018, 42(4):762-769[Lv DW, Zhou YF, Ge Y, Wang CH, You Y. Age structure and growth characteristics of Culter Alburrnus from Dianshan Lake[J]. Acta Hydrobiol Sin, 2018, 42(4):762-769]
16徐春燕,俞秋佳,徐凤洁,胡雪芹,由文辉.淀山湖浮游植物优势种生态位[J].应用生态学报, 2012, 23(9):2550-2558[Xu CY, Yu QJ, Xu FJ,Hu XQ, You WH. Niche analysis of phytoplankton’s dominant species in Dianshan Lake of East China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2012, 23(9):2550-2558]
17 孙菁煜,戴小杰,朱江峰,季伟彬,田芝清.淀山湖鱼类多样性分析.上海水产大学学报[J]. 2007, 16(5):454-459[Sun JY, Dai XJ, Zhu JF,Ji WB, Tian ZQ. Optimization of sample size for lake fish resources survey. J Shanghai Ocean Uni, 2007, 16(5):454-459]
18 王家启,戴小杰,王坤,王浩展,田思泉.淀山湖鱼类生物多样性调查样本量的优化设计[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(1):291-298[Wang JQ,Dai XJ, Wang K, Wang HZ, Tian SQ. Optimal design of sample size for estimating species richness of fishes in Dianshan Lake, China[J]. Chin J Appl Ecol, 2017, 28(1):291-298]
19 Hu ZJ, Wu H, Wang SQ, Chen QJ, Ruan RL, Chen LQ, Liu QG.Temporal and spatial variation of fish assemblages in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai, China[J].Chin J Oceanol Limnol, 2014, 32(4):799-809
20 王家启,田思泉,高春霞,戴小杰.淀山湖鱼类调查样本量优化设计[J].上海海洋大学学报, 2018, 27(2):266-273[Wang JQ, Tian SQ,Gao CX, Dai XJ. Optimization of sample size for lake fish resources survey[J]. J Shanghai Ocean Uni, 2018, 27(2):266-273]
21 Er?s T, Specziár A, BíróP. Assessing fish assemblages in reed habitats of a large shallow lake-a comparisonbetween gillnetting and electric fishing[J]. Fish Res, 2009, 96(1):70-76
22 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所.上海鱼类志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1990[East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute. The Fishes of Shanghai Area[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 1990]
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