三聚氰胺贴面刨花板对环境影响的综合评价
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摘要
为改善室内人居环境,解决家具制作材料的异味问题,使用"主客观相结合评价方法",探究三聚氰胺贴面刨花板对室内环境的影响。该评价法基于数字定量的手段以及主观感知的方法,能够全面有效的鉴定板材对室内空气品质的影响。通过气相色谱-质谱-嗅觉测量技术在标准环境条件下(温度23℃、相对湿度40%),对三聚氰胺贴面刨花板释放的VOCs和气味进行研究。确定特征气味物质的同时,探究板材TVOC和气味的释放特性,对板材释放的VOCs和气味进行主客观综合性评价。结果表明:1)芳香族化合物和酯类为三聚氰胺贴面刨花板主要气味物质来源,芳香族化合物多呈现植物芳香,酯类物质多呈现为果香;2)不同气味特征化合物的气味强度和其浓度并没有直接的相关性,但是同一种气味特征化合物的质量浓度会一定程度上影响其气味强度的大小;3)随着时间的推移,三聚氰胺贴面刨花板中呈现气味特征芳香族化合物的释放相对减弱,醛酮类和酯类的释放相对增强;4)通过对本实验使用三聚氰胺贴面刨花板进行分析,发现酯类和醛酮类对人居环境影响较大;5)综合主客观因素,建议在使用前放置28 d以上的时间以减小对室内人居环境的影响。
In order to improve the indoor living environment and solve the odor emission problem of furniture making materials, the subjective and objective evaluation method was used to explore the impact of melamine veneer particleboard on the indoor environment.The evaluation method is based on digital quantitative method and subjective perception method, which can comprehensively and effectively identify the impact of the plates on indoor air quality. The VOCs and odors released by melamine veneer particleboard were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactory measurement under standard environmental conditions(temperature 23 ℃,relative humidity 40%). The release characteristics of TVOC and odor of sheet metal were investigated, and the VOCs and odor released from the plates were evaluated objectively and subjectively. The results show that: 1) The main components of odor emission released from melamine veneer particleboard were aromatic and esters, and aromatic compounds often presented plant aroma, while most of the esters were fruit ?avors; 2) There was no direct correlation between the odor intensity of different odor characteristic compounds and their concentration, but the mass concentration of the same odor characteristic compound affected the odor intensity to some extent; 3)Over time, the release of odor-characterized aromatic compounds in melamine veneer particleboard was relatively weakened, and the release of aldehydes and ketones and esters was relatively enhanced; 4) Through the analysis of melamine veneer particleboard used in this experiment, it is found that esters and aldehydes and ketones have great in?uence on human habitat environment;(5) Based on subjective and objective factors, it is suggested to place the plates more than 28 days before use in order to reduce the impact on indoor living environment.
In order to improve the indoor living environment and solve the odor emission problem of furniture making materials, the subjective and objective evaluation method was used to explore the impact of melamine veneer particleboard on the indoor environment.The evaluation method is based on digital quantitative method and subjective perception method, which can comprehensively and effectively identify the impact of the plates on indoor air quality. The VOCs and odors released by melamine veneer particleboard were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactory measurement under standard environmental conditions(temperature 23 ℃,relative humidity 40%). The release characteristics of TVOC and odor of sheet metal were investigated, and the VOCs and odor released from the plates were evaluated objectively and subjectively. The results show that: 1) The main components of odor emission released from melamine veneer particleboard were aromatic and esters, and aromatic compounds often presented plant aroma, while most of the esters were fruit ?avors; 2) There was no direct correlation between the odor intensity of different odor characteristic compounds and their concentration, but the mass concentration of the same odor characteristic compound affected the odor intensity to some extent; 3)Over time, the release of odor-characterized aromatic compounds in melamine veneer particleboard was relatively weakened, and the release of aldehydes and ketones and esters was relatively enhanced; 4) Through the analysis of melamine veneer particleboard used in this experiment, it is found that esters and aldehydes and ketones have great in?uence on human habitat environment;(5) Based on subjective and objective factors, it is suggested to place the plates more than 28 days before use in order to reduce the impact on indoor living environment.
引文
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[12]Law No.91:Offensive Odor Control Law[S].Tokyo:Gakken,1971.
[13]王东梅.室内空气品质评价系统研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[14]刘婉君,沈隽,王启繁.DL-SW微舱设计及对人造板VOCs的快速检测[J].林业工程学报,2017,2(4):40-45.
[15]UL 2821-2013.Greenguard-Certification Program Method for Measuring and Evaluating Chemical Emissions From Building Materials,Finishes and Furnishings[S].New York:Environmental Protection Agency,2013.
[16]OLSSON M J.An interaction model for order quality and intensity[J].Percept Psychophys,1994,55(4):363-372.
[17]KLEPEIS N E,NELSON W C,OTT W R.The National Human Activity Pattem Survey(NHAPS):A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants[J].Joumal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology,2001,11(3):231-252.
[18]FRANK C O,OWEN C M,PATTERSON J.Solid phase microextraction(SPME)combined with gas-chromatography and olfactometry-mass spectrometry for characterization of cheese aroma compounds[J].Lebensm Wiss U Technology,2004,37:139-154.
[19]JOSEGOMEZ-MIGUEZ M,CACHO J F,FERREIRA V,et al.Volatile components of Zalema white wines[J].Food Chemistry,2007,100:1464-1473.
[20]SEHIEBERLE P,SCHUH C.Aroma compounds in black tea powders of different origins-changes induced by preparation of the infusion[J].Developments in Food Science,2006,43:151-156.
[21]SEHIEBERLE P,SCHUH C.Aroma compounds in black tea powders of different origins-changes induced by preparation of the infusion[J].Developments in Food Science,2006,43:151-156.
[22]COTTE V M E,PRASAD S K,WAN P H W,et al.Cigarette smoke;GC-Olfactometry analyses using two computer programs[J].Expression of Multidisciplinary Flavour Science,2006,498-502.
[22]BULLINER E A,KOZIEL J A,CAI L S,et al.Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates,olid-Phase Microextraction,and Multidimensional Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry-Olfactometry[J].J.Air&Waste Manage.Assoc,2006,56:1391-1403.
[23]RABAUD N,EBELER S E,ASHBAUGH L,et al.The Application of Thermal Desorption GC/MS with Simultaneous Olfactory Evaluation for the Characterization and Quantification of Odor Compounds from a Dairy[J].J.Agric.Food Chem,2002,50:5139-5145.
[24]SCHREINER L,LOOS H M,BUETTNER A.Identification of odorants in wood of Calocedrus decurrens(Torr.)Florin by aroma extract dilution analysis and two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry[J].Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,2017,409,3719-3729.
[25]WANG Q,SHAO Y,CAO T.Identification of key odor compounds from three kinds of wood species[C].In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Energy,2017,6:23-25.
[26]陈峰,沈隽,苏雪瑶.表面装饰对刨花板总有机挥发物和甲醛释放的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(6):76-77.
[27]邵亚丽,沈隽,邓富介,等.表面涂饰对杨木强化材TVOC释放影响的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(2):114-121.
[28]蒋利群,沈隽,董华君,等.饰面处理对刨花板VOCs释放的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(5):110-116.
[2]KLEPEIS N E,NELSON W C,OTT W R.The National Human Activity Pattem Survey(NHAPS):A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants[J].Joumal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology,2001,11(3):231-252.
[3]NATHALIE NIBBE.How to select train and maintain a human sensory panel[J].Workshop“Emissions and odor of plastics”,2017,7:20-21.
[4]STRAALEN N M V.Peer reviewed:Ecotoxicology becomes stress ecology[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(17):324-330.
[5]JONES A P.Indoor air quality and health[J].Atmospheric Environment,1999,33(28):4535-4564.
[6]ASHRAE Standard 62-2001.“What’s new with 62?”[S].Atlanta:ASHRAE,2001.
[7]任晗堃.气相色谱-闻香器(GC-O)技术研究进展[C].中国香料香精化妆品工业协会第九届中国香料香精学术研讨会论文集,2012.
[8]刘玉,朱晓冬.综合指数法在人造板产品挥发性有机化合物污染评价中的应用[J].环境与健康杂志,2012,28(4):369-370.
[9]张国强,尚守平,徐峰.室内空气品质[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012:83-84.
[10]P O FANGER.The new eomfort equation for indoor air quality[J].ASHRAE Journal,1989,10:322-327.
[11]SN EN 13725-2003.Identical,Air Quality-Determination Of Odour Mass concentration By Dynamic Olfactometry[S].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2003.[12]Law No.91:Offensive Odor Control Law[S].1971.Japan.
[12]Law No.91:Offensive Odor Control Law[S].Tokyo:Gakken,1971.
[13]王东梅.室内空气品质评价系统研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2007.
[14]刘婉君,沈隽,王启繁.DL-SW微舱设计及对人造板VOCs的快速检测[J].林业工程学报,2017,2(4):40-45.
[15]UL 2821-2013.Greenguard-Certification Program Method for Measuring and Evaluating Chemical Emissions From Building Materials,Finishes and Furnishings[S].New York:Environmental Protection Agency,2013.
[16]OLSSON M J.An interaction model for order quality and intensity[J].Percept Psychophys,1994,55(4):363-372.
[17]KLEPEIS N E,NELSON W C,OTT W R.The National Human Activity Pattem Survey(NHAPS):A resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants[J].Joumal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology,2001,11(3):231-252.
[18]FRANK C O,OWEN C M,PATTERSON J.Solid phase microextraction(SPME)combined with gas-chromatography and olfactometry-mass spectrometry for characterization of cheese aroma compounds[J].Lebensm Wiss U Technology,2004,37:139-154.
[19]JOSEGOMEZ-MIGUEZ M,CACHO J F,FERREIRA V,et al.Volatile components of Zalema white wines[J].Food Chemistry,2007,100:1464-1473.
[20]SEHIEBERLE P,SCHUH C.Aroma compounds in black tea powders of different origins-changes induced by preparation of the infusion[J].Developments in Food Science,2006,43:151-156.
[21]SEHIEBERLE P,SCHUH C.Aroma compounds in black tea powders of different origins-changes induced by preparation of the infusion[J].Developments in Food Science,2006,43:151-156.
[22]COTTE V M E,PRASAD S K,WAN P H W,et al.Cigarette smoke;GC-Olfactometry analyses using two computer programs[J].Expression of Multidisciplinary Flavour Science,2006,498-502.
[22]BULLINER E A,KOZIEL J A,CAI L S,et al.Characterization of Livestock Odors Using Steel Plates,olid-Phase Microextraction,and Multidimensional Gas ChromatographyMass Spectrometry-Olfactometry[J].J.Air&Waste Manage.Assoc,2006,56:1391-1403.
[23]RABAUD N,EBELER S E,ASHBAUGH L,et al.The Application of Thermal Desorption GC/MS with Simultaneous Olfactory Evaluation for the Characterization and Quantification of Odor Compounds from a Dairy[J].J.Agric.Food Chem,2002,50:5139-5145.
[24]SCHREINER L,LOOS H M,BUETTNER A.Identification of odorants in wood of Calocedrus decurrens(Torr.)Florin by aroma extract dilution analysis and two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry[J].Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,2017,409,3719-3729.
[25]WANG Q,SHAO Y,CAO T.Identification of key odor compounds from three kinds of wood species[C].In Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Environmental Science and Sustainable Energy,2017,6:23-25.
[26]陈峰,沈隽,苏雪瑶.表面装饰对刨花板总有机挥发物和甲醛释放的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2010,38(6):76-77.
[27]邵亚丽,沈隽,邓富介,等.表面涂饰对杨木强化材TVOC释放影响的研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(2):114-121.
[28]蒋利群,沈隽,董华君,等.饰面处理对刨花板VOCs释放的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2018,40(5):110-116.
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